******************************************************************************* Revised: June 21, 2016 Mars 499 / 4 PHYSICAL DATA (updated 2019-Oct-29): Vol. mean radius (km) = 3389.92+-0.04 Density (g/cm^3) = 3.933(5+-4) Mass x10^23 (kg) = 6.4171 Flattening, f = 1/169.779 Volume (x10^10 km^3) = 16.318 Equatorial radius (km)= 3396.19 Sidereal rot. period = 24.622962 hr Sid. rot. rate, rad/s = 0.0000708822 Mean solar day (sol) = 88775.24415 s Polar gravity m/s^2 = 3.758 Core radius (km) = ~1700 Equ. gravity m/s^2 = 3.71 Geometric Albedo = 0.150 GM (km^3/s^2) = 42828.375214 Mass ratio (Sun/Mars) = 3098703.59 GM 1-sigma (km^3/s^2) = +- 0.00028 Mass of atmosphere, kg= ~ 2.5 x 10^16 Mean temperature (K) = 210 Atmos. pressure (bar) = 0.0056 Obliquity to orbit = 25.19 deg Max. angular diam. = 17.9" Mean sidereal orb per = 1.88081578 y Visual mag. V(1,0) = -1.52 Mean sidereal orb per = 686.98 d Orbital speed, km/s = 24.13 Hill's sphere rad. Rp = 319.8 Escape speed, km/s = 5.027 Perihelion Aphelion Mean Solar Constant (W/m^2) 717 493 589 Maximum Planetary IR (W/m^2) 470 315 390 Minimum Planetary IR (W/m^2) 30 30 30 ******************************************************************************* ******************************************************************************* Ephemeris / WWW_USER Fri Apr 19 14:12:46 2024 Pasadena, USA / Horizons ******************************************************************************* Target body name: Mars (499) {source: mar097} Center body name: Earth (399) {source: DE441} Center-site name: GEOCENTRIC ******************************************************************************* Start time : A.D. 2020-Oct-11 00:00:00.0000 UT Stop time : A.D. 2025-Oct-12 00:00:00.0000 UT Step-size : 1 calendar month ******************************************************************************* Target pole/equ : IAU_MARS {West-longitude positive} Target radii : 3396.19, 3396.19, 3376.2 km {Equator_a, b, pole_c} Center geodetic : 0.0, 0.0, -6378.137 {E-lon(deg),Lat(deg),Alt(km)} Center cylindric: 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 {E-lon(deg),Dxy(km),Dz(km)} Center pole/equ : ITRF93 {East-longitude positive} Center radii : 6378.137, 6378.137, 6356.752 km {Equator_a, b, pole_c} Target primary : Sun Vis. interferer : MOON (R_eq= 1737.400) km {source: DE441} Rel. light bend : Sun {source: DE441} Rel. lght bnd GM: 1.3271E+11 km^3/s^2 Atmos refraction: NO (AIRLESS) RA format : HMS Time format : CAL Calendar mode : Mixed Julian/Gregorian EOP file : eop.240418.p240712 EOP coverage : DATA-BASED 1962-JAN-20 TO 2024-APR-18. PREDICTS-> 2024-JUL-11 Units conversion: 1 au= 149597870.700 km, c= 299792.458 km/s, 1 day= 86400.0 s Table cut-offs 1: Elevation (-90.0deg=NO ),Airmass (>38.000=NO), Daylight (NO ) Table cut-offs 2: Solar elongation ( 0.0,180.0=NO ),Local Hour Angle( 0.0=NO ) Table cut-offs 3: RA/DEC angular rate ( 0.0=NO ) Table format : Comma Separated Values (spreadsheet) *************************************************************************************************************************** Date__(UT)__HR:MN, , , R.A._(ICRF), DEC__(ICRF), APmag, S-brt, delta, deldot, S-O-T,/r, S-T-O, *************************************************************************************************************************** $$SOE 2020-Oct-11 00:00, , , 01 25 09.21, +05 31 03.0, -2.636, 3.860, 0.41643785475279, 1.2093448, 174.9693,/L, 3.5524, 2020-Nov-11 00:00, , , 00 56 56.80, +04 54 27.4, -1.690, 4.309, 0.51362404534540, 9.2366681, 146.2294,/T, 22.3764, 2020-Dec-11 00:00, , , 01 10 41.70, +07 51 03.1, -0.782, 4.428, 0.71836059314880, 13.8880009, 120.1796,/T, 35.0484, 2021-Jan-11 00:00, , , 01 56 18.19, +13 00 35.2, -0.036, 4.448, 0.99073721599276, 16.2330847, 100.9211,/T, 39.3626, 2021-Feb-11 00:00, , , 02 59 20.68, +18 24 40.6, 0.518, 4.432, 1.29006560594948, 16.9997694, 85.5174,/T, 39.0472, 2021-Mar-11 00:00, , , 04 05 35.17, +22 19 42.4, 0.987, 4.499, 1.56319888455058, 16.6553333, 73.3688,/T, 36.6561, 2021-Apr-11 00:00, , , 05 25 28.07, +24 40 41.8, 1.426, 4.595, 1.85080506964625, 15.3461045, 61.1309,/T, 32.6979, 2021-May-11 00:00, , , 06 45 33.10, +24 27 05.5, 1.630, 4.548, 2.10009963296353, 13.3443160, 50.1301,/T, 28.0842, 2021-Jun-11 00:00, , , 08 07 14.73, +21 34 39.9, 1.774, 4.502, 2.31600378344966, 10.7058006, 39.3626,/T, 22.8131, 2021-Jul-11 00:00, , , 09 22 59.95, +16 35 44.7, 1.747, 4.347, 2.47637017470186, 7.7613045, 29.3102,/T, 17.3825, 2021-Aug-11 00:00, , , 10 37 46.42, +09 46 13.4, 1.756, 4.276, 2.58602440658569, 4.4559516, 19.1118,/T, 11.5201, 2021-Sep-11 00:00, , , 11 50 46.19, +01 55 12.8, 1.681, 4.168, 2.63532657202852, 1.0356193, 8.9655,/T, 5.4634, 2021-Oct-11 00:00, , , 13 02 25.28, -05 58 09.8, 1.559, 4.058, 2.62506531175751, -2.2130666, 1.1254,/L, 0.6894, 2021-Nov-11 00:00, , , 14 20 41.02, -13 37 27.8, 1.607, 4.159, 2.55746149808608, -5.2928406, 11.1244,/L, 6.8675, 2021-Dec-11 00:00, , , 15 43 08.42, -19 37 45.2, 1.586, 4.227, 2.44361502354404, -7.7690973, 20.8339,/L, 12.9477, 2022-Jan-11 00:00, , , 17 16 08.63, -23 17 53.5, 1.441, 4.209, 2.28717645631838, -9.5847859, 30.4858,/L, 19.1134, 2022-Feb-11 00:00, , , 18 54 23.50, -23 27 45.5, 1.374, 4.300, 2.10592865452127,-10.5278511, 39.4735,/L, 25.0209, 2022-Mar-11 00:00, , , 20 23 05.05, -20 21 51.3, 1.248, 4.335, 1.93373194192239,-10.6814916, 46.8586,/L, 30.0146, 2022-Apr-11 00:00, , , 21 57 04.34, -13 54 09.2, 1.009, 4.290, 1.74544756155724,-10.2900926, 54.2242,/L, 35.0296, 2022-May-11 00:00, , , 23 22 56.58, -05 45 01.8, 0.807, 4.288, 1.57231222379392, -9.6944573, 60.7835,/L, 39.2341, 2022-Jun-11 00:00, , , 00 47 59.09, +03 12 05.3, 0.536, 4.239, 1.40338402741501, -9.2260110, 67.5070,/L, 42.7460, 2022-Jul-11 00:00, , , 02 08 17.73, +11 03 15.5, 0.317, 4.263, 1.24454740034154, -9.1743548, 74.7166,/L, 45.1214, 2022-Aug-11 00:00, , , 03 28 26.26, +17 14 44.1, 0.074, 4.327, 1.07717307202035, -9.5674932, 83.9535,/L, 46.0887, 2022-Sep-11 00:00, , , 04 39 56.25, +21 01 30.9, -0.255, 4.399, 0.90079801615526,-10.0740115, 96.5749,/L, 44.5513, 2022-Oct-11 00:00, , , 05 28 27.72, +22 54 19.9, -0.726, 4.436, 0.72710164318515, -9.6657850, 114.6005,/L, 38.4669, 2022-Nov-11 00:00, , , 05 35 09.66, +24 18 36.3, -1.458, 4.275, 0.58059674161607, -5.7962947, 143.8913,/L, 22.9154, 2022-Dec-11 00:00, , , 04 52 29.35, +24 56 22.3, -1.943, 3.933, 0.55429389832482, 3.4487511, 175.4622,/T, 2.9014, 2023-Jan-11 00:00, , , 04 22 11.50, +24 24 53.9, -0.918, 4.388, 0.70373389760556, 12.4194953, 137.6019,/T, 24.8752, 2023-Feb-11 00:00, , , 04 42 39.06, +24 52 43.5, 0.017, 4.579, 0.96850258096054, 16.4391063, 110.8240,/T, 34.9557, 2023-Mar-11 00:00, , , 05 28 53.31, +25 32 36.0, 0.638, 4.641, 1.24436854029566, 17.3510984, 93.1577,/T, 37.3534, 2023-Apr-11 00:00, , , 06 35 14.50, +25 09 23.6, 1.058, 4.589, 1.55127013279377, 16.6927713, 77.4530,/T, 36.2498, 2023-May-11 00:00, , , 07 45 45.74, +22 54 29.7, 1.366, 4.559, 1.82714996566420, 15.0140069, 64.4913,/T, 33.2050, 2023-Jun-11 00:00, , , 08 59 39.04, +18 30 15.9, 1.612, 4.551, 2.07508027968011, 12.5968233, 52.5296,/T, 28.9357, 2023-Jul-11 00:00, , , 10 09 55.01, +12 30 47.9, 1.744, 4.510, 2.26977479519126, 9.8419580, 41.8492,/T, 24.1537, 2023-Aug-11 00:00, , , 11 21 28.46, +05 03 07.1, 1.772, 4.419, 2.41848608991351, 6.7649619, 31.3990,/T, 18.7785, 2023-Sep-11 00:00, , , 12 33 56.95, -03 03 59.0, 1.691, 4.272, 2.51128354591614, 3.6253766, 21.3169,/T, 13.0993, 2023-Oct-11 00:00, , , 13 47 46.30, -10 49 57.5, 1.504, 4.063, 2.54829585980801, 0.6983288, 11.7954,/T, 7.4052, 2023-Nov-11 00:00, , , 15 10 57.80, -17 49 56.3, 1.376, 3.950, 2.53573259115445, -2.0187520, 2.1973,/T, 1.4078, 2023-Dec-11 00:00, , , 16 39 59.60, -22 30 33.3, 1.381, 4.002, 2.48136408364244, -4.1528497, 6.7626,/L, 4.4098, 2024-Jan-11 00:00, , , 18 19 24.47, -24 00 30.2, 1.409, 4.101, 2.39216448810493, -5.6882148, 15.4853,/L, 10.3024, 2024-Feb-11 00:00, , , 20 00 54.53, -21 28 29.1, 1.321, 4.103, 2.28215735869430, -6.4931884, 23.4846,/L, 15.9381, 2024-Mar-11 00:00, , , 21 32 27.76, -15 46 16.4, 1.230, 4.105, 2.17127250490120, -6.6923581, 30.2476,/L, 20.8622, 2024-Apr-11 00:00, , , 23 04 40.57, -07 16 17.8, 1.052, 4.030, 2.05224094216155, -6.5977849, 36.8257,/L, 25.6655, 2024-May-11 00:00, , , 00 29 57.99, +01 52 25.0, 1.135, 4.217, 1.93892260620847, -6.5391433, 42.8609,/L, 29.8219, 2024-Jun-11 00:00, , , 01 57 04.40, +10 46 43.3, 1.097, 4.296, 1.82011735765005, -6.8354978, 49.2421,/L, 33.6103, 2024-Jul-11 00:00, , , 03 22 19.77, +17 38 20.6, 1.077, 4.412, 1.69563757304642, -7.6465663, 56.1065,/L, 36.7851, 2024-Aug-11 00:00, , , 04 50 35.90, +22 01 52.9, 0.934, 4.450, 1.54727064089477, -9.0255705, 64.5379,/L, 39.4648, 2024-Sep-11 00:00, , , 06 14 34.61, +23 29 20.4, 0.647, 4.414, 1.37067089984741,-10.7364750, 75.0722,/L, 41.1978, 2024-Oct-11 00:00, , , 07 25 05.90, +22 46 57.5, 0.285, 4.394, 1.17097067879120,-12.2329931, 88.2789,/L, 41.1742, 2024-Nov-11 00:00, , , 08 17 52.19, +21 27 10.1, -0.135, 4.462, 0.94563538088104,-12.6006986, 106.9299,/L, 37.5115, 2024-Dec-11 00:00, , , 08 35 29.15, +21 45 18.6, -0.705, 4.469, 0.74503712267067, -9.7498334, 133.2957,/L, 26.7779, 2025-Jan-11 00:00, , , 08 03 35.72, +24 41 51.0, -1.369, 4.184, 0.64254677532511, -0.5972155, 171.6326,/L, 5.0650, 2025-Feb-11 00:00, , , 07 19 20.92, +26 16 42.9, -0.827, 4.405, 0.73466234321863, 10.2438744, 145.4025,/T, 19.9088, 2025-Mar-11 00:00, , , 07 19 41.44, +25 26 48.1, -0.081, 4.548, 0.94648852373206, 15.1478233, 117.5945,/T, 32.0380, 2025-Apr-11 00:00, , , 07 57 20.76, +23 10 13.4, 0.613, 4.639, 1.23371364477449, 16.4172939, 95.7881,/T, 36.7533, 2025-May-11 00:00, , , 08 51 43.49, +19 29 09.3, 1.088, 4.671, 1.51310133786204, 15.5808664, 79.7674,/T, 36.6896, 2025-Jun-11 00:00, , , 09 55 16.11, +14 01 53.5, 1.363, 4.612, 1.77612005287158, 13.6517369, 66.1377,/T, 34.2139, 2025-Jul-11 00:00, , , 10 59 40.62, +07 23 20.6, 1.466, 4.485, 1.99258269977232, 11.2565014, 54.6570,/T, 30.5550, 2025-Aug-11 00:00, , , 12 08 42.63, -00 24 16.2, 1.532, 4.387, 2.17017293841132, 8.5485960, 43.9161,/T, 26.0177, 2025-Sep-11 00:00, , , 13 21 57.05, -08 28 40.6, 1.572, 4.322, 2.29876583396560, 5.8276692, 33.9324,/T, 21.0071, 2025-Oct-11 00:00, , , 14 39 28.03, -15 43 14.6, 1.584, 4.277, 2.37793318929620, 3.3593113, 24.7903,/T, 15.8802, $$EOE *************************************************************************************************************************** Column meaning: TIME Times PRIOR to 1962 are UT1, a mean-solar time closely related to the prior but now-deprecated GMT. Times AFTER 1962 are in UTC, the current civil or "wall-clock" time-scale. UTC is kept within 0.9 seconds of UT1 using integer leap-seconds for 1972 and later years. Conversion from the internal Barycentric Dynamical Time (TDB) of solar system dynamics to the non-uniform civil UT time-scale requested for output has not been determined for UTC times after the next July or January 1st. Therefore, the last known leap-second is used as a constant over future intervals. Time tags refer to the UT time-scale conversion from TDB on Earth regardless of observer location within the solar system, although clock rates may differ due to the local gravity field and no analog to "UT" may be defined for that location. Any 'b' symbol in the 1st-column denotes a B.C. date. First-column blank (" ") denotes an A.D. date. CALENDAR SYSTEM Mixed calendar mode was active such that calendar dates after AD 1582-Oct-15 (if any) are in the modern Gregorian system. Dates prior to 1582-Oct-5 (if any) are in the Julian calendar system, which is automatically extended for dates prior to its adoption on 45-Jan-1 BC. The Julian calendar is useful for matching historical dates. The Gregorian calendar more accurately corresponds to the Earth's orbital motion and seasons. A "Gregorian-only" calendar mode is available if such physical events are the primary interest. NOTE: "n.a." in output means quantity "not available" at the print-time. 'R.A._(ICRF), DEC__(ICRF),' = Astrometric right ascension and declination of the target center with respect to the observing site (coordinate origin) in the reference frame of the planetary ephemeris (ICRF). Compensated for down-leg light-time delay aberration. Units: RA in hours-minutes-seconds of time, HH MM SS.ff{ffff} DEC in degrees-minutes-seconds of arc, sDD MN SC.f{ffff} 'APmag, S-brt,' = The targets' approximate apparent visual magnitude and surface brightness. For planets and natural satellites, output is restricted to solar phase angles covered by observational data. Outside the observed phase angle range, "n.a." may be output to avoid extrapolation beyond the limit of model validity. For Earth-based observers, the estimated dimming due to atmospheric absorption (extinction) is available as a separate, requestable quantity. Surface brightness is the average airless visual magnitude of a square-arcsecond of the illuminated portion of the apparent disk. It is computed only if the target radius is known. Units: MAGNITUDES & MAGNITUDES PER SQUARE ARCSECOND 'delta, deldot,' = Apparent range ("delta", light-time aberrated) and range-rate ("delta-dot") of the target center relative to the observer. A positive "deldot" means the target center is moving away from the observer, negative indicates movement toward the observer. Units: AU and KM/S 'S-O-T,/r,' = Sun-Observer-Target apparent SOLAR ELONGATION ANGLE seen from the observers' location at print-time. The '/r' column provides a code indicating the targets' apparent position relative to the Sun in the observers' sky, as described below: Case A: For an observing location on the surface of a rotating body, that body rotational sense is considered: /T indicates target TRAILS Sun (evening sky: rises and sets AFTER Sun) /L indicates target LEADS Sun (morning sky: rises and sets BEFORE Sun) Case B: For an observing point that does not have a rotational model (such as a spacecraft), the "leading" and "trailing" condition is defined by the observers' heliocentric ORBITAL motion: * If continuing in the observers' current direction of heliocentric motion would encounter the targets' apparent longitude first, followed by the Sun's, the target LEADS the Sun as seen by the observer. * If the Sun's apparent longitude would be encountered first, followed by the targets', the target TRAILS the Sun. Two other codes can be output: /* indicates observer is Sun-centered (undefined) /? Target is aligned with Sun center (no lead or trail) The S-O-T solar elongation angle is numerically the minimum separation angle of the Sun and target in the sky in any direction. It does NOT indicate the amount of separation in the leading or trailing directions, which would be defined along the equator of a spherical coordinate system. Units: DEGREES 'S-T-O,' = The Sun-Target-Observer angle; the interior vertex angle at target center formed by a vector from the target to the apparent center of the Sun (at reflection time on the target) and the apparent vector from target to the observer at print-time. Slightly different from true PHASE ANGLE (requestable separately) at the few arcsecond level in that it includes stellar aberration on the down-leg from target to observer. Units: DEGREES Computations by ... Solar System Dynamics Group, Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Pasadena, CA 91109 USA General site: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ Mailing list: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/email_list.html System news : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/news.html User Guide : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/manual.html Connect : browser https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/app.html#/x API https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/doc/horizons.html command-line telnet ssd.jpl.nasa.gov 6775 e-mail/batch https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/hrzn_batch.txt scripts https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/SCRIPTS Author : Jon.D.Giorgini@jpl.nasa.gov *************************************************************************************************************************** !$$SOF COMMAND = 499 MAKE_EPHEM = YES TABLE_TYPE = OBSERVER START_TIME = 2020-10-11 STOP_TIME = 2025-10-12 STEP_SIZE = 1MO QUANTITIES = '1,9,20,23,24' CSV_FORMAT = YES