******************************************************************************* Revised: Oct 23, 2023 OSIRIS-REx/APEX Spacecraft / (Sun) -64 http://www.asteroidmission.org https://directory.eoportal.org/web/eoportal/satellite-missions/o/osiris-rex http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/osiris-rex_press_kit_0.pdf NOTE: 2024-Apr-19 A preliminary extension from 2026 through Apophis encounter has been added. There is large jump at the 2026 merge right now. 2023-Sep-18 The OSIRIS-REx project indicates the June 1 trajectory remains accurate, no update prior to flyby is expected. 2022-Apr-25 Mission was approved for 18-month Apophis rendevous, to be renamed "OSIRIS-APEX" 2017-Sep-22 Earth gravity-assist flyby: Closest-approach is nominally at 16:51:46 UTC, 23592 km from Earth center, over 271.89346 deg. E, -74.80121 deg. (South). This is over Antarctica, south of the tip of South America, about 420 km north of Vinson Massif, the highest point in Antarctica. BACKGROUND OSIRIS-REx ("Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security-Regolith Explorer") explored 101955 Bennu (1999 RQ36), a carbonaceous B-type asteroid whose regolith may provide insights on the early history of the solar system. After the sample was returned to Earth, in 2023, the mission was retargeted to encounter asteroid Apophis in 2029 and renamed OSIRIS-APEX ("APophis EXplorer"). MISSION EVENT SUMMARY (UTC) 2016 Sep 08 23:05 Launch from Cape Canaveral; daily 120 minutes windows from Sep 8 - Oct 12. Atlas V w/Centaur upper stage. 2017 Sep 22 16:52 Earth flyby and gravity assist 23,592 km from geocenter over {-74.80121 deg. S, 271.89346 deg. E} 2018 Aug Bennu approach phase Oct Rendevous with asteroid Nov Estimate mass, shape, and spin state models Dec 3 Proximity ops began 2019 Jan Begin detailed mapping; identify candidate sample sites May Sorties to examine 4 candidate sample sites Oct Fly over candidate sample sites 2020 Apr First sample-collection rehearsal Aug Second sample-collection rehearsal Oct 20 Collect sample > 60 grams 2021 May 10 Start return cruise and transport sample back to Earth 2023 Sep 24 Sample Return Capsule (SRC) recovery on Earth 2023 Oct 24 Retargeting maneuver for Apophis (OSIRIS-APEX) MISSION OBJECTIVES * Map the asteroid * Return and analyze a sample of Bennu's surface * Document the sample site * Measure the orbit deviation caused by small non-gravitational forces * Compare observations made at the asteroid to ground-based observations SPACECRAFT PHYSICAL DATA: Length : 20.25 ft (6.2 m) with solar panels deployed Width : 8 ft (2.4 m) x 8 ft (2.4 m) Height : 10.33 ft (3.2 m) TAGSAM Length : 11 ft (3.4 m) ("Touch-and-Go Camera System") Dry mass (unfueled): 1,940 lbs (880 kg) Wet mass (fueled) : 4,650 lbs (2,110 kg) Power : Two solar panels 91 ft^2 (8.5 m^2) generate 1226 to 3000 watts, depending on distance from the Sun SPACECRAFT TRAJECTORY Updated as the mission progresses. NOTE: To generate ephemerides OF destination asteroid Bennu as a target using the final reconstructed solution (Farnocchia et al, 2021), look-up with integer code "2101955" (NO semi-colon). To instead use asteroid Bennu as an observing point (produce ephemerides relative TO Bennu), set the coordinate center to "@ 2101955". Similarly, the Sample Return Capsule can be accessed as object '-64090', Apophis mission trajectory as object '2099942' Trajectory name Start (TDB) Stop (TDB) ---------------------------------------------- ----------- ----------- orx_160908_231024_pgaa3_day06m60_v1 2016-Sep-08 2016-Sep-09 orx_160909_171201_170830_od023_v1 2016-Sep-09 2017-May-01 orx_170501_180710_171005_od027_v1 2017-May-01 2017-Sep-23 orx_170923_180710_180125_od030_v1 2017-Sep-23 2018-Mar-01 orx_180801_190302_181218_od077-N-M1A-L-M0D_v1 2018-Aug-01 2018-Dec-03 orx_181203_190302_190104_od085-N-M0D-P_v1 2018-Dec-03 2019-Dec-31 orx_181231_190305_190215_od099-N-M0D-P-M1D_v1 2019-Dec-31 2019-Feb-01 orx_190201_190327_190315_od110-N-M5D-L-M7D_v1 2019-Feb-01 2019-Feb-22 orx_190222_190403_190318_od111-N-M6D-L-M9D_v1 2019-Feb-22 2019-Mar-01 orx_190301_190410_190329_od117-N-M9D-L-M11D_v1 2019-Mar-01 2019-Apr-01 orx_190401_190522_190508_od137-N-M21D-P-M23D_v1 2019-Apr-01 2019-Apr-26 orx_190426_190605_190522_od143-N-M25D-P-M27D_v1 2019-Apr-26 2019-May-11 orx_190511_190619_190603_od148-N-M28D-L-M3B_v1 2019-May-11 2019-May-21 orx_190521_190625_190613_od153-N_v1 2019-May-21 2019-Jun-01 orx_190601_191001_190614_od154-R-M4B-P-M2C_v1 2019-Jun-01 2019-Jun-12 orx_190612_190917_190730_od170-N-M1C-P-M2C_v1 2019-Jun-12 2019-Jul-12 orx_190712_190917_190814_od175-N_v1 2019-Jul-12 2019-Aug-09 orx_190809_191015_191004_od187-N-M2R-L-M5R_v1 2019-Aug-09 2019-Sep-03 orx_190903_191022_191009_od189-N-M4R-L-M8R_v1 2019-Sep-03 2019-Sep-15 orx_191001_191105_191021_od194-N-M9R-L-M13R_v1 2019-Oct-01 2019-Oct-15 orx_191015_191112_191030_od198-N-M13R-L_v1 2019-Oct-15 2019-Oct-27 orx_191027_200101_191104_od200-N_v1 2019-Oct-27 2019-Nov-01 orx_191101_200225_200214_od223-N_v1 2019-Nov-01 2020-Jan-27 orx_200127_200324_200311_od232-N-TR1T2-L_v1 2020-Jan-27 2020-Feb-26 orx_200226_200324_200313_od233-N_v1 2020-Feb-26 2020-Mar-05 orx_200305_200421_200410_od239-N-TR1P2-L_v1 2020-Mar-05 2020-Apr-01 orx_200401_200418_200418_od242-N_cprecon_v1 2020-Apr-01 2020-Apr-14 orx_200414_200519_200504_od248-N_v1 2020-Apr-14 2020-Apr-30 orx_200430_200714_200701_od263-N-K2SO-P-BB8_v1 2020-Apr-30 2020-Jun-16 orx_200616_200811_200727_od269-N_v1 2020-Jun-16 2020-Jul-13 orx_200713_200825_200810_od273-N-TR2D-L-TR2R2_v1 2020-Jul-13 2020-Aug-11 orx_200811_200908_200828_od280-N_v1 2020-Aug-11 2020-Aug-27 orx_200827_201020_201020_od294-N_tag_v1 2020-Aug-27 2020-Oct-20 orx_200827_201103_201019_od292-N-T1D-L-T1R1_v1 2020-Oct-20 2020-Oct-20 orx_201020_210601_201109_od295-R_v1 2020-Oct-20 2021-Jan-01 orx_210101_210330_210310_od302-N-PTO3-P-PTO4_v1 2021-Jan-01 2021-Jan-15 orx_210115_210701_210426_od310-N-ADM-P_v1 2021-Jan-15 2021-Apr-08 orx_210408_210701_210517_od313-N-ADMA-F_v1 2021-Apr-08 2021-Apr-24 64_pred_20210424_20231001_od317_v0.1 2021-Apr-24 2021-Nov-01 orx_211101_231025_220519_od326-N-C22L1-F-TCM9_v1 2021-Nov-01 2023-Oct-25 orx_220401_240801_220825_od333-R-TCM9-P-DB1_v1 2022-Apr-01 2022-Sep-22 orx_220922_260101_230216_od348-R-TCM10-P-DSM3_v2 2022-Sep-22 2023-Oct-23 orx_231023_260401_231016_od385-R-TCM14-F-DSM3_v1 2023-Oct-23 2026-Mar-31 orx_220401_300301_od331-R-APEx_v1 2026-Mar-31 2030-Feb-28 ******************************************************************************* ******************************************************************************* Ephemeris / WWW_USER Fri Apr 26 05:14:12 2024 Pasadena, USA / Horizons ******************************************************************************* Target body name: OSIRIS-REx (spacecraft) (-64) {source: ORX_merged} Center body name: Earth (399) {source: ORX_merged} Center-site name: GEOCENTRIC ******************************************************************************* Start time : A.D. 2018-Oct-01 00:00:00.0000 UT Stop time : A.D. 2018-Oct-28 00:00:00.0000 UT Step-size : 1440 minutes ******************************************************************************* Target pole/equ : undefined Target radii : undefined Center geodetic : 0.0, 0.0, -6378.137 {E-lon(deg),Lat(deg),Alt(km)} Center cylindric: 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 {E-lon(deg),Dxy(km),Dz(km)} Center pole/equ : ITRF93 {East-longitude positive} Center radii : 6378.137, 6378.137, 6356.752 km {Equator_a, b, pole_c} Target primary : Earth Vis. interferer : MOON (R_eq= 1737.400) km {source: ORX_merged} Rel. light bend : Sun {source: ORX_merged} Rel. lght bnd GM: 1.3271E+11 km^3/s^2 Atmos refraction: NO (AIRLESS) RA format : HMS Time format : CAL Calendar mode : Mixed Julian/Gregorian EOP file : eop.240425.p240719 EOP coverage : DATA-BASED 1962-JAN-20 TO 2024-APR-25. PREDICTS-> 2024-JUL-18 Units conversion: 1 au= 149597870.700 km, c= 299792.458 km/s, 1 day= 86400.0 s Table cut-offs 1: Elevation (-90.0deg=NO ),Airmass (>38.000=NO), Daylight (NO ) Table cut-offs 2: Solar elongation ( 0.0,180.0=NO ),Local Hour Angle( 0.0=NO ) Table cut-offs 3: RA/DEC angular rate ( 0.0=NO ) Table format : Comma Separated Values (spreadsheet) *************************************************************************************************************************** Date__(UT)__HR:MN, , , R.A._(ICRF), DEC__(ICRF), APmag, S-brt, delta, deldot, S-O-T,/r, S-T-O, *************************************************************************************************************************** $$SOE 2018-Oct-01 00:00, , , 17 29 51.14, -28 35 16.4, 31.043, n.a., 0.85499073330711, 3.2840522, 75.9106,/T, 57.8137, 2018-Oct-02 00:00, , , 17 32 57.08, -28 30 28.1, 31.044, n.a., 0.85679978461303, 2.8366527, 75.6048,/T, 57.9113, 2018-Oct-03 00:00, , , 17 36 03.63, -28 25 38.9, 31.045, n.a., 0.85840373334242, 2.7170823, 75.3016,/T, 58.0154, 2018-Oct-04 00:00, , , 17 39 10.90, -28 20 36.2, 31.046, n.a., 0.85993839195151, 2.5967030, 75.0012,/T, 58.1203, 2018-Oct-05 00:00, , , 17 42 18.90, -28 15 19.9, 31.047, n.a., 0.86140325381950, 2.4753800, 74.7036,/T, 58.2259, 2018-Oct-06 00:00, , , 17 45 27.61, -28 09 49.6, 31.047, n.a., 0.86279773858724, 2.3529954, 74.4089,/T, 58.3323, 2018-Oct-07 00:00, , , 17 48 37.01, -28 04 05.2, 31.048, n.a., 0.86412120664618, 2.2294648, 74.1172,/T, 58.4395, 2018-Oct-08 00:00, , , 17 51 47.10, -27 58 06.5, 31.048, n.a., 0.86537298355407, 2.1047529, 73.8283,/T, 58.5475, 2018-Oct-09 00:00, , , 17 54 57.86, -27 51 53.2, 31.048, n.a., 0.86655238958145, 1.9788809, 73.5424,/T, 58.6565, 2018-Oct-10 00:00, , , 17 58 09.27, -27 45 25.1, 31.047, n.a., 0.86765877448096, 1.8519246, 73.2594,/T, 58.7664, 2018-Oct-11 00:00, , , 18 01 21.31, -27 38 42.1, 31.047, n.a., 0.86869154418117, 1.7240013, 72.9794,/T, 58.8774, 2018-Oct-12 00:00, , , 18 04 33.96, -27 31 43.8, 31.046, n.a., 0.86965018008213, 1.5952518, 72.7024,/T, 58.9895, 2018-Oct-13 00:00, , , 18 07 47.21, -27 24 30.1, 31.045, n.a., 0.87053424732462, 1.4658225, 72.4284,/T, 59.1027, 2018-Oct-14 00:00, , , 18 11 01.02, -27 17 00.7, 31.044, n.a., 0.87134339405618, 1.3358530, 72.1574,/T, 59.2172, 2018-Oct-15 00:00, , , 18 14 15.39, -27 09 15.6, 31.043, n.a., 0.87207734523827, 1.2054691, 71.8893,/T, 59.3330, 2018-Oct-16 00:00, , , 18 17 30.36, -27 01 16.1, 31.041, n.a., 0.87271497802753, 0.9477819, 71.6244,/T, 59.4510, 2018-Oct-17 00:00, , , 18 20 46.05, -26 53 04.6, 31.039, n.a., 0.87322476284956, 0.8173863, 71.3633,/T, 59.5723, 2018-Oct-18 00:00, , , 18 24 02.26, -26 44 36.6, 31.037, n.a., 0.87365921885904, 0.6869637, 71.1053,/T, 59.6951, 2018-Oct-19 00:00, , , 18 27 18.98, -26 35 51.7, 31.035, n.a., 0.87401835605786, 0.5566014, 70.8503,/T, 59.8194, 2018-Oct-20 00:00, , , 18 30 36.18, -26 26 50.0, 31.033, n.a., 0.87430223517886, 0.4263899, 70.5983,/T, 59.9453, 2018-Oct-21 00:00, , , 18 33 53.85, -26 17 31.1, 31.030, n.a., 0.87451096932715, 0.2964196, 70.3494,/T, 60.0729, 2018-Oct-22 00:00, , , 18 37 11.96, -26 07 54.8, 31.028, n.a., 0.87464472392194, 0.1667809, 70.1035,/T, 60.2021, 2018-Oct-23 00:00, , , 18 40 30.50, -25 58 01.1, 31.025, n.a., 0.87470371576422, 0.0375604, 69.8606,/T, 60.3330, 2018-Oct-24 00:00, , , 18 43 49.46, -25 47 49.8, 31.022, n.a., 0.87468820911236, -0.0911657, 69.6208,/T, 60.4658, 2018-Oct-25 00:00, , , 18 47 08.81, -25 37 20.6, 31.019, n.a., 0.87459850706690, -0.2193404, 69.3839,/T, 60.6003, 2018-Oct-26 00:00, , , 18 50 28.54, -25 26 33.5, 31.016, n.a., 0.87443493796535, -0.3469348, 69.1501,/T, 60.7367, 2018-Oct-27 00:00, , , 18 53 48.64, -25 15 28.3, 31.012, n.a., 0.87419783704820, -0.4739547, 68.9193,/T, 60.8751, 2018-Oct-28 00:00, , , 18 57 09.10, -25 04 04.8, 31.009, n.a., 0.87388752536535, -0.6004434, 68.6915,/T, 61.0153, $$EOE *************************************************************************************************************************** Column meaning: TIME Times PRIOR to 1962 are UT1, a mean-solar time closely related to the prior but now-deprecated GMT. Times AFTER 1962 are in UTC, the current civil or "wall-clock" time-scale. UTC is kept within 0.9 seconds of UT1 using integer leap-seconds for 1972 and later years. Conversion from the internal Barycentric Dynamical Time (TDB) of solar system dynamics to the non-uniform civil UT time-scale requested for output has not been determined for UTC times after the next July or January 1st. Therefore, the last known leap-second is used as a constant over future intervals. Time tags refer to the UT time-scale conversion from TDB on Earth regardless of observer location within the solar system, although clock rates may differ due to the local gravity field and no analog to "UT" may be defined for that location. Any 'b' symbol in the 1st-column denotes a B.C. date. First-column blank (" ") denotes an A.D. date. CALENDAR SYSTEM Mixed calendar mode was active such that calendar dates after AD 1582-Oct-15 (if any) are in the modern Gregorian system. Dates prior to 1582-Oct-5 (if any) are in the Julian calendar system, which is automatically extended for dates prior to its adoption on 45-Jan-1 BC. The Julian calendar is useful for matching historical dates. The Gregorian calendar more accurately corresponds to the Earth's orbital motion and seasons. A "Gregorian-only" calendar mode is available if such physical events are the primary interest. NOTE: "n.a." in output means quantity "not available" at the print-time. 'R.A._(ICRF), DEC__(ICRF),' = Astrometric right ascension and declination of the target center with respect to the observing site (coordinate origin) in the reference frame of the planetary ephemeris (ICRF). Compensated for down-leg light-time delay aberration. Units: RA in hours-minutes-seconds of time, HH MM SS.ff{ffff} DEC in degrees-minutes-seconds of arc, sDD MN SC.f{ffff} 'APmag, S-brt,' = The targets' approximate apparent visual magnitude and surface brightness. For planets and natural satellites, output is restricted to solar phase angles covered by observational data. Outside the observed phase angle range, "n.a." may be output to avoid extrapolation beyond the limit of model validity. For Earth-based observers, the estimated dimming due to atmospheric absorption (extinction) is available as a separate, requestable quantity. Surface brightness is the average airless visual magnitude of a square-arcsecond of the illuminated portion of the apparent disk. It is computed only if the target radius is known. Units: MAGNITUDES & MAGNITUDES PER SQUARE ARCSECOND 'delta, deldot,' = Apparent range ("delta", light-time aberrated) and range-rate ("delta-dot") of the target center relative to the observer. A positive "deldot" means the target center is moving away from the observer, negative indicates movement toward the observer. Units: AU and KM/S 'S-O-T,/r,' = Sun-Observer-Target apparent SOLAR ELONGATION ANGLE seen from the observers' location at print-time. The '/r' column provides a code indicating the targets' apparent position relative to the Sun in the observers' sky, as described below: Case A: For an observing location on the surface of a rotating body, that body rotational sense is considered: /T indicates target TRAILS Sun (evening sky: rises and sets AFTER Sun) /L indicates target LEADS Sun (morning sky: rises and sets BEFORE Sun) Case B: For an observing point that does not have a rotational model (such as a spacecraft), the "leading" and "trailing" condition is defined by the observers' heliocentric ORBITAL motion: * If continuing in the observers' current direction of heliocentric motion would encounter the targets' apparent longitude first, followed by the Sun's, the target LEADS the Sun as seen by the observer. * If the Sun's apparent longitude would be encountered first, followed by the targets', the target TRAILS the Sun. Two other codes can be output: /* indicates observer is Sun-centered (undefined) /? Target is aligned with Sun center (no lead or trail) The S-O-T solar elongation angle is numerically the minimum separation angle of the Sun and target in the sky in any direction. It does NOT indicate the amount of separation in the leading or trailing directions, which would be defined along the equator of a spherical coordinate system. Units: DEGREES 'S-T-O,' = The Sun-Target-Observer angle; the interior vertex angle at target center formed by a vector from the target to the apparent center of the Sun (at reflection time on the target) and the apparent vector from target to the observer at print-time. Slightly different from true PHASE ANGLE (requestable separately) at the few arcsecond level in that it includes stellar aberration on the down-leg from target to observer. Units: DEGREES Computations by ... Solar System Dynamics Group, Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Pasadena, CA 91109 USA General site: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ Mailing list: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/email_list.html System news : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/news.html User Guide : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/manual.html Connect : browser https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/app.html#/x API https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/doc/horizons.html command-line telnet ssd.jpl.nasa.gov 6775 e-mail/batch https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/hrzn_batch.txt scripts https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/SCRIPTS Author : Jon.D.Giorgini@jpl.nasa.gov *************************************************************************************************************************** !$$SOF COMMAND = 'ORX' MAKE_EPHEM = 'YES' TABLE_TYPE = 'OBSERVER' START_TIME = '2018-10-01' STOP_TIME = '2018-10-28' STEP_SIZE = '1 d' QUANTITIES = '1,9,20,23,24' CSV_FORMAT = 'YES'