*******************************************************************************
Revised: Jan 03, 2025 Tesla Roadster (spacecraft) -143205
(solution #11)
Tesla Roadster (AKA: Starman, 2018-017A)
NOTES:
Visibility:
20th magnitude until Feb 20, 2018.
22nd magnitude through mid-April (2018)
Brighter than 26th magnitude into mid-June (2018)
2018-Mar-01: Radial non-gravitational acceleration A1 estimated from data
(nominally solar radiation pressure)
2018-Mar-27: Two reporting sites (J04 & K93) extend data arc one month.
A1 estimate of JPL s10 is reduced 1.2-sigma compared to s9.
2025-Jan-03: Additional data from 2018 were recognized (in 2025) as being
this object and included in a trajectory update to JPL s11.
See MPEC 2025-A38 and MPEC 2025-A49.
LAUNCHED:
2018-Feb-06 20:45 UTC by Falcon Heavy (FH-1) from Kennedy Space Center, USA
(launchpad 39A)
BACKGROUND:
Dummy payload from the first launch of SpaceX Falcon Heavy launch vehicle.
Consists of a standard Tesla Roadster automobile and a spacesuit-wearing
mannequin nicknamed "Starman".
Also includes a Hot Wheels toy model Roadster on the car's dash with a
mini-Starman inside. A data storage device placed inside the car contains
a copy of Isaac Asimov's "Foundation" novels. A plaque on the attachment
fitting between the Falcon Heavy upper stage and the Tesla is etched with
the names of more than 6,000 SpaceX employees.
After orbiting the Earth for 5 hours, a third burn by the second stage was
completed at approximately 02:30 UTC Feb 7, placing the dummy payload in a
heliocentric orbit having a perihelion of 0.99 au and aphelion ~1.67 au.
The object stack consists of a Merlin 1D Vacuum second stage with Extended
Nozzle, Payload Attachment Fitting, and Tesla Roadster on mount.
Roadster mass: ~1250 kg (with batteries), ~800 kg (without ESS/batteries)
TRAJECTORY:
This trajectory is based on JPL solution #11, a fit to 374 ground-based
optical astrometric measurements spanning 2018 Feb 8.2 to March 19.1
Trajectory name Start (TDB) Stop (TDB)
-------------------------------- ----------------- -----------------
tesla_s11 2018-Feb-07 03:00 2090-Jan-01 00:00
Encounter predictions for s11 (w/radial 1/r^2 non-gravitational acceleration)
Date (TDB) Body CA Dist MinDist MaxDist Vrel TCA3Sg Nsigs P_i/p
----------------- ----- ------- ------- ------- ------ ------ ------ -----
2018 Feb 08.09689 Moon .000936 .000936 .000936 3.961 0.40 49339. 0.000
2020 Oct 07.26842 Mars .049505 .048930 .050173 8.148 25.85 6.86E5 0.000
2035 Apr 22.35485 Mars .015980 .005058 .027812 8.227 157.91 32114. 0.000
2047 Jan 11.89009 Earth .031891 .030690 .033084 4.493 222.92 1.40E5 0.000
2050 Mar 19.50992 Earth .118880 .112344 .125297 7.390 665.21 2.60E5 0.000
2052 Sep 05.22339 Mars .176165 .170208 .182263 5.738 3348.9 9.58E5 0.000
2067 Apr 15.94365 Mars .044180 .017110 .072901 7.177 1878.4 41072. 0.000
2084 Sep 17.89391 Mars .118225 .080043 .158473 9.778 1228.7 6.72E5 0.000
2085 Jan 01.75959 Earth .084679 .025767 .130881 6.278 8151.1 1.00E5 0.000
2088 Mar 09.78797 Earth .048364 .021233 .071302 5.080 7677.4 1.61E5 0.000
Date = Nominal encounter time (Barycentric Dynamical Time)
CA_Dist = Highest probability close approach distance to body, au
MinDist = 3-sigma minimum encounter distance, au
MaxDist = 3-sigma maximum encounter distance, au
Vrel = Relative velocity at nominal encounter time, km/s
TCA3Sg = 3-sigma uncertainty in close encounter time, minutes
Nsigs = Number of sigmas to encounter body at nominal encounter time
P_i/p = Linearized probability of impact
NOTE:
How to obtain optional statistical uncertainty output & generate an SPK file:
Since this is a spacecraft and not part of the asteroid and comet database
which normally holds orbit covariance data, some functions like statistical
output and SPK file generation aren't automatically available for this object.
However, such optional extended output is possible with some extra steps.
To propagate statistical uncertainties for this object, the full statistical
orbit solution (given below) can be manually input back into Horizons as a
"user-defined object" using the telnet or e-mail interfaces (not possible
with the browser interface).
To do this and activate statistical or SPK file output ...
Using the telnet interface (command-line "telnet ssd.jpl.nasa.gov 6775"),
enter ";" to drop into user-input mode then cut-and-paste each line shown
below, one at a time. The lines of numbers after SRC must be in the order
shown.
For SPK file generation, only the first four lines need be input: the
EPOCH, orbital element lines starting with "EC" and "OM", and the
non-gravitational acceleration model (line starting with "A1").
SRC lines are needed only for (optional) statistical output and the
H & G values only for (optional) visual magnitude output.
EPOCH= 2458164.5 != 2018-Feb-15.0000000 (TDB)
EC= .2585498518579815 QR= .9860596261746192 TP= 2458153.620509125
OM= 317.3549172886181 W= 177.3203193988167 IN= 1.088462199267202
EST= A1
A1= 2.969858760763E-9 ALN= 1. NK= 0. NM= 2. NN= 5.093 R0= 1.
SRC= -1.955409317157004E-7 9.104488138428854E-9 -1.67323353121069E-9
-4.475931903020887E-7 2.159362665672524E-9 -1.18978744790786E-6
-2.387343737884606E-7 -3.299794641009024E-9 -1.704283275997863E-5
-2.940172139669599E-7 -4.530422681194046E-7 -4.160541909271693E-9
2.670698115150779E-5 1.719405542489103E-6 -1.349341670124289E-6
-2.348030169232153E-5 -2.191270982039325E-8 -.0002230963863908305
-1.789961004798429E-6 -1.946683612807248E-6 -1.585432559643199E-6
-3.82698230056176E-6 -2.735923398749713E-9 -2.828976278364116E-5
1.682781991584703E-7 -6.630980954968635E-7 -2.526100041034717E-7
-1.283103857557316E-10
H= 25.281 G= 0.15
When done, press a blank return to exit input mode.
Enter "J" at the prompt to indicate heliocentric J2000 ecliptic data has
been supplied. Then at the next prompt, input an arbitrary name
(i.e., Roadster).
Horizons will then proceed as usual, but with statistical output and SPK
file generation now available as options.
A basic and identical tracking ephemeris can be produced without doing any
of this, but statistical uncertainty quantities requested will be marked
"n.a.", meaning not available, and SPK generation won't be an option.
NOTE: long-term predictions
Over time, trajectory prediction errors could increase more rapidly than
the formal statistics indicate due to unmodeled thermal re-radiation or
outgassing accelerations that are not currently characterized but may exist.
*******************************************************************************
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Ephemeris / WWW_USER Fri Feb 21 03:01:16 2025 Pasadena, USA / Horizons
*******************************************************************************
Target body name: SpaceX Roadster (spacecraft) (-143205) {source: tesla_s11}
Center body name: Earth (399) {source: DE441}
Center-site name: GEOCENTRIC
*******************************************************************************
Start time : A.D. 2022-Jan-01 10:00:00.0000 UT
Stop time : A.D. 2022-Jan-02 00:00:00.0000 UT
Step-size : 60 minutes
*******************************************************************************
Target pole/equ : undefined
Target radii : undefined
Center geodetic : 0.0, 0.0, -6378.137 {E-lon(deg),Lat(deg),Alt(km)}
Center cylindric: 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 {E-lon(deg),Dxy(km),Dz(km)}
Center pole/equ : ITRF93 {East-longitude positive}
Center radii : 6378.137, 6378.137, 6356.752 km {Equator_a, b, pole_c}
Target primary : Earth
Vis. interferer : MOON (R_eq= 1737.400) km {source: DE441}
Rel. light bend : Sun {source: DE441}
Rel. lght bnd GM: 1.3271E+11 km^3/s^2
Atmos refraction: NO (AIRLESS)
RA format : HMS
Time format : CAL
Calendar mode : Mixed Julian/Gregorian
EOP file : eop.250220.p250519
EOP coverage : DATA-BASED 1962-JAN-20 TO 2025-FEB-20. PREDICTS-> 2025-MAY-18
Units conversion: 1 au= 149597870.700 km, c= 299792.458 km/s, 1 day= 86400.0 s
Table cut-offs 1: Elevation (-90.0deg=NO ),Airmass (>38.000=NO), Daylight (NO )
Table cut-offs 2: Solar elongation ( 0.0,180.0=NO ),Local Hour Angle( 0.0=NO )
Table cut-offs 3: RA/DEC angular rate ( 0.0=NO )
********************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
Date__(UT)__HR:MN R.A._____(ICRF)_____DEC R.A.__(a-apparent)__DEC dRA*cosD d(DEC)/dt Azi____(a-app)___Elev dAZ*cosE d(ELV)/dt X_(sat-primary)_Y SatPANG L_Ap_Sid_Time a-mass mag_ex APmag S-brt Illu% Def_illu ang-sep/v Ang-diam ObsSub-LON ObsSub-LAT SunSub-LON SunSub-LAT SN.ang SN.dist NP.ang NP.dist hEcl-Lon hEcl-Lat r rdot delta deldot 1-way_down_LT VmagSn VmagOb S-O-T /r S-T-O T-O-M/MN_Illu% O-P-T PsAng PsAMV PlAng Cnst TDB-UT ObsEcLon ObsEcLat N.Pole-RA N.Pole-DC GlxLon GlxLat L_Ap_SOL_Time 399_ins_LT RA_3sigma DEC_3sigma SMAA_3sig SMIA_3sig Theta Area_3sig POS_3sigma RNG_3sigma RNGRT_3sig DOP_S_3sig DOP_X_3sig RT_delay_3sig Tru_Anom L_Ap_Hour_Ang phi PAB-LON PAB-LAT App_Lon_Sun RA_(ICRF-a-apparnt)_DEC I_dRA*cosD I_d(DEC)/dt Sky_motion Sky_mot_PA RelVel-ANG Lun_Sky_Brt sky_SNR UT1-UTC
********************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
$$SOE
2022-Jan-01 10:00 20 53 22.02 -17 20 51.7 20 54 34.21 -17 16 00.0 88.24735 25.92665 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 29.212 n.a. 97.68553 n.a. 0.0/* n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 253.82 0.00 n.a. n.a. 328.4346 0.2146 1.648120292589 -1.6340806 2.42104551557984 7.6518534 20.13522157 20.1778093 45.5094134 30.2745 /T 17.5062 49.5/ 2.8123 n.a. 73.909 252.981 -0.25225 Cap 69.183903 311.2279234 0.1451534 n.a. n.a. 29.826050 -34.529686 n.a. 0.000000 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 17.5012 319.6801 0.1829 n.a. 20 53 20.81 -17 20 56.6 88.28918 25.78386 1.5329516 73.627463 9.6745628 n.a. n.a. -0.11047
2022-Jan-01 11:00 20 53 28.19 -17 20 26.0 20 54 40.37 -17 15 34.1 88.24795 25.93952 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 29.212 n.a. 97.68782 n.a. 0.0/* n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 253.81 0.00 n.a. n.a. 328.4514 0.2149 1.648080946748 -1.6360329 2.42122957839292 7.6452057 20.13675237 20.1784463 45.5136766 30.2575 /T 17.4975 48.9/ 2.6470 n.a. 73.901 252.973 -0.25197 Cap 69.183904 311.2534750 0.1453494 n.a. n.a. 29.845012 -34.549904 n.a. 0.000000 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 17.4925 319.7013 0.1832 n.a. 20 53 26.98 -17 20 30.8 88.28977 25.79679 1.5330216 73.619877 9.6651573 n.a. n.a. -0.11046
2022-Jan-01 12:00 20 53 34.35 -17 20 00.1 20 54 46.53 -17 15 08.2 88.24854 25.95238 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 29.212 n.a. 97.69011 n.a. 0.0/* n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 253.80 0.00 n.a. n.a. 328.4682 0.2152 1.648041553924 -1.6379853 2.42141348120819 7.6385563 20.13828185 20.1790840 45.5179380 30.2406 /T 17.4887 48.3/ 2.4867 n.a. 73.893 252.966 -0.25168 Cap 69.183906 311.2790279 0.1455454 n.a. n.a. 29.863983 -34.570119 n.a. 0.000000 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 17.4837 319.7225 0.1835 n.a. 20 53 33.14 -17 20 05.0 88.29037 25.80972 1.5330915 73.612294 9.6557520 n.a. n.a. -0.11046
2022-Jan-01 13:00 20 53 40.52 -17 19 34.3 20 54 52.69 -17 14 42.2 88.24913 25.96524 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 29.212 n.a. 97.69240 n.a. 0.0/* n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 253.79 0.00 n.a. n.a. 328.4850 0.2155 1.648002114118 -1.6399376 2.42159722398283 7.6319052 20.13980999 20.1797225 45.5221976 30.2237 /T 17.4800 47.7/ 2.3314 n.a. 73.885 252.958 -0.25140 Cap 69.183907 311.3045819 0.1457414 n.a. n.a. 29.882965 -34.590333 n.a. 0.000000 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 17.4750 319.7437 0.1837 n.a. 20 53 39.31 -17 19 39.2 88.29096 25.82264 1.5331614 73.604714 9.6463468 n.a. n.a. -0.11045
2022-Jan-01 14:00 20 53 46.68 -17 19 08.5 20 54 58.85 -17 14 16.2 88.24972 25.97810 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 29.212 n.a. 97.69469 n.a. 0.0/* n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 253.79 0.00 n.a. n.a. 328.5018 0.2158 1.647962627333 -1.6418898 2.42178080667434 7.6252522 20.14133680 20.1803617 45.5264554 30.2067 /T 17.4713 47.1/ 2.1812 n.a. 73.877 252.950 -0.25112 Cap 69.183908 311.3301371 0.1459373 n.a. n.a. 29.901957 -34.610545 n.a. 0.000000 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 17.4663 319.7649 0.1840 n.a. 20 53 45.47 -17 19 13.4 88.29155 25.83555 1.5332314 73.597137 9.6369418 n.a. n.a. -0.11045
2022-Jan-01 15:00 20 53 52.85 -17 18 42.7 20 55 05.01 -17 13 50.2 88.25031 25.99095 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 29.212 n.a. 97.69697 n.a. 0.0/* n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 253.78 0.00 n.a. n.a. 328.5187 0.2161 1.647923093569 -1.6438420 2.42196422924051 7.6185975 20.14286228 20.1810018 45.5307115 30.1898 /T 17.4626 46.5/ 2.0360 n.a. 73.868 252.943 -0.25083 Cap 69.183909 311.3556935 0.1461332 n.a. n.a. 29.920959 -34.630754 n.a. 0.000000 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 17.4576 319.7861 0.1842 n.a. 20 53 51.64 -17 18 47.6 88.29214 25.84847 1.5333013 73.589562 9.6275370 n.a. n.a. -0.11044
2022-Jan-01 16:00 20 53 59.01 -17 18 16.8 20 55 11.17 -17 13 24.2 88.25090 26.00379 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 29.211 n.a. 97.69926 n.a. 0.0/* n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 253.77 0.00 n.a. n.a. 328.5355 0.2164 1.647883512826 -1.6457942 2.42214749163942 7.6119411 20.14438642 20.1816426 45.5349657 30.1729 /T 17.4538 45.9/ 1.8959 n.a. 73.860 252.935 -0.25055 Cap 69.183910 311.3812511 0.1463291 n.a. n.a. 29.939971 -34.650962 n.a. 0.000000 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 17.4488 319.8072 0.1845 n.a. 20 53 57.80 -17 18 21.7 88.29274 25.86138 1.5333712 73.581991 9.6181323 n.a. n.a. -0.11043
2022-Jan-01 17:00 20 54 05.18 -17 17 50.9 20 55 17.33 -17 12 58.2 88.25148 26.01664 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 29.211 n.a. 97.70154 n.a. 0.0/* n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 253.76 0.00 n.a. n.a. 328.5523 0.2167 1.647843885108 -1.6477463 2.42233059382945 7.6052830 20.14590924 20.1822841 45.5392181 30.1559 /T 17.4451 45.3/ 1.7610 n.a. 73.852 252.928 -0.25027 Cap 69.183912 311.4068098 0.1465249 n.a. n.a. 29.958993 -34.671167 n.a. 0.000000 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 17.4401 319.8284 0.1847 n.a. 20 54 03.97 -17 17 55.8 88.29333 25.87428 1.5334411 73.574423 9.6087278 n.a. n.a. -0.11042
2022-Jan-01 18:00 20 54 11.34 -17 17 25.0 20 55 23.49 -17 12 32.2 88.25207 26.02948 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 29.211 n.a. 97.70382 n.a. 0.0/* n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 253.75 0.00 n.a. n.a. 328.5692 0.2170 1.647804210414 -1.6496983 2.42251353576928 7.5986231 20.14743072 20.1829265 45.5434688 30.1390 /T 17.4364 44.7/ 1.6311 n.a. 73.844 252.920 -0.24998 Cap 69.183913 311.4323697 0.1467207 n.a. n.a. 29.978025 -34.691371 n.a. 0.000000 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 17.4314 319.8496 0.1850 n.a. 20 54 10.13 -17 17 30.0 88.29392 25.88718 1.5335110 73.566858 9.5993236 n.a. n.a. -0.11042
2022-Jan-01 19:00 20 54 17.51 -17 16 59.2 20 55 29.65 -17 12 06.1 88.25266 26.04231 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 29.211 n.a. 97.70610 n.a. 0.0/* n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 253.74 0.00 n.a. n.a. 328.5860 0.2174 1.647764488745 -1.6516503 2.42269631741794 7.5919616 20.14895087 20.1835696 45.5477175 30.1221 /T 17.4277 44.1/ 1.5065 n.a. 73.835 252.912 -0.24970 Cap 69.183914 311.4579308 0.1469165 n.a. n.a. 29.997068 -34.711572 n.a. 0.000000 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 17.4226 319.8708 0.1852 n.a. 20 54 16.30 -17 17 04.1 88.29450 25.90008 1.5335809 73.559296 9.5899196 n.a. n.a. -0.11041
2022-Jan-01 20:00 20 54 23.67 -17 16 33.2 20 55 35.81 -17 11 40.1 88.25324 26.05514 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 29.211 n.a. 97.70838 n.a. 0.0/* n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 253.74 0.00 n.a. n.a. 328.6028 0.2177 1.647724720104 -1.6536023 2.42287893873472 7.5852983 20.15046968 20.1842135 45.5519645 30.1052 /T 17.4189 43.5/ 1.3869 n.a. 73.827 252.905 -0.24942 Cap 69.183915 311.4834931 0.1471122 n.a. n.a. 30.016120 -34.731772 n.a. 0.000000 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 17.4139 319.8920 0.1855 n.a. 20 54 22.46 -17 16 38.2 88.29509 25.91297 1.5336508 73.551737 9.5805159 n.a. n.a. -0.11040
2022-Jan-01 21:00 20 54 29.84 -17 16 07.3 20 55 41.97 -17 11 14.0 88.25383 26.06797 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 29.211 n.a. 97.71066 n.a. 0.0/* n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 253.73 0.00 n.a. n.a. 328.6196 0.2180 1.647684904490 -1.6555542 2.42306139967928 7.5786334 20.15198717 20.1848581 45.5562096 30.0882 /T 17.4102 42.9/ 1.2726 n.a. 73.819 252.897 -0.24913 Cap 69.183917 311.5090565 0.1473079 n.a. n.a. 30.035183 -34.751969 n.a. 0.000000 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 17.4052 319.9132 0.1857 n.a. 20 54 28.63 -17 16 12.2 88.29568 25.92586 1.5337207 73.544181 9.5711124 n.a. n.a. -0.11039
2022-Jan-01 22:00 20 54 36.00 -17 15 41.4 20 55 48.13 -17 10 48.0 88.25441 26.08079 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 29.210 n.a. 97.71294 n.a. 0.0/* n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 253.72 0.00 n.a. n.a. 328.6365 0.2183 1.647645041906 -1.6575060 2.42324370021160 7.5719669 20.15350331 20.1855035 45.5604528 30.0713 /T 17.4015 42.3/ 1.1635 n.a. 73.811 252.889 -0.24885 Cap 69.183918 311.5346211 0.1475036 n.a. n.a. 30.054256 -34.772165 n.a. 0.000000 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 17.3965 319.9344 0.1860 n.a. 20 54 34.79 -17 15 46.3 88.29626 25.93875 1.5337906 73.536628 9.5617093 n.a. n.a. -0.11038
2022-Jan-01 23:00 20 54 42.16 -17 15 15.4 20 55 54.29 -17 10 21.9 88.25500 26.09361 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 29.210 n.a. 97.71522 n.a. 0.0/* n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 253.71 0.00 n.a. n.a. 328.6533 0.2186 1.647605132352 -1.6594578 2.42342584029196 7.5652986 20.15501813 20.1861497 45.5646942 30.0544 /T 17.3927 41.7/ 1.0595 n.a. 73.803 252.882 -0.24856 Cap 69.183919 311.5601869 0.1476992 n.a. n.a. 30.073339 -34.792358 n.a. 0.000000 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 17.3877 319.9556 0.1862 n.a. 20 54 40.95 -17 15 20.4 88.29685 25.95163 1.5338605 73.529079 9.5523064 n.a. n.a. -0.11038
2022-Jan-02 00:00 20 54 48.33 -17 14 49.5 20 56 00.45 -17 09 55.8 88.25558 26.10642 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 29.210 n.a. 97.71749 n.a. 0.0/* n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 253.70 0.00 n.a. n.a. 328.6701 0.2189 1.647565175830 -1.6614096 2.42360781988099 7.5586288 20.15653160 20.1867967 45.5689336 30.0375 /T 17.3840 41.1/ 0.9608 n.a. 73.794 252.874 -0.24828 Cap 69.183920 311.5857539 0.1478948 n.a. n.a. 30.092432 -34.812549 n.a. 0.000000 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 17.3790 319.9768 0.1865 n.a. 20 54 47.12 -17 14 54.4 88.29743 25.96450 1.5339303 73.521532 9.5429039 n.a. n.a. -0.11037
$$EOE
********************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
Column meaning:
TIME
Times PRIOR to 1962 are UT1, a mean-solar time closely related to the
prior but now-deprecated GMT. Times AFTER 1962 are in UTC, the current
civil or "wall-clock" time-scale. UTC is kept within 0.9 seconds of UT1
using integer leap-seconds for 1972 and later years.
Conversion from the internal Barycentric Dynamical Time (TDB) of solar
system dynamics to the non-uniform civil UT time-scale requested for output
has not been determined for UTC times after the next July or January 1st.
Therefore, the last known leap-second is used as a constant over future
intervals.
Time tags refer to the UT time-scale conversion from TDB on Earth
regardless of observer location within the solar system, although clock
rates may differ due to the local gravity field and no analog to "UT"
may be defined for that location.
Any 'b' symbol in the 1st-column denotes a B.C. date. First-column blank
(" ") denotes an A.D. date.
CALENDAR SYSTEM
Mixed calendar mode was active such that calendar dates after AD 1582-Oct-15
(if any) are in the modern Gregorian system. Dates prior to 1582-Oct-5 (if any)
are in the Julian calendar system, which is automatically extended for dates
prior to its adoption on 45-Jan-1 BC. The Julian calendar is useful for
matching historical dates. The Gregorian calendar more accurately corresponds
to the Earth's orbital motion and seasons. A "Gregorian-only" calendar mode is
available if such physical events are the primary interest.
NOTE: "n.a." in output means quantity "not available" at the print-time.
'R.A._____(ICRF)_____DEC' =
Astrometric right ascension and declination of the target center with
respect to the observing site (coordinate origin) in the reference frame of
the planetary ephemeris (ICRF). Compensated for down-leg light-time delay
aberration.
Units: RA in hours-minutes-seconds of time, HH MM SS.ff{ffff}
DEC in degrees-minutes-seconds of arc, sDD MN SC.f{ffff}
'R.A.__(a-apparent)__DEC' =
Airless apparent right ascension and declination of the target center
with respect to an instantaneous reference frame defined by the Earth equator
of-date (z-axis) and meridian containing the Earth equinox of-date (x-axis,
EOP-corrected IAU76/80). Compensated for down-leg light-time delay,
gravitational deflection of light, stellar aberration, precession & nutation.
Note: equinox (RA origin) is offset -53 mas from the of-date frame defined
by the IAU06/00a P & N system.
Units: RA in hours-minutes-seconds of time, HH MM SS.ff{ffff}
DEC in degrees-minutes-seconds of arc, sDD MN SC.f{ffff}
'dRA*cosD d(DEC)/dt' =
The angular rate of change in aparent RA and DEC of the target. This is
with respect to the non-inertial IAU76/80 Earth true equator and equinox
of-date reference frame. d(RA)/dt is multiplied by the cosine of declination
to provide a linear rate in the plane-of-sky. Units: ARCSECONDS PER HOUR
'Azi____(a-app)___Elev' =
Airless apparent azimuth and elevation of target center. Compensated
for light-time, the gravitational deflection of light, stellar aberration,
precession and nutation. Azimuth is measured clockwise from north:
North(0) -> East(90) -> South(180) -> West(270) -> North (360)
Elevation angle is with respect to a plane perpendicular to the reference
surface local zenith direction. TOPOCENTRIC ONLY. Units: DEGREES
'dAZ*cosE d(ELV)/dt' =
The rate of change of target center apparent azimuth and elevation
(airless). d(AZ)/dt is multiplied by the cosine of the elevation angle.
TOPOCENTRIC ONLY. Units: ARCSECOND PER MINUTE
'X_(sat-primary)_Y SatPANG' =
Satellite apparent differential coordinates in the plane-of-sky with
respect to the primary body along with the satellite position angle.
Differential coordinates are defined in RA as:
X= ((RA_sat - RA_primary) * cosine(DEC_primary))
... and in DEC as:
Y= (DEC_sat - DEC_primary)
Non-lunar satellites only. "SatPANG" is the counter-clockwise (CCW) position
angle from the reference-frame of-date north-pole to a line from the primary
center to the satellite center. Units: ARCSECONDS (X & Y), DEGREES (pos, angle)
'L_Ap_Sid_Time' =
Local Apparent Sidereal Time. The angle measured westward in the body
true-equator of-date plane from the meridian containing the body-fixed
observer to the meridian containing the true Earth equinox (defined by
intersection of the true Earth equator of date with the ecliptic of date).
TOPOCENTRIC ONLY. Units: HH MM SS.ffff (hours-minutes-seconds of time)
'a-mass mag_ex' =
RELATIVE optical airmass and visual magnitude extinction. Airmass is the
ratio between the absolute optical airmass for the targets' refracted CENTER
point to the absolute optical airmass at zenith. Also output is the estimated
visual magnitude extinction due to the atmosphere, as seen by the observer.
AVAILABLE ONLY FOR TOPOCENTRIC EARTH SITES WHEN THE TARGET IS ABOVE THE
HORIZON. Units: none (airmass) and magnitudes (extinction).
'APmag S-brt' =
The targets' approximate apparent visual magnitude and surface brightness.
For planets and natural satellites, output is restricted to solar phase angles
covered by observational data. Outside the observed phase angle range, "n.a."
may be output to avoid extrapolation beyond the limit of model validity.
For Earth-based observers, the estimated dimming due to atmospheric
absorption (extinction) is available as a separate, requestable quantity.
Surface brightness is the average airless visual magnitude of a
square-arcsecond of the illuminated portion of the apparent disk. It is
computed only if the target radius is known.
Units: MAGNITUDES & MAGNITUDES PER SQUARE ARCSECOND
'Illu%' =
Fraction of the target objects' assumed circular disk illuminated by Sun
(phase), as seen by the observer. Units: PERCENT
'Def_illu' =
Defect of illumination. The maximum angular width of the target body's
assumed circular disk diameter NOT illuminated by the Sun. Units: ARCSECONDS
'ang-sep/v' =
The angular separation between the center of the target object and the center
of the (remote) primary body it revolves around, as seen by the observer, with
target visibility code.
Visibility codes (refers to limb-to-limb):
/t = Transiting primary body disk /O = Occulted by primary body disk
/p = Partial umbral eclipse /P = Occulted partial umbral eclipse
/u = Total umbral eclipse /U = Occulted total umbral eclipse
/- = Target is the primary body /* = None of above ("free and clear")
The radius of both primary and target body is taken to be the equatorial
value (maximum, given a triaxial shape). Atmospheric effects and oblateness
aspect are NOT currently considered. Light-time is considered.
Units: ARCSECONDS and visibility code
'Ang-diam' =
The equatorial angular width of the target body full disk, if it were fully
illuminated and visible to the observer. If the target body diameter is unknown
"n.a." is output.
Units: ARCSECONDS
'ObsSub-LON ObsSub-LAT' =
Apparent planetodetic longitude and latitude of the center of the target
disc seen by the OBSERVER at print-time. This is NOT exactly the same as the
"nearest" sub-point for a non-spherical target shape (since the center of
the disc might not be the point closest to the observer), but is generally
very close if not a very irregular body shape. Down-leg light travel-time
from target to observer is taken into account. Latitude is the angle between
the equatorial plane and the line perpendicular to the reference ellipsoid of
the body, so includes body oblateness. The reference ellipsoid is an oblate
spheroid with a single flatness coefficient in which the y-axis body radius
is taken to be the same value as the x-axis radius. Positive longitude is to
the WEST for this target. Cartographic system is given in the header.
Units: DEGREES DEGREES
'SunSub-LON SunSub-LAT' =
Apparent sub-solar longitude and latitude of the Sun on the target. The
apparent planetodetic longitude and latitude of the center of the target disc
as seen from the Sun, as seen by the observer at print-time. This is NOT
exactly the same as the "sub-solar" (nearest) point for a non-spherical target
shape (since the center of the disc seen from the Sun might not be the closest
point to the Sun), but is very close if not a highly irregular body shape.
Light travel-time from Sun to target and from target to observer is taken into
account. Latitude is the angle between the equatorial plane and the line
perpendicular to the reference ellipsoid of the body. The reference ellipsoid
is an oblate spheroid with a single flatness coefficient in which the y-axis
body radius is taken to be the same value as the x-axis radius. Positive
longitude is to the WEST for this target. Cartographic system is given in the
header. Units: DEGREES DEGREES
'SN.ang SN.dist' =
Targets' apparent sub-solar point position angle (counter-clockwise with
respect to the direction of the true-of-date reference-frame north-pole) and
its angular distance from the sub-observer point (center of disk) at print
time. A negative distance indicates the sub-solar point is on the hidden
hemisphere. Units: DEGREES and ARCSECONDS
'NP.ang NP.dist' =
Targets' apparent north-pole position angle (counter-clockwise with respect
to the direction of the true-of-date reference-frame north-pole) and its
angular distance from the sub-observer point (center of disk) at observation
time. A negative distance indicates the planets' north-pole is on the hidden
hemisphere. Units: DEGREES and ARCSECONDS
'hEcl-Lon hEcl-Lat' =
Geometric heliocentric J2000 ecliptic longitude and latitude of target
center at the instant light leaves it to be observed at print time (print time
minus down-leg light-time). Units: DEGREES
'r rdot' =
The Sun's apparent range ("r", light-time aberrated) and range-rate ("rdot")
relative to the target center, as seen by the observer. A positive "rdot" means
the target center was moving away from the Sun, negative means moving toward
the Sun. Units: AU and KM/S
'delta deldot' =
Apparent range ("delta", light-time aberrated) and range-rate ("delta-dot")
of the target center relative to the observer. A positive "deldot" means the
target center is moving away from the observer, negative indicates movement
toward the observer. Units: AU and KM/S
'1-way_down_LT' =
1-way down-leg light-time from target center to observer. The elapsed time
since light (observed at print-time) would have left or reflected off a point
at the center of the target. Units: MINUTES
'VmagSn VmagOb' =
Magnitude of target centers' velocity with respect to the Sun ("VmagSn")
and the observer ("VmagOb") at the time light left the target center to be
observed (print time minus down-leg light-time). These are absolute values
of the velocity vectors (total speeds) and do NOT indicate direction of motion.
Units: KM/S
'S-O-T /r' =
Sun-Observer-Target apparent SOLAR ELONGATION ANGLE seen from the observers'
location at print-time.
The '/r' column provides a code indicating the targets' apparent position
relative to the Sun in the observers' sky, as described below:
Case A: For an observing location on the surface of a rotating body, that
body rotational sense is considered:
/T indicates target TRAILS Sun (evening sky: rises and sets AFTER Sun)
/L indicates target LEADS Sun (morning sky: rises and sets BEFORE Sun)
Case B: For an observing point that does not have a rotational model (such
as a spacecraft), the "leading" and "trailing" condition is defined by the
observers' heliocentric ORBITAL motion:
* If continuing in the observers' current direction of heliocentric
motion would encounter the targets' apparent longitude first, followed
by the Sun's, the target LEADS the Sun as seen by the observer.
* If the Sun's apparent longitude would be encountered first, followed
by the targets', the target TRAILS the Sun.
Two other codes can be output:
/* indicates observer is Sun-centered (undefined)
/? Target is aligned with Sun center (no lead or trail)
The S-O-T solar elongation angle is numerically the minimum separation
angle of the Sun and target in the sky in any direction. It does NOT indicate
the amount of separation in the leading or trailing directions, which would
be defined along the equator of a spherical coordinate system.
Units: DEGREES
'S-T-O' =
The Sun-Target-Observer angle; the interior vertex angle at target center
formed by a vector from the target to the apparent center of the Sun (at
reflection time on the target) and the apparent vector from target to the
observer at print-time. Slightly different from true PHASE ANGLE (requestable
separately) at the few arcsecond level in that it includes stellar aberration
on the down-leg from target to observer. Units: DEGREES
'T-O-M/MN_Illu%' =
Target-Observer-Moon LUNAR ELONGATION angle and illuminated percentage.
The apparent lunar elongation angle between target body center and Moon
center, seen from the observing site, along with fraction of the lunar disk
illuminated by the Sun. A negative lunar elongation angle indicates the target
center is behind the Moon. Units: DEGREES & PERCENT
'O-P-T' =
Observer-Primary-Target angle; apparent angle between a target satellite,
its primarys' center and an observer at print time. Interior vertex angle at
the primary. Units: DEGREES
'PsAng PsAMV' =
The position angles of the extended Sun-to-target radius vector ("PsAng")
and the negative of the targets' heliocentric velocity vector ("PsAMV"), as
seen in the observers' plane-of-sky, measured counter-clockwise (east) from
reference-frame north-pole. Primarily intended for ACTIVE COMETS, "PsAng"
is an indicator of the comets' gas-tail orientation in the sky (being in the
anti-sunward direction) while "PsAMV" is an indicator of dust-tail orientation.
Units: DEGREES
'PlAng' =
Angle between observer and target orbital plane, measured from center
of target at the moment light seen at observation time leaves the target.
Positive values indicate observer is above the objects' orbital plane, in
the direction of reference-frame +z axis. Units: DEGREES
'Cnst' =
Constellation ID; the 3-letter abbreviation for the name of the
constellation containing the target centers' astrometric position,
as defined by IAU (1930) boundary delineation. See documentation
for list of abbreviations.
'TDB-UT' =
Difference between the uniform Barycentric Dynamical time-scale and the
Earth-rotation dependent Universal Time. Prior to 1962, the difference is with
respect to UT1 (TDB-UT1) and the 0.002 second maximum amplitude distinction
between TT and TDB is not maintained. For 1962 and later, the difference is
with respect to UTC (TDB-UTC) and periodic terms less than 1.e-6 second are
ignored. Values beyond the next July or January 1st may change if a leap-second
is later required by the IERS. Values from the present date forward through
the next ~78 days are predictions. Beyond that prediction interval, the last
prediction is taken as a constant for all future dates. Units: SECONDS
'ObsEcLon ObsEcLat' =
Observer-centered IAU76/80 ecliptic-of-date longitude and latitude of the
target centers' apparent position, with light-time, gravitational deflection of
light, and stellar aberrations. Units: DEGREES
'N.Pole-RA N.Pole-DC' =
ICRF right ascension and declination of the target body's north-pole
direction at the time light left the body to be observed at print time.
Target pole/rotation model is given in the header. Units: DEGREES
'GlxLon GlxLat' =
Observer-centered Galactic System II (post WW II) longitude and latitude
of the target centers' apparent position, with light-time, gravitational
deflection of light, and stellar aberrations. Units: DEGREES
'L_Ap_SOL_Time' =
Local Apparent SOLAR Time for observing site. This is the time indicated by
a sundial. TOPOCENTRIC ONLY. Units: HH MM SS.ffff (sexagesimal angular hours)
'399_ins_LT' =
Instantaneous light-time of the station with respect to Earth center at
print-time. The geometric (or "true") separation of site and Earth center,
divided by the speed of light. Units: MINUTES
'RA_3sigma DEC_3sigma' =
Uncertainty in Right-Ascension and Declination. Output values are the formal
+/- 3 standard-deviations (sigmas) around nominal position. Units: ARCSECONDS
'SMAA_3sig SMIA_3sig Theta Area_3sig' =
Plane-of-sky (POS) error ellipse data. These quantities summarize the
targets' 3-dimensional 3-standard-deviation formal uncertainty volume projected
into a reference plane perpendicular to the observers' line-of-sight.
SMAA_3sig = Angular width of the 3-sigma error ellipse semi-major
axis in POS. Units: ARCSECONDS.
SMIA_3sig = Angular width of the 3-sigma error ellipse semi-minor
axis in POS. Units: ARCSECONDS.
Theta = Orientation angle of the error ellipse in POS; the
clockwise angle from the direction of increasing RA to
the semi-major axis of the error ellipse, in the
direction of increasing DEC. Units: DEGREES.
Area_3sig = Area of sky enclosed by the 3-sigma error ellipse.
Units: ARCSECONDS ^ 2.
'POS_3sigma' =
The Root-Sum-of-Squares (RSS) of the 3-standard deviation plane-of-sky
error ellipse major and minor semi-axes. This single pointing uncertainty
number gives an angular distance (a circular radius) from the targets'
nominal position in the sky that encompasses the error-ellipse.
Units: ARCSECONDS.
'RNG_3sigma RNGRT_3sig' =
Range and range rate (radial velocity) formal 3-standard-deviation
uncertainties. Units: KM, KM/S
'DOP_S_3sig DOP_X_3sig RT_delay_3sig' =
Doppler radar uncertainties at S-band (2380 MHz) and X-band (8560 MHz)
frequencies, along with the round-trip (total) delay to first-order.
Units: HERTZ and SECONDS
'Tru_Anom' =
Apparent true anomaly angle of the targets' heliocentric orbit position;
the angle in the targets' instantaneous orbit plane from the orbital periapse
direction to the target, measured positively in the direction of motion.
The position of the target is taken to be at the moment light seen by the
observer at print-time would have left the center of the object. That is,
the heliocentric position of the target used to compute the true anomaly is
one down-leg light-time prior to the print-time. Units: DEGREES
'L_Ap_Hour_Ang' =
Local apparent HOUR ANGLE of target at observing site. The angle between the
observers' meridian plane, containing Earth's axis of-date and local zenith
direction, and a great circle passing through Earth's axis-of-date and the
targets' direction, measured westward from the zenith meridian to target
meridian along the equator. Negative values are angular times UNTIL transit.
Positive values are angular times SINCE transit. Exactly 24_hrs/360_degrees.
EARTH TOPOCENTRIC ONLY. Units: sHH MM SS.fff (sexagesimal angular hours)
'phi PAB-LON PAB-LAT' =
"phi" is the true PHASE ANGLE at the observers' location at print time.
"PAB-LON" and "PAB-LAT" are the J2000 ecliptic longitude and latitude of the
phase angle bisector direction; the outward directed angle bisecting the arc
created by the apparent vector from Sun to target center and the astrometric
vector from observer to target center. For an otherwise uniform ellipsoid, the
time when its long-axis is perpendicular to the PAB direction approximately
corresponds to lightcurve maximum (or maximum brightness) of the body. PAB is
discussed in Harris et al., Icarus 57, 251-258 (1984).
Units: DEGREES, DEGREES, DEGREES
'App_Lon_Sun' =
The apparent target-centered longitude of the Sun ("apparent L_s") as seen at
the target when the light recorded by the observer at print-time reflected off
the target. It is referred to a coordinate system where the x-axis is the
equinox direction defined by the targets' instantaneous IAU2015 pole direction
and heliocentric orbit plane at reflection time, and is measured positively in
an eastward direction (counter-clockwise around the positive pole of the solar
system angular momentum vector). On bodies other than the Earth, the quantity
can indicate boundary dates for the seasons:
Northern hemisphere Southern hemisphere
0= Spring Equinox 0= Autumn Equinox
90= Summer Solstice 90= Winter Solstice
180= Autumn Equinox 180= Spring Equinox
270= Winter Solstice 270= Summer Solstice
For Earth seasons, instead see quantity #31 ("ObsEcLon") as seen from the
geocenter, with the Sun as a target.
If the target has no associated spin-pole model (common for asteroids and
comets), "n.a." will be output. Units: DEGREES
'RA_(ICRF-a-apparnt)_DEC' =
Airless apparent right ascension and declination coordinates of the
target in the ICRF reference frame, with down-leg light-time, gravitational
deflection of light, and stellar aberration.
Units:
RA : HH MM SS.ff{ffff} (hours-minutes-seconds of time)
DEC: DG MN SC.f{ffff} (degrees-minutes-seconds of arc)
'I_dRA*cosD I_d(DEC)/dt' =
The angular rate of change in the targets' ICRF inertial reference-frame
apparent RA and DEC, with light-time, gravitational light deflection, and
stellar aberrations. d(RA)/dt is multiplied by the cosine of declination to
provide a linear rate in the plane-of-sky. Units: ARCSECONDS PER HOUR
'Sky_motion Sky_mot_PA RelVel-ANG' =
Total apparent angular rate of the target in the plane-of-sky. "Sky_mot_PA"
is the position angle of the target's direction of motion in the plane-of-sky,
measured counter-clockwise from the apparent of-date north pole direction.
"RelVel-ANG" is the flight path angle of the target's relative motion with
respect to the observer's line-of-sight, in the range [-90,+90], where positive
values indicate motion away from the observer, negative values are toward the
observer:
-90 = target is moving directly toward the observer
0 = target is moving at right angles to the observer's line-of-sight
+90 = target is moving directly away from the observer
UNITS: ARCSECONDS/MINUTE, DEGREES, DEGREES
'Lun_Sky_Brt sky_SNR' =
Sky brightness due to moonlight scattered by Earth's atmosphere at the
target's position in the sky. "sky_SNR" is the visual signal-to-noise ratio
(SNR) of the target's surface brightness relative to background sky. Output
only for topocentric Earth observers when both the Moon and target are above
the local horizon and the Sun is in astronomical twilight (or further) below
the horizon, and the target is not the Moon or Sun. If all conditions are
not met, "n.a." is output. Galactic brightness, local sky light-pollution
and weather are NOT considered. Lunar opposition surge is considered. The
value returned is accurate under ideal conditions at the approximately 8-23%
level, so is a useful but not definitive value.
If the target-body radius is also known, "sky_SNR" is output. This is the
approximate visual signal-to-noise ratio of the target's brightness divided
by lunar sky brightness. When sky_SNR < 1, the target is dimmer than the
ideal moonlight-scattering background sky, so unlikely to be detectable at
visual wavelengths. In practice, visibility requires sky_SNR > 1 and a
detector sensitive enough to reach the target's magnitude, even if it isn't
washed out by moonlight. When relating magnitudes and brightness values,
keep in mind their logarithmic relationship m2-m1 = -2.5*log_10(b2/b1).
UNITS: VISUAL MAGNITUDES / ARCSECOND^2, and unitless ratio
'UT1-UTC' =
Difference between the UT1 and UTC timescales ("DUT1"). UT1 is the
Earth-rotation dependent mean solar time on the Greenwich meridian sometimes
referred to as GMT. UTC is a discontinuous timescale derived from the atomic
TAI timescale, adjusted by leap seconds to provide a civil timescale
maintained within 0.9 seconds of UT1. Therefore, the difference UT1-UTC will
have discontinuities where leap-seconds are inserted in UTC. UTC is not
well-defined prior to 1962, so "n.a." will be returned for earlier dates.
The UT1 here is a JPL fit to measurements of the Earth rotation which can
change rapidly and unpredictably at the 10^-4 second level due to tides and
other factors affecting Earth rotation. Values for the 14 days prior to the
present date are considered provisional and may change at up to the 0.002
second level as data accumulates, corresponding to about 1-meter (3-sigma)
for an Earth equatorial site. Values from the present date forward through
the next ~78 days are predictions. Beyond that prediction interval, the last
prediction is taken as a constant for all future dates. Units: SECONDS
Computations by ...
Solar System Dynamics Group, Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System
4800 Oak Grove Drive, Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
General site: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/
Mailing list: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/email_list.html
System news : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/news.html
User Guide : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/manual.html
Connect : browser https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/app.html#/x
API https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/doc/horizons.html
command-line telnet ssd.jpl.nasa.gov 6775
e-mail/batch https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/hrzn_batch.txt
scripts https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/SCRIPTS
Author : Jon.D.Giorgini@jpl.nasa.gov
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!$$SOF
command = -143205