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Discovered 1992 Sept. 21 by F. Börngen and L. D. Schmadel at Tautenburg.
German Klaus von Klitzing (b. 1943), winner of the 1985 Nobel Prize in physics, demonstrated that under appropriate conditions the electrical resistance of a conductor varies only in the discrete jumps (quantum-Hall-effect), which are directly related to the so-called fine-structure constant.
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