******************************************************************************* Revised: July 31, 2013 Sun 10 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES (updated 2024-Mar-04): GM, km^3/s^2 = 132712440041.93938 Mass, 10^24 kg = ~1988500 Vol. mean radius, km = 695700 Volume, 10^12 km^3 = 1412000 Solar radius (IAU2015)= 695700 km Mean density, g/cm^3 = 1.408 Radius (photosphere) = 696500 km Angular diam at 1 AU = 1919.3" Photosphere temp., K = 6600 (bottom) Photosphere temp., K = 4400(top) Photospheric depth = ~500 km Chromospheric depth = ~2500 km Flatness, f = 0.00005 Adopted sid. rot. per.= 25.38 d Surface gravity = 274.0 m/s^2 Escape speed, km/s = 617.7 Pole (RA,DEC), deg. = (286.13, 63.87) Obliquity to ecliptic = 7.25 deg. Solar constant (1 AU) = 1367.6 W/m^2 Luminosity, 10^24 J/s = 382.8 Mass-energy conv rate = 4.260 x 10^9 kg/s Effective temp, K = 5772 Sunspot cycle = 11.4 yr Cycle 24 sunspot min. = 2008 A.D. Motion relative to nearby stars = apex : R.A.= 271 deg.; DEC.= +30 deg. speed: 19.4 km/s (0.0112 au/day) Motion relative to 2.73K BB/CBR = apex : l= 264.7 +- 0.8; b= 48.2 +- 0.5 deg. speed: 369 +-11 km/s ******************************************************************************* ******************************************************************************* Ephemeris / WWW_USER Fri Mar 29 04:11:09 2024 Pasadena, USA / Horizons ******************************************************************************* Target body name: Sun (10) {source: DE441} Center body name: Moon (301) {source: DE441} Center-site name: (user defined site below) ******************************************************************************* Start time : A.D. 2020-Nov-20 10:42:00.0000 UT Stop time : A.D. 2020-Dec-12 10:42:00.0000 UT Step-size : 1 minutes ******************************************************************************* Target pole/equ : IAU_SUN {East-longitude positive} Target radii : 695700.0, 695700.0, 695700.0 km {Equator_a, b, pole_c} Center geodetic : 312.0, 42.0, 3.34096E-13 {E-lon(deg),Lat(deg),Alt(km)} Center cylindric: 312.0, 1291.13982, 1162.54752 {E-lon(deg),Dxy(km),Dz(km)} Center pole/equ : MEAN_ME (high precision) {East-longitude positive} Center radii : 1737.4, 1737.4, 1737.4 km {Equator_a, b, pole_c} Target primary : Sun Vis. interferer : EARTH (R_eq= 6378.137) km {source: DE441} Rel. light bend : Sun, EARTH {source: DE441} Rel. lght bnd GM: 1.3271E+11, 3.9860E+05 km^3/s^2 Atmos refraction: NO (AIRLESS) RA format : DEG Time format : CAL Calendar mode : Mixed Julian/Gregorian RTS-only print : TVH RTS elevation : 0. degrees EOP file : eop.240328.p240621 EOP coverage : DATA-BASED 1962-JAN-20 TO 2024-MAR-28. PREDICTS-> 2024-JUN-20 Units conversion: 1 au= 149597870.700 km, c= 299792.458 km/s, 1 day= 86400.0 s Table format : Comma Separated Values (spreadsheet) ******************************************************************************* Date__(UT)__HR:MN, , ,Azimuth_(a-app), Elevation_(a-app), ********************************************************** $$SOE 2020-Nov-26 15:25,*,r, 89.161721843, -0.265396088, 2020-Dec-04 02:53,*,t, 180.008445042, 48.223428247, 2020-Dec-11 13:10, ,s, 270.220356844, -0.272281029, $$EOE ******************************************************************************* Column meaning: TIME Times PRIOR to 1962 are UT1, a mean-solar time closely related to the prior but now-deprecated GMT. Times AFTER 1962 are in UTC, the current civil or "wall-clock" time-scale. UTC is kept within 0.9 seconds of UT1 using integer leap-seconds for 1972 and later years. Conversion from the internal Barycentric Dynamical Time (TDB) of solar system dynamics to the non-uniform civil UT time-scale requested for output has not been determined for UTC times after the next July or January 1st. Therefore, the last known leap-second is used as a constant over future intervals. Time tags refer to the UT time-scale conversion from TDB on Earth regardless of observer location within the solar system, although clock rates may differ due to the local gravity field and no analog to "UT" may be defined for that location. Any 'b' symbol in the 1st-column denotes a B.C. date. First-column blank (" ") denotes an A.D. date. CALENDAR SYSTEM Mixed calendar mode was active such that calendar dates after AD 1582-Oct-15 (if any) are in the modern Gregorian system. Dates prior to 1582-Oct-5 (if any) are in the Julian calendar system, which is automatically extended for dates prior to its adoption on 45-Jan-1 BC. The Julian calendar is useful for matching historical dates. The Gregorian calendar more accurately corresponds to the Earth's orbital motion and seasons. A "Gregorian-only" calendar mode is available if such physical events are the primary interest. NOTE: "n.a." in output means quantity "not available" at the print-time. SOLAR PRESENCE (OBSERVING SITE) Time tag is followed by a blank, then a solar-presence symbol: '*' Daylight (solar upper-limb on or above apparent horizon) ' ' Night OR geocentric ephemeris INTEFERING BODY PRESENCE WITH TARGET RISE/TRANSIT/SET MARKER (OBSERVING SITE) The solar-presence symbol is immediately followed by an "interfering body" presence OR target rise/transit/set symbol. 'i' Upper-limb of interfering body on or above apparent horizon ' ' Upper-limb of interfering body below apparent horizon OR body centered ephemeris 'r' Rise (target body on or above cut-off RTS elevation) 'e' Elevation max (target body maximum elevation angle has occurred) 't' Transit (target body at or past local maximum RTS elevation) 's' Set (target body on or below cut-off RTS elevation) An "interfering body" is the largest other body in the immediate planet/satellite system, potentially compromising visual observations due to its brightness. Any such body is identified in the print-out header. RTS MARKERS (TVH) Rise and set are with respect to the reference ellipsoid true visual horizon defined by the elevation cut-off angle. Horizon dip and yellow-light refraction (Earth only) are considered. Accuracy is < or = to twice the requested search step-size. 'Azimuth_(a-app), Elevation_(a-app),' = Airless apparent azimuth and elevation of target center. Compensated for light-time, the gravitational deflection of light, stellar aberration, precession and nutation. Azimuth is measured clockwise from north: North(0) -> East(90) -> South(180) -> West(270) -> North (360) Elevation angle is with respect to a plane perpendicular to the reference surface local zenith direction. TOPOCENTRIC ONLY. Units: DEGREES Computations by ... Solar System Dynamics Group, Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Pasadena, CA 91109 USA General site: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ Mailing list: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/email_list.html System news : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/news.html User Guide : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/manual.html Connect : browser https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/app.html#/x API https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/doc/horizons.html command-line telnet ssd.jpl.nasa.gov 6775 e-mail/batch https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/hrzn_batch.txt scripts https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/SCRIPTS Author : Jon.D.Giorgini@jpl.nasa.gov ******************************************************************************* !$$SOF COMMAND = 'Sun' CENTER = 'coord@301' OBJ_DATA = 'yes' MAKE_EPHEM = 'yes' TABLE_TYPE = 'OBSERVER' REF_PLANE = 'ECLIPTIC' COORD_TYPE = 'GEODETIC' SITE_COORD = '-48,42,0' START_TIME = '2020/11/20 10:42' STOP_TIME = '2020/12/12 10:42' STEP_SIZE = '1m' QUANTITIES = '4' FIXED_QUANTITIES = 'Custom' REF_SYSTEM = 'J2000' OUT_UNITS = 'KM-S' VECT_TABLE = '3' VECT_CORR = 'NONE' CAL_FORMAT = 'CAL' ANG_FORMAT = 'DEG' APPARENT = 'AIRLESS' TIME_TYPE = 'UTC' TIME_DIGITS = 'MINUTES' RANGE_UNITS = 'AU' SUPPRESS_RANGE_RATE = 'no' SKIP_DAYLT = 'no' EXTRA_PREC = 'yes' CSV_FORMAT = 'yes' VEC_LABELS = 'yes' ELM_LABELS = 'yes' TP_TYPE = 'ABSOLUTE' R_T_S_ONLY = 'YES' CA_TABLE_TYPE = 'STANDARD'