******************************************************************************* Revised: June 21, 2016 Mars 499 / 4 PHYSICAL DATA (updated 2019-Oct-29): Vol. mean radius (km) = 3389.92+-0.04 Density (g/cm^3) = 3.933(5+-4) Mass x10^23 (kg) = 6.4171 Flattening, f = 1/169.779 Volume (x10^10 km^3) = 16.318 Equatorial radius (km)= 3396.19 Sidereal rot. period = 24.622962 hr Sid. rot. rate, rad/s = 0.0000708822 Mean solar day (sol) = 88775.24415 s Polar gravity m/s^2 = 3.758 Core radius (km) = ~1700 Equ. gravity m/s^2 = 3.71 Geometric Albedo = 0.150 GM (km^3/s^2) = 42828.375214 Mass ratio (Sun/Mars) = 3098703.59 GM 1-sigma (km^3/s^2) = +- 0.00028 Mass of atmosphere, kg= ~ 2.5 x 10^16 Mean temperature (K) = 210 Atmos. pressure (bar) = 0.0056 Obliquity to orbit = 25.19 deg Max. angular diam. = 17.9" Mean sidereal orb per = 1.88081578 y Visual mag. V(1,0) = -1.52 Mean sidereal orb per = 686.98 d Orbital speed, km/s = 24.13 Hill's sphere rad. Rp = 319.8 Escape speed, km/s = 5.027 Perihelion Aphelion Mean Solar Constant (W/m^2) 717 493 589 Maximum Planetary IR (W/m^2) 470 315 390 Minimum Planetary IR (W/m^2) 30 30 30 ******************************************************************************* ******************************************************************************* Ephemeris / WWW_USER Wed May 1 07:12:54 2024 Pasadena, USA / Horizons ******************************************************************************* Target body name: Mars (499) {source: mar097} Center body name: Earth (399) {source: DE441} Center-site name: GEOCENTRIC ******************************************************************************* Start time : A.D. 2022-Dec-01 00:00:00.0000 UT Stop time : A.D. 2022-Dec-09 00:00:00.0000 UT Step-size : 60 minutes ******************************************************************************* Target pole/equ : IAU_MARS {West-longitude positive} Target radii : 3396.19, 3396.19, 3376.2 km {Equator_a, b, pole_c} Center geodetic : 0.0, 0.0, -6378.137 {E-lon(deg),Lat(deg),Alt(km)} Center cylindric: 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 {E-lon(deg),Dxy(km),Dz(km)} Center pole/equ : ITRF93 {East-longitude positive} Center radii : 6378.137, 6378.137, 6356.752 km {Equator_a, b, pole_c} Target primary : Sun Vis. interferer : MOON (R_eq= 1737.400) km {source: DE441} Rel. light bend : Sun {source: DE441} Rel. lght bnd GM: 1.3271E+11 km^3/s^2 Atmos refraction: NO (AIRLESS) RA format : HMS Time format : CAL Calendar mode : Mixed Julian/Gregorian EOP file : eop.240430.p240724 EOP coverage : DATA-BASED 1962-JAN-20 TO 2024-APR-30. PREDICTS-> 2024-JUL-23 Units conversion: 1 au= 149597870.700 km, c= 299792.458 km/s, 1 day= 86400.0 s Table cut-offs 1: Elevation (-90.0deg=NO ),Airmass (>38.000=NO), Daylight (NO ) Table cut-offs 2: Solar elongation ( 0.0,180.0=NO ),Local Hour Angle( 0.0=NO ) Table cut-offs 3: RA/DEC angular rate ( 0.0=NO ) ******************************************************************************* Date__(UT)__HR:MN delta deldot S-O-T /r **************************************************************** $$SOE 2022-Dec-01 00:00 0.54446629716495 -0.0311825 169.6888 /L 2022-Dec-01 01:00 0.54446571779653 -0.0169688 169.7452 /L 2022-Dec-01 02:00 0.54446548052112 -0.0027508 169.8016 /L 2022-Dec-01 03:00 0.54446558544192 0.0114716 169.8581 /L 2022-Dec-01 04:00 0.54446603266131 0.0256981 169.9145 /L 2022-Dec-01 05:00 0.54446682228061 0.0399289 169.9709 /L 2022-Dec-01 06:00 0.54446795440010 0.0541637 170.0273 /L 2022-Dec-01 07:00 0.54446942911936 0.0684027 170.0837 /L 2022-Dec-01 08:00 0.54447124653758 0.0826459 170.1401 /L 2022-Dec-01 09:00 0.54447340675370 0.0968931 170.1964 /L 2022-Dec-01 10:00 0.54447590986634 0.1111444 170.2528 /L 2022-Dec-01 11:00 0.54447875597354 0.1253998 170.3091 /L 2022-Dec-01 12:00 0.54448194517246 0.1396592 170.3655 /L 2022-Dec-01 13:00 0.54448547755918 0.1539225 170.4218 /L 2022-Dec-01 14:00 0.54448935322884 0.1681898 170.4781 /L 2022-Dec-01 15:00 0.54449357227604 0.1824611 170.5344 /L 2022-Dec-01 16:00 0.54449813479504 0.1967362 170.5906 /L 2022-Dec-01 17:00 0.54450304087991 0.2110152 170.6469 /L 2022-Dec-01 18:00 0.54450829062432 0.2252981 170.7031 /L 2022-Dec-01 19:00 0.54451388412128 0.2395849 170.7594 /L 2022-Dec-01 20:00 0.54451982146282 0.2538754 170.8156 /L 2022-Dec-01 21:00 0.54452610273993 0.2681698 170.8718 /L 2022-Dec-01 22:00 0.54453272804279 0.2824678 170.9279 /L 2022-Dec-01 23:00 0.54453969746117 0.2967696 170.9841 /L 2022-Dec-02 00:00 0.54454701108456 0.3110751 171.0402 /L 2022-Dec-02 01:00 0.54455466900225 0.3253843 171.0963 /L 2022-Dec-02 02:00 0.54456267130304 0.3396971 171.1524 /L 2022-Dec-02 03:00 0.54457101807499 0.3540136 171.2085 /L 2022-Dec-02 04:00 0.54457970940511 0.3683337 171.2646 /L 2022-Dec-02 05:00 0.54458874537947 0.3826574 171.3206 /L 2022-Dec-02 06:00 0.54459812608343 0.3969846 171.3766 /L 2022-Dec-02 07:00 0.54460785160206 0.4113153 171.4326 /L 2022-Dec-02 08:00 0.54461792202024 0.4256495 171.4886 /L 2022-Dec-02 09:00 0.54462833742253 0.4399873 171.5445 /L 2022-Dec-02 10:00 0.54463909789296 0.4543285 171.6004 /L 2022-Dec-02 11:00 0.54465020351470 0.4686731 171.6563 /L 2022-Dec-02 12:00 0.54466165436990 0.4830212 171.7122 /L 2022-Dec-02 13:00 0.54467345053980 0.4973726 171.7681 /L 2022-Dec-02 14:00 0.54468559210515 0.5117273 171.8239 /L 2022-Dec-02 15:00 0.54469807914647 0.5260854 171.8797 /L 2022-Dec-02 16:00 0.54471091174405 0.5404468 171.9354 /L 2022-Dec-02 17:00 0.54472408997785 0.5548116 171.9911 /L 2022-Dec-02 18:00 0.54473761392719 0.5691796 172.0468 /L 2022-Dec-02 19:00 0.54475148367044 0.5835508 172.1025 /L 2022-Dec-02 20:00 0.54476569928497 0.5979253 172.1582 /L 2022-Dec-02 21:00 0.54478026084741 0.6123029 172.2138 /L 2022-Dec-02 22:00 0.54479516843398 0.6266837 172.2693 /L 2022-Dec-02 23:00 0.54481042212073 0.6410676 172.3249 /L 2022-Dec-03 00:00 0.54482602198350 0.6554547 172.3804 /L 2022-Dec-03 01:00 0.54484196809766 0.6698448 172.4358 /L 2022-Dec-03 02:00 0.54485826053787 0.6842381 172.4913 /L 2022-Dec-03 03:00 0.54487489937779 0.6986344 172.5467 /L 2022-Dec-03 04:00 0.54489188469013 0.7130337 172.6020 /L 2022-Dec-03 05:00 0.54490921654698 0.7274360 172.6573 /L 2022-Dec-03 06:00 0.54492689502020 0.7418413 172.7126 /L 2022-Dec-03 07:00 0.54494492018143 0.7562496 172.7678 /L 2022-Dec-03 08:00 0.54496329210206 0.7706608 172.8230 /L 2022-Dec-03 09:00 0.54498201085295 0.7850749 172.8781 /L 2022-Dec-03 10:00 0.54500107650413 0.7994919 172.9332 /L 2022-Dec-03 11:00 0.54502048912460 0.8139118 172.9883 /L 2022-Dec-03 12:00 0.54504024878255 0.8283345 173.0433 /L 2022-Dec-03 13:00 0.54506035554568 0.8427600 173.0982 /L 2022-Dec-03 14:00 0.54508080948150 0.8571883 173.1531 /L 2022-Dec-03 15:00 0.54510161065733 0.8716194 173.2080 /L 2022-Dec-03 16:00 0.54512275914017 0.8860532 173.2628 /L 2022-Dec-03 17:00 0.54514425499638 0.9004898 173.3175 /L 2022-Dec-03 18:00 0.54516609829141 0.9149291 173.3722 /L 2022-Dec-03 19:00 0.54518828908972 0.9293711 173.4268 /L 2022-Dec-03 20:00 0.54521082745506 0.9438157 173.4814 /L 2022-Dec-03 21:00 0.54523371345085 0.9582629 173.5359 /L 2022-Dec-03 22:00 0.54525694714035 0.9727127 173.5903 /L 2022-Dec-03 23:00 0.54528052858659 0.9871652 173.6447 /L 2022-Dec-04 00:00 0.54530445785222 1.0016203 173.6990 /L 2022-Dec-04 01:00 0.54532873499912 1.0160778 173.7532 /L 2022-Dec-04 02:00 0.54535336008821 1.0305380 173.8074 /L 2022-Dec-04 03:00 0.54537833317951 1.0450005 173.8615 /L 2022-Dec-04 04:00 0.54540365433246 1.0594656 173.9155 /L 2022-Dec-04 05:00 0.54542932360624 1.0739331 173.9694 /L 2022-Dec-04 06:00 0.54545534105993 1.0884030 174.0233 /L 2022-Dec-04 07:00 0.54548170675231 1.1028754 174.0771 /L 2022-Dec-04 08:00 0.54550842074165 1.1173502 174.1308 /L 2022-Dec-04 09:00 0.54553548308538 1.1318274 174.1844 /L 2022-Dec-04 10:00 0.54556289383996 1.1463068 174.2379 /L 2022-Dec-04 11:00 0.54559065306104 1.1607886 174.2913 /L 2022-Dec-04 12:00 0.54561876080383 1.1752727 174.3447 /L 2022-Dec-04 13:00 0.54564721712336 1.1897590 174.3979 /L 2022-Dec-04 14:00 0.54567602207449 1.2042477 174.4510 /L 2022-Dec-04 15:00 0.54570517571178 1.2187385 174.5041 /L 2022-Dec-04 16:00 0.54573467808914 1.2332316 174.5570 /L 2022-Dec-04 17:00 0.54576452925956 1.2477269 174.6098 /L 2022-Dec-04 18:00 0.54579472927508 1.2622243 174.6625 /L 2022-Dec-04 19:00 0.54582527818707 1.2767239 174.7151 /L 2022-Dec-04 20:00 0.54585617604658 1.2912256 174.7676 /L 2022-Dec-04 21:00 0.54588742290452 1.3057293 174.8200 /L 2022-Dec-04 22:00 0.54591901881159 1.3202352 174.8722 /L 2022-Dec-04 23:00 0.54595096381808 1.3347431 174.9243 /L 2022-Dec-05 00:00 0.54598325797355 1.3492531 174.9762 /L 2022-Dec-05 01:00 0.54601590132659 1.3637651 175.0280 /L 2022-Dec-05 02:00 0.54604889392490 1.3782791 175.0797 /L 2022-Dec-05 03:00 0.54608223581566 1.3927950 175.1312 /L 2022-Dec-05 04:00 0.54611592704580 1.4073128 175.1826 /L 2022-Dec-05 05:00 0.54614996766214 1.4218326 175.2338 /L 2022-Dec-05 06:00 0.54618435771123 1.4363543 175.2848 /L 2022-Dec-05 07:00 0.54621909723910 1.4508779 175.3357 /L 2022-Dec-05 08:00 0.54625418629096 1.4654034 175.3864 /L 2022-Dec-05 09:00 0.54628962491101 1.4799307 175.4369 /L 2022-Dec-05 10:00 0.54632541314270 1.4944598 175.4873 /L 2022-Dec-05 11:00 0.54636155102908 1.5089906 175.5374 /L 2022-Dec-05 12:00 0.54639803861302 1.5235233 175.5873 /L 2022-Dec-05 13:00 0.54643487593723 1.5380577 175.6371 /L 2022-Dec-05 14:00 0.54647206304408 1.5525938 175.6866 /L 2022-Dec-05 15:00 0.54650959997535 1.5671317 175.7359 /L 2022-Dec-05 16:00 0.54654748677186 1.5816712 175.7849 /L 2022-Dec-05 17:00 0.54658572347350 1.5962124 175.8337 /L 2022-Dec-05 18:00 0.54662431011952 1.6107552 175.8823 /L 2022-Dec-05 19:00 0.54666324674885 1.6252997 175.9306 /L 2022-Dec-05 20:00 0.54670253340031 1.6398457 175.9787 /L 2022-Dec-05 21:00 0.54674217011250 1.6543933 176.0265 /L 2022-Dec-05 22:00 0.54678215692361 1.6689425 176.0739 /L 2022-Dec-05 23:00 0.54682249387108 1.6834932 176.1211 /L 2022-Dec-06 00:00 0.54686318099138 1.6980455 176.1680 /L 2022-Dec-06 01:00 0.54690421832012 1.7125991 176.2146 /L 2022-Dec-06 02:00 0.54694560589238 1.7271543 176.2608 /L 2022-Dec-06 03:00 0.54698734374305 1.7417109 176.3067 /L 2022-Dec-06 04:00 0.54702943190686 1.7562689 176.3523 /L 2022-Dec-06 05:00 0.54707187041831 1.7708283 176.3974 /L 2022-Dec-06 06:00 0.54711465931134 1.7853892 176.4422 /L 2022-Dec-06 07:00 0.54715779861905 1.7999514 176.4866 /L 2022-Dec-06 08:00 0.54720128837357 1.8145149 176.5306 /L 2022-Dec-06 09:00 0.54724512860630 1.8290797 176.5741 /L 2022-Dec-06 10:00 0.54728931934820 1.8436458 176.6172 /L 2022-Dec-06 11:00 0.54733386063011 1.8582131 176.6599 /L 2022-Dec-06 12:00 0.54737875248269 1.8727818 176.7020 /L 2022-Dec-06 13:00 0.54742399493628 1.8873516 176.7437 /L 2022-Dec-06 14:00 0.54746958802054 1.9019227 176.7848 /L 2022-Dec-06 15:00 0.54751553176425 1.9164950 176.8254 /L 2022-Dec-06 16:00 0.54756182619521 1.9310684 176.8655 /L 2022-Dec-06 17:00 0.54760847134062 1.9456429 176.9049 /L 2022-Dec-06 18:00 0.54765546722739 1.9602185 176.9438 /L 2022-Dec-06 19:00 0.54770281388228 1.9747953 176.9820 /L 2022-Dec-06 20:00 0.54775051133185 1.9893731 177.0196 /L 2022-Dec-06 21:00 0.54779855960223 2.0039520 177.0565 /L 2022-Dec-06 22:00 0.54784695871877 2.0185320 177.0926 /L 2022-Dec-06 23:00 0.54789570870587 2.0331129 177.1281 /L 2022-Dec-07 00:00 0.54794480958705 2.0476948 177.1628 /L 2022-Dec-07 01:00 0.54799426138536 2.0622776 177.1967 /L 2022-Dec-07 02:00 0.54804406412360 2.0768614 177.2298 /L 2022-Dec-07 03:00 0.54809421782446 2.0914462 177.2621 /L 2022-Dec-07 04:00 0.54814472251036 2.1060318 177.2935 /L 2022-Dec-07 05:00 0.54819557820313 2.1206184 177.3240 /L 2022-Dec-07 06:00 0.54824678492378 2.1352057 177.3535 /L 2022-Dec-07 07:00 0.54829834269233 2.1497939 177.3821 /L 2022-Dec-07 08:00 0.54835025152803 2.1643829 177.4097 /L 2022-Dec-07 09:00 0.54840251144978 2.1789727 177.4362 /L 2022-Dec-07 10:00 0.54845512247632 2.1935632 177.4617 /L 2022-Dec-07 11:00 0.54850808462619 2.2081546 177.4861 /L 2022-Dec-07 12:00 0.54856139791760 2.2227466 177.5094 /L 2022-Dec-07 13:00 0.54861506236808 2.2373394 177.5315 /L 2022-Dec-07 14:00 0.54866907799422 2.2519328 177.5524 /L 2022-Dec-07 15:00 0.54872344481167 2.2665268 177.5721 /L 2022-Dec-07 16:00 0.54877816283549 2.2811215 177.5906 /L 2022-Dec-07 17:00 0.54883323208043 2.2957168 177.6078 /L 2022-Dec-07 18:00 0.54888865256109 2.3103127 177.6236 /L 2022-Dec-07 19:00 0.54894442429189 2.3249092 177.6381 /L 2022-Dec-07 20:00 0.54900054728674 2.3395062 177.6513 /L 2022-Dec-07 21:00 0.54905702155880 2.3541038 177.6631 /L 2022-Dec-07 22:00 0.54911384712025 2.3687018 177.6735 /L 2022-Dec-07 23:00 0.54917102398239 2.3833003 177.6825 /L 2022-Dec-08 00:00 0.54922855215606 2.3978993 177.6900 /L 2022-Dec-08 01:00 0.54928643165186 2.4124987 177.6961 /L 2022-Dec-08 02:00 0.54934466248026 2.4270985 177.7007 /T 2022-Dec-08 03:00 0.54940324465142 2.4416987 177.7039 /T 2022-Dec-08 04:00 0.54946217817495 2.4562993 177.7055 /T 2022-Dec-08 05:00 0.54952146305954 2.4709002 177.7057 /T 2022-Dec-08 06:00 0.54958109931293 2.4855015 177.7045 /T 2022-Dec-08 07:00 0.54964108694210 2.5001030 177.7017 /T 2022-Dec-08 08:00 0.54970142595365 2.5147048 177.6975 /T 2022-Dec-08 09:00 0.54976211635402 2.5293069 177.6918 /T 2022-Dec-08 10:00 0.54982315814947 2.5439092 177.6846 /T 2022-Dec-08 11:00 0.54988455134585 2.5585117 177.6761 /T 2022-Dec-08 12:00 0.54994629594835 2.5731144 177.6661 /T 2022-Dec-08 13:00 0.55000839196118 2.5877173 177.6547 /T 2022-Dec-08 14:00 0.55007083938761 2.6023203 177.6419 /T 2022-Dec-08 15:00 0.55013363823030 2.6169234 177.6277 /T 2022-Dec-08 16:00 0.55019678849164 2.6315266 177.6122 /T 2022-Dec-08 17:00 0.55026029017384 2.6461299 177.5954 /T 2022-Dec-08 18:00 0.55032414327890 2.6607333 177.5774 /T 2022-Dec-08 19:00 0.55038834780829 2.6753367 177.5580 /T 2022-Dec-08 20:00 0.55045290376271 2.6899401 177.5375 /T 2022-Dec-08 21:00 0.55051781114186 2.7045435 177.5157 /T 2022-Dec-08 22:00 0.55058306994455 2.7191468 177.4928 /T 2022-Dec-08 23:00 0.55064868016916 2.7337500 177.4688 /T 2022-Dec-09 00:00 0.55071464181381 2.7483532 177.4437 /T $$EOE ******************************************************************************* Column meaning: TIME Times PRIOR to 1962 are UT1, a mean-solar time closely related to the prior but now-deprecated GMT. Times AFTER 1962 are in UTC, the current civil or "wall-clock" time-scale. UTC is kept within 0.9 seconds of UT1 using integer leap-seconds for 1972 and later years. Conversion from the internal Barycentric Dynamical Time (TDB) of solar system dynamics to the non-uniform civil UT time-scale requested for output has not been determined for UTC times after the next July or January 1st. Therefore, the last known leap-second is used as a constant over future intervals. Time tags refer to the UT time-scale conversion from TDB on Earth regardless of observer location within the solar system, although clock rates may differ due to the local gravity field and no analog to "UT" may be defined for that location. Any 'b' symbol in the 1st-column denotes a B.C. date. First-column blank (" ") denotes an A.D. date. CALENDAR SYSTEM Mixed calendar mode was active such that calendar dates after AD 1582-Oct-15 (if any) are in the modern Gregorian system. Dates prior to 1582-Oct-5 (if any) are in the Julian calendar system, which is automatically extended for dates prior to its adoption on 45-Jan-1 BC. The Julian calendar is useful for matching historical dates. The Gregorian calendar more accurately corresponds to the Earth's orbital motion and seasons. A "Gregorian-only" calendar mode is available if such physical events are the primary interest. NOTE: "n.a." in output means quantity "not available" at the print-time. 'delta deldot' = Apparent range ("delta", light-time aberrated) and range-rate ("delta-dot") of the target center relative to the observer. A positive "deldot" means the target center is moving away from the observer, negative indicates movement toward the observer. Units: AU and KM/S 'S-O-T /r' = Sun-Observer-Target apparent SOLAR ELONGATION ANGLE seen from the observers' location at print-time. The '/r' column provides a code indicating the targets' apparent position relative to the Sun in the observers' sky, as described below: Case A: For an observing location on the surface of a rotating body, that body rotational sense is considered: /T indicates target TRAILS Sun (evening sky: rises and sets AFTER Sun) /L indicates target LEADS Sun (morning sky: rises and sets BEFORE Sun) Case B: For an observing point that does not have a rotational model (such as a spacecraft), the "leading" and "trailing" condition is defined by the observers' heliocentric ORBITAL motion: * If continuing in the observers' current direction of heliocentric motion would encounter the targets' apparent longitude first, followed by the Sun's, the target LEADS the Sun as seen by the observer. * If the Sun's apparent longitude would be encountered first, followed by the targets', the target TRAILS the Sun. Two other codes can be output: /* indicates observer is Sun-centered (undefined) /? Target is aligned with Sun center (no lead or trail) The S-O-T solar elongation angle is numerically the minimum separation angle of the Sun and target in the sky in any direction. It does NOT indicate the amount of separation in the leading or trailing directions, which would be defined along the equator of a spherical coordinate system. Units: DEGREES Computations by ... Solar System Dynamics Group, Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Pasadena, CA 91109 USA General site: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ Mailing list: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/email_list.html System news : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/news.html User Guide : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/manual.html Connect : browser https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/app.html#/x API https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/doc/horizons.html command-line telnet ssd.jpl.nasa.gov 6775 e-mail/batch https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/hrzn_batch.txt scripts https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/SCRIPTS Author : Jon.D.Giorgini@jpl.nasa.gov ******************************************************************************* !$$SOF COMMAND = '499' START_TIME = '2022-12-01' STOP_TIME = '2022-12-09' STEP_SIZE = '1 hour' QUANTITIES = '20,23'