******************************************************************************* Revised: April 12, 2021 Earth 399 GEOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES (revised May 9, 2022): Vol. Mean Radius (km) = 6371.01+-0.02 Mass x10^24 (kg)= 5.97219+-0.0006 Equ. radius, km = 6378.137 Mass layers: Polar axis, km = 6356.752 Atmos = 5.1 x 10^18 kg Flattening = 1/298.257223563 oceans = 1.4 x 10^21 kg Density, g/cm^3 = 5.51 crust = 2.6 x 10^22 kg J2 (IERS 2010) = 0.00108262545 mantle = 4.043 x 10^24 kg g_p, m/s^2 (polar) = 9.8321863685 outer core = 1.835 x 10^24 kg g_e, m/s^2 (equatorial) = 9.7803267715 inner core = 9.675 x 10^22 kg g_o, m/s^2 = 9.82022 Fluid core rad = 3480 km GM, km^3/s^2 = 398600.435436 Inner core rad = 1215 km GM 1-sigma, km^3/s^2 = 0.0014 Escape velocity = 11.186 km/s Rot. Rate (rad/s) = 0.00007292115 Surface area: Mean sidereal day, hr = 23.9344695944 land = 1.48 x 10^8 km Mean solar day 2000.0, s = 86400.002 sea = 3.62 x 10^8 km Mean solar day 1820.0, s = 86400.0 Love no., k2 = 0.299 Moment of inertia = 0.3308 Atm. pressure = 1.0 bar Mean surface temp (Ts), K= 287.6 Volume, km^3 = 1.08321 x 10^12 Mean effect. temp (Te), K= 255 Magnetic moment = 0.61 gauss Rp^3 Geometric albedo = 0.367 Vis. mag. V(1,0)= -3.86 Solar Constant (W/m^2) = 1367.6 (mean), 1414 (perihelion), 1322 (aphelion) HELIOCENTRIC ORBIT CHARACTERISTICS: Obliquity to orbit, deg = 23.4392911 Sidereal orb period = 1.0000174 y Orbital speed, km/s = 29.79 Sidereal orb period = 365.25636 d Mean daily motion, deg/d = 0.9856474 Hill's sphere radius = 234.9 ******************************************************************************* ******************************************************************************* Ephemeris / WWW_USER Fri Apr 19 12:45:06 2024 Pasadena, USA / Horizons ******************************************************************************* Target body name: Earth (399) {source: DE441} Center body name: Sun (10) {source: DE441} Center-site name: BODYCENTRIC ******************************************************************************* Start time : A.D. 2023-Jan-01 00:00:00.0000 UT Stop time : A.D. 2023-Jan-10 00:00:00.0000 UT Step-size : 60 minutes ******************************************************************************* Target pole/equ : ITRF93 (high precision) {East-longitude positive} Target radii : 6378.137, 6378.137, 6356.752 km {Equator_a, b, pole_c} Center geodetic : 0.0, 0.0, -695700.0 {E-lon(deg),Lat(deg),Alt(km)} Center cylindric: 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 {E-lon(deg),Dxy(km),Dz(km)} Center pole/equ : IAU_SUN {East-longitude positive} Center radii : 695700.0, 695700.0, 695700.0 km {Equator_a, b, pole_c} Target primary : Sun Vis. interferer : None Rel. light bend : Sun {source: DE441} Rel. lght bnd GM: 1.3271E+11 km^3/s^2 Atmos refraction: NO (AIRLESS) RA format : HMS Time format : CAL Calendar mode : Mixed Julian/Gregorian EOP file : eop.240418.p240712 EOP coverage : DATA-BASED 1962-JAN-20 TO 2024-APR-18. PREDICTS-> 2024-JUL-11 Units conversion: 1 au= 149597870.700 km, c= 299792.458 km/s, 1 day= 86400.0 s Table cut-offs 1: Elevation (-90.0deg=NO ),Airmass n.a. , Daylight (NO ) Table cut-offs 2: Solar elongation ( 0.0,180.0=NO ),Local Hour Angle( 0.0=NO ) Table cut-offs 3: RA/DEC angular rate ( 0.0=NO ) ******************************************************************************* Date__(UT)__HR:MN delta deldot *************************************************** $$SOE 2023-Jan-01 00:00 0.98333693428813 -0.0381816 2023-Jan-01 01:00 0.98333602036067 -0.0377747 2023-Jan-01 02:00 0.98333511623439 -0.0373670 2023-Jan-01 03:00 0.98333422192660 -0.0369587 2023-Jan-01 04:00 0.98333333745453 -0.0365496 2023-Jan-01 05:00 0.98333246283524 -0.0361398 2023-Jan-01 06:00 0.98333159808570 -0.0357293 2023-Jan-01 07:00 0.98333074322272 -0.0353181 2023-Jan-01 08:00 0.98332989826302 -0.0349063 2023-Jan-01 09:00 0.98332906322315 -0.0344937 2023-Jan-01 10:00 0.98332823811956 -0.0340805 2023-Jan-01 11:00 0.98332742296857 -0.0336665 2023-Jan-01 12:00 0.98332661778637 -0.0332520 2023-Jan-01 13:00 0.98332582258901 -0.0328367 2023-Jan-01 14:00 0.98332503739243 -0.0324208 2023-Jan-01 15:00 0.98332426221242 -0.0320042 2023-Jan-01 16:00 0.98332349706467 -0.0315870 2023-Jan-01 17:00 0.98332274196472 -0.0311692 2023-Jan-01 18:00 0.98332199692798 -0.0307507 2023-Jan-01 19:00 0.98332126196975 -0.0303315 2023-Jan-01 20:00 0.98332053710517 -0.0299118 2023-Jan-01 21:00 0.98331982234929 -0.0294914 2023-Jan-01 22:00 0.98331911771699 -0.0290704 2023-Jan-01 23:00 0.98331842322306 -0.0286488 2023-Jan-02 00:00 0.98331773888213 -0.0282266 2023-Jan-02 01:00 0.98331706470871 -0.0278038 2023-Jan-02 02:00 0.98331640071719 -0.0273804 2023-Jan-02 03:00 0.98331574692183 -0.0269564 2023-Jan-02 04:00 0.98331510333673 -0.0265318 2023-Jan-02 05:00 0.98331446997591 -0.0261067 2023-Jan-02 06:00 0.98331384685322 -0.0256809 2023-Jan-02 07:00 0.98331323398239 -0.0252546 2023-Jan-02 08:00 0.98331263137703 -0.0248278 2023-Jan-02 09:00 0.98331203905062 -0.0244003 2023-Jan-02 10:00 0.98331145701650 -0.0239724 2023-Jan-02 11:00 0.98331088528789 -0.0235439 2023-Jan-02 12:00 0.98331032387786 -0.0231148 2023-Jan-02 13:00 0.98330977279937 -0.0226852 2023-Jan-02 14:00 0.98330923206526 -0.0222551 2023-Jan-02 15:00 0.98330870168820 -0.0218244 2023-Jan-02 16:00 0.98330818168077 -0.0213933 2023-Jan-02 17:00 0.98330767205540 -0.0209616 2023-Jan-02 18:00 0.98330717282439 -0.0205294 2023-Jan-02 19:00 0.98330668399992 -0.0200967 2023-Jan-02 20:00 0.98330620559403 -0.0196635 2023-Jan-02 21:00 0.98330573761864 -0.0192298 2023-Jan-02 22:00 0.98330528008552 -0.0187956 2023-Jan-02 23:00 0.98330483300633 -0.0183610 2023-Jan-03 00:00 0.98330439639259 -0.0179259 2023-Jan-03 01:00 0.98330397025569 -0.0174903 2023-Jan-03 02:00 0.98330355460690 -0.0170542 2023-Jan-03 03:00 0.98330314945734 -0.0166177 2023-Jan-03 04:00 0.98330275481802 -0.0161807 2023-Jan-03 05:00 0.98330237069981 -0.0157433 2023-Jan-03 06:00 0.98330199711345 -0.0153054 2023-Jan-03 07:00 0.98330163406955 -0.0148671 2023-Jan-03 08:00 0.98330128157858 -0.0144283 2023-Jan-03 09:00 0.98330093965091 -0.0139892 2023-Jan-03 10:00 0.98330060829673 -0.0135496 2023-Jan-03 11:00 0.98330028752616 -0.0131096 2023-Jan-03 12:00 0.98329997734914 -0.0126691 2023-Jan-03 13:00 0.98329967777550 -0.0122283 2023-Jan-03 14:00 0.98329938881495 -0.0117871 2023-Jan-03 15:00 0.98329911047704 -0.0113455 2023-Jan-03 16:00 0.98329884277122 -0.0109035 2023-Jan-03 17:00 0.98329858570679 -0.0104611 2023-Jan-03 18:00 0.98329833929294 -0.0100183 2023-Jan-03 19:00 0.98329810353870 -0.0095752 2023-Jan-03 20:00 0.98329787845299 -0.0091316 2023-Jan-03 21:00 0.98329766404460 -0.0086878 2023-Jan-03 22:00 0.98329746032220 -0.0082435 2023-Jan-03 23:00 0.98329726729429 -0.0077989 2023-Jan-04 00:00 0.98329708496928 -0.0073540 2023-Jan-04 01:00 0.98329691335544 -0.0069087 2023-Jan-04 02:00 0.98329675246090 -0.0064631 2023-Jan-04 03:00 0.98329660229366 -0.0060172 2023-Jan-04 04:00 0.98329646286160 -0.0055709 2023-Jan-04 05:00 0.98329633417248 -0.0051244 2023-Jan-04 06:00 0.98329621623390 -0.0046775 2023-Jan-04 07:00 0.98329610905334 -0.0042303 2023-Jan-04 08:00 0.98329601263817 -0.0037828 2023-Jan-04 09:00 0.98329592699562 -0.0033349 2023-Jan-04 10:00 0.98329585213277 -0.0028869 2023-Jan-04 11:00 0.98329578805660 -0.0024385 2023-Jan-04 12:00 0.98329573477394 -0.0019898 2023-Jan-04 13:00 0.98329569229150 -0.0015409 2023-Jan-04 14:00 0.98329566061585 -0.0010917 2023-Jan-04 15:00 0.98329563975345 -0.0006422 2023-Jan-04 16:00 0.98329562971061 -0.0001924 2023-Jan-04 17:00 0.98329563049352 0.0002576 2023-Jan-04 18:00 0.98329564210825 0.0007078 2023-Jan-04 19:00 0.98329566456072 0.0011583 2023-Jan-04 20:00 0.98329569785672 0.0016090 2023-Jan-04 21:00 0.98329574200194 0.0020599 2023-Jan-04 22:00 0.98329579700192 0.0025111 2023-Jan-04 23:00 0.98329586286207 0.0029625 2023-Jan-05 00:00 0.98329593958766 0.0034142 2023-Jan-05 01:00 0.98329602718387 0.0038660 2023-Jan-05 02:00 0.98329612565571 0.0043180 2023-Jan-05 03:00 0.98329623500808 0.0047703 2023-Jan-05 04:00 0.98329635524575 0.0052227 2023-Jan-05 05:00 0.98329648637336 0.0056753 2023-Jan-05 06:00 0.98329662839541 0.0061281 2023-Jan-05 07:00 0.98329678131630 0.0065811 2023-Jan-05 08:00 0.98329694514028 0.0070343 2023-Jan-05 09:00 0.98329711987146 0.0074876 2023-Jan-05 10:00 0.98329730551386 0.0079411 2023-Jan-05 11:00 0.98329750207133 0.0083948 2023-Jan-05 12:00 0.98329770954762 0.0088486 2023-Jan-05 13:00 0.98329792794634 0.0093025 2023-Jan-05 14:00 0.98329815727098 0.0097566 2023-Jan-05 15:00 0.98329839752489 0.0102109 2023-Jan-05 16:00 0.98329864871130 0.0106652 2023-Jan-05 17:00 0.98329891083332 0.0111197 2023-Jan-05 18:00 0.98329918389391 0.0115743 2023-Jan-05 19:00 0.98329946789593 0.0120291 2023-Jan-05 20:00 0.98329976284209 0.0124839 2023-Jan-05 21:00 0.98330006873499 0.0129388 2023-Jan-05 22:00 0.98330038557710 0.0133939 2023-Jan-05 23:00 0.98330071337074 0.0138490 2023-Jan-06 00:00 0.98330105211813 0.0143043 2023-Jan-06 01:00 0.98330140182136 0.0147596 2023-Jan-06 02:00 0.98330176248239 0.0152150 2023-Jan-06 03:00 0.98330213410304 0.0156704 2023-Jan-06 04:00 0.98330251668503 0.0161260 2023-Jan-06 05:00 0.98330291022992 0.0165815 2023-Jan-06 06:00 0.98330331473919 0.0170372 2023-Jan-06 07:00 0.98330373021415 0.0174929 2023-Jan-06 08:00 0.98330415665600 0.0179487 2023-Jan-06 09:00 0.98330459406583 0.0184045 2023-Jan-06 10:00 0.98330504244458 0.0188603 2023-Jan-06 11:00 0.98330550179308 0.0193161 2023-Jan-06 12:00 0.98330597211203 0.0197720 2023-Jan-06 13:00 0.98330645340201 0.0202279 2023-Jan-06 14:00 0.98330694566347 0.0206839 2023-Jan-06 15:00 0.98330744889674 0.0211398 2023-Jan-06 16:00 0.98330796310201 0.0215958 2023-Jan-06 17:00 0.98330848827937 0.0220517 2023-Jan-06 18:00 0.98330902442876 0.0225076 2023-Jan-06 19:00 0.98330957155003 0.0229636 2023-Jan-06 20:00 0.98331012964288 0.0234195 2023-Jan-06 21:00 0.98331069870689 0.0238754 2023-Jan-06 22:00 0.98331127874152 0.0243313 2023-Jan-06 23:00 0.98331186974611 0.0247871 2023-Jan-07 00:00 0.98331247171987 0.0252429 2023-Jan-07 01:00 0.98331308466189 0.0256987 2023-Jan-07 02:00 0.98331370857114 0.0261544 2023-Jan-07 03:00 0.98331434344648 0.0266101 2023-Jan-07 04:00 0.98331498928661 0.0270657 2023-Jan-07 05:00 0.98331564609015 0.0275212 2023-Jan-07 06:00 0.98331631385558 0.0279767 2023-Jan-07 07:00 0.98331699258126 0.0284321 2023-Jan-07 08:00 0.98331768226541 0.0288875 2023-Jan-07 09:00 0.98331838290617 0.0293427 2023-Jan-07 10:00 0.98331909450152 0.0297979 2023-Jan-07 11:00 0.98331981704935 0.0302530 2023-Jan-07 12:00 0.98332055054740 0.0307080 2023-Jan-07 13:00 0.98332129499332 0.0311629 2023-Jan-07 14:00 0.98332205038462 0.0316176 2023-Jan-07 15:00 0.98332281671868 0.0320723 2023-Jan-07 16:00 0.98332359399280 0.0325269 2023-Jan-07 17:00 0.98332438220412 0.0329813 2023-Jan-07 18:00 0.98332518134969 0.0334356 2023-Jan-07 19:00 0.98332599142641 0.0338898 2023-Jan-07 20:00 0.98332681243110 0.0343438 2023-Jan-07 21:00 0.98332764436043 0.0347977 2023-Jan-07 22:00 0.98332848721097 0.0352515 2023-Jan-07 23:00 0.98332934097916 0.0357051 2023-Jan-08 00:00 0.98333020566134 0.0361586 2023-Jan-08 01:00 0.98333108125371 0.0366118 2023-Jan-08 02:00 0.98333196775236 0.0370650 2023-Jan-08 03:00 0.98333286515328 0.0375179 2023-Jan-08 04:00 0.98333377345232 0.0379707 2023-Jan-08 05:00 0.98333469264523 0.0384233 2023-Jan-08 06:00 0.98333562272763 0.0388757 2023-Jan-08 07:00 0.98333656369504 0.0393280 2023-Jan-08 08:00 0.98333751554286 0.0397800 2023-Jan-08 09:00 0.98333847826636 0.0402318 2023-Jan-08 10:00 0.98333945186071 0.0406835 2023-Jan-08 11:00 0.98334043632095 0.0411349 2023-Jan-08 12:00 0.98334143164204 0.0415861 2023-Jan-08 13:00 0.98334243781878 0.0420371 2023-Jan-08 14:00 0.98334345484589 0.0424879 2023-Jan-08 15:00 0.98334448271796 0.0429384 2023-Jan-08 16:00 0.98334552142947 0.0433888 2023-Jan-08 17:00 0.98334657097478 0.0438388 2023-Jan-08 18:00 0.98334763134816 0.0442887 2023-Jan-08 19:00 0.98334870254373 0.0447383 2023-Jan-08 20:00 0.98334978455552 0.0451876 2023-Jan-08 21:00 0.98335087737746 0.0456367 2023-Jan-08 22:00 0.98335198100335 0.0460855 2023-Jan-08 23:00 0.98335309542687 0.0465341 2023-Jan-09 00:00 0.98335422064160 0.0469824 2023-Jan-09 01:00 0.98335535664102 0.0474304 2023-Jan-09 02:00 0.98335650341847 0.0478781 2023-Jan-09 03:00 0.98335766096721 0.0483256 2023-Jan-09 04:00 0.98335882928037 0.0487728 2023-Jan-09 05:00 0.98336000835098 0.0492197 2023-Jan-09 06:00 0.98336119817194 0.0496662 2023-Jan-09 07:00 0.98336239873607 0.0501125 2023-Jan-09 08:00 0.98336361003605 0.0505585 2023-Jan-09 09:00 0.98336483206448 0.0510042 2023-Jan-09 10:00 0.98336606481382 0.0514495 2023-Jan-09 11:00 0.98336730827644 0.0518945 2023-Jan-09 12:00 0.98336856244460 0.0523392 2023-Jan-09 13:00 0.98336982731045 0.0527836 2023-Jan-09 14:00 0.98337110286603 0.0532277 2023-Jan-09 15:00 0.98337238910327 0.0536714 2023-Jan-09 16:00 0.98337368601400 0.0541147 2023-Jan-09 17:00 0.98337499358992 0.0545578 2023-Jan-09 18:00 0.98337631182266 0.0550004 2023-Jan-09 19:00 0.98337764070370 0.0554427 2023-Jan-09 20:00 0.98337898022445 0.0558847 2023-Jan-09 21:00 0.98338033037619 0.0563263 2023-Jan-09 22:00 0.98338169115011 0.0567675 2023-Jan-09 23:00 0.98338306253726 0.0572083 2023-Jan-10 00:00 0.98338444452863 0.0576488 $$EOE ******************************************************************************* Column meaning: TIME Times PRIOR to 1962 are UT1, a mean-solar time closely related to the prior but now-deprecated GMT. Times AFTER 1962 are in UTC, the current civil or "wall-clock" time-scale. UTC is kept within 0.9 seconds of UT1 using integer leap-seconds for 1972 and later years. Conversion from the internal Barycentric Dynamical Time (TDB) of solar system dynamics to the non-uniform civil UT time-scale requested for output has not been determined for UTC times after the next July or January 1st. Therefore, the last known leap-second is used as a constant over future intervals. Time tags refer to the UT time-scale conversion from TDB on Earth regardless of observer location within the solar system, although clock rates may differ due to the local gravity field and no analog to "UT" may be defined for that location. Any 'b' symbol in the 1st-column denotes a B.C. date. First-column blank (" ") denotes an A.D. date. CALENDAR SYSTEM Mixed calendar mode was active such that calendar dates after AD 1582-Oct-15 (if any) are in the modern Gregorian system. Dates prior to 1582-Oct-5 (if any) are in the Julian calendar system, which is automatically extended for dates prior to its adoption on 45-Jan-1 BC. The Julian calendar is useful for matching historical dates. The Gregorian calendar more accurately corresponds to the Earth's orbital motion and seasons. A "Gregorian-only" calendar mode is available if such physical events are the primary interest. NOTE: "n.a." in output means quantity "not available" at the print-time. 'delta deldot' = Apparent range ("delta", light-time aberrated) and range-rate ("delta-dot") of the target center relative to the observer. A positive "deldot" means the target center is moving away from the observer, negative indicates movement toward the observer. Units: AU and KM/S Computations by ... Solar System Dynamics Group, Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Pasadena, CA 91109 USA General site: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ Mailing list: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/email_list.html System news : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/news.html User Guide : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/manual.html Connect : browser https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/app.html#/x API https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/doc/horizons.html command-line telnet ssd.jpl.nasa.gov 6775 e-mail/batch https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/hrzn_batch.txt scripts https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/SCRIPTS Author : Jon.D.Giorgini@jpl.nasa.gov ******************************************************************************* !$$SOF COMMAND = '399' START_TIME = '2023-01-01' STOP_TIME = '2023-01-10' STEP_SIZE = '1 hour' QUANTITIES = '20' CENTER = '@Sun'