******************************************************************************* Revised: April 12, 2021 Venus 299 / 2 PHYSICAL DATA (updated 2020-Oct-19): Vol. Mean Radius (km) = 6051.84+-0.01 Density (g/cm^3) = 5.204 Mass x10^23 (kg) = 48.685 Volume (x10^10 km^3) = 92.843 Sidereal rot. period = 243.018484 d Sid. Rot. Rate (rad/s)= -0.00000029924 Mean solar day = 116.7490 d Equ. gravity m/s^2 = 8.870 Mom. of Inertia = 0.33 Core radius (km) = ~3200 Geometric Albedo = 0.65 Potential Love # k2 = ~0.25 GM (km^3/s^2) = 324858.592 Equatorial Radius, Re = 6051.893 km GM 1-sigma (km^3/s^2) = +-0.006 Mass ratio (Sun/Venus)= 408523.72 Atmos. pressure (bar) = 90 Max. angular diam. = 60.2" Mean Temperature (K) = 735 Visual mag. V(1,0) = -4.40 Obliquity to orbit = 177.3 deg Hill's sphere rad.,Rp = 167.1 Sidereal orb. per., y = 0.61519726 Orbit speed, km/s = 35.021 Sidereal orb. per., d = 224.70079922 Escape speed, km/s = 10.361 Perihelion Aphelion Mean Solar Constant (W/m^2) 2759 2614 2650 Maximum Planetary IR (W/m^2) 153 153 153 Minimum Planetary IR (W/m^2) 153 153 153 ******************************************************************************* ******************************************************************************* Ephemeris / WWW_USER Sun Apr 28 07:29:46 2024 Pasadena, USA / Horizons ******************************************************************************* Target body name: Venus (299) {source: DE441} Center body name: Earth (399) {source: DE441} Center-site name: GEOCENTRIC ******************************************************************************* Start time : A.D. 2048-Jan-01 00:00:00.0000 UT Stop time : A.D. 2048-Sep-30 00:00:00.0000 UT Step-size : 1440 minutes ******************************************************************************* Target pole/equ : IAU_VENUS {East-longitude positive} Target radii : 6051.8, 6051.8, 6051.8 km {Equator_a, b, pole_c} Center geodetic : 0.0, 0.0, -6378.137 {E-lon(deg),Lat(deg),Alt(km)} Center cylindric: 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 {E-lon(deg),Dxy(km),Dz(km)} Center pole/equ : ITRF93 {East-longitude positive} Center radii : 6378.137, 6378.137, 6356.752 km {Equator_a, b, pole_c} Target primary : Sun Vis. interferer : MOON (R_eq= 1737.400) km {source: DE441} Rel. light bend : Sun {source: DE441} Rel. lght bnd GM: 1.3271E+11 km^3/s^2 Atmos refraction: NO (AIRLESS) RA format : HMS Time format : CAL Calendar mode : Mixed Julian/Gregorian EOP file : eop.240426.p240720 EOP coverage : DATA-BASED 1962-JAN-20 TO 2024-APR-26. PREDICTS-> 2024-JUL-19 Units conversion: 1 au= 149597870.700 km, c= 299792.458 km/s, 1 day= 86400.0 s Table cut-offs 1: Elevation (-90.0deg=NO ),Airmass (>38.000=NO), Daylight (NO ) Table cut-offs 2: Solar elongation ( 0.0,180.0=NO ),Local Hour Angle( 0.0=NO ) Table cut-offs 3: RA/DEC angular rate ( 0.0=NO ) ******************************************************************************* Date__(UT)__HR:MN ObsEcLon ObsEcLat ********************************************** $$SOE 2048-Jan-01 00:00 244.3249668 1.8207229 2048-Jan-02 00:00 245.5478019 1.7886993 2048-Jan-03 00:00 246.7714423 1.7556248 2048-Jan-04 00:00 247.9958661 1.7215342 2048-Jan-05 00:00 249.2210529 1.6864621 2048-Jan-06 00:00 250.4469831 1.6504434 2048-Jan-07 00:00 251.6736382 1.6135131 2048-Jan-08 00:00 252.9009999 1.5757060 2048-Jan-09 00:00 254.1290487 1.5370567 2048-Jan-10 00:00 255.3577624 1.4975994 2048-Jan-11 00:00 256.5871139 1.4573683 2048-Jan-12 00:00 257.8170697 1.4163970 2048-Jan-13 00:00 259.0475903 1.3747186 2048-Jan-14 00:00 260.2786311 1.3323661 2048-Jan-15 00:00 261.5101470 1.2893724 2048-Jan-16 00:00 262.7420968 1.2457702 2048-Jan-17 00:00 263.9744469 1.2015926 2048-Jan-18 00:00 265.2071725 1.1568731 2048-Jan-19 00:00 266.4402563 1.1116454 2048-Jan-20 00:00 267.6736863 1.0659438 2048-Jan-21 00:00 268.9074530 1.0198030 2048-Jan-22 00:00 270.1415483 0.9732581 2048-Jan-23 00:00 271.3759644 0.9263443 2048-Jan-24 00:00 272.6106934 0.8790970 2048-Jan-25 00:00 273.8457271 0.8315519 2048-Jan-26 00:00 275.0810571 0.7837445 2048-Jan-27 00:00 276.3166750 0.7357106 2048-Jan-28 00:00 277.5525722 0.6874858 2048-Jan-29 00:00 278.7887407 0.6391058 2048-Jan-30 00:00 280.0251731 0.5906061 2048-Jan-31 00:00 281.2618634 0.5420221 2048-Feb-01 00:00 282.4988074 0.4933888 2048-Feb-02 00:00 283.7360037 0.4447411 2048-Feb-03 00:00 284.9734526 0.3961132 2048-Feb-04 00:00 286.2111554 0.3475389 2048-Feb-05 00:00 287.4491128 0.2990514 2048-Feb-06 00:00 288.6873224 0.2506830 2048-Feb-07 00:00 289.9257773 0.2024654 2048-Feb-08 00:00 291.1644640 0.1544297 2048-Feb-09 00:00 292.4033622 0.1066062 2048-Feb-10 00:00 293.6424461 0.0590244 2048-Feb-11 00:00 294.8816861 0.0117136 2048-Feb-12 00:00 296.1210523 -0.0352975 2048-Feb-13 00:00 297.3605177 -0.0819806 2048-Feb-14 00:00 298.6000601 -0.1283072 2048-Feb-15 00:00 299.8396632 -0.1742494 2048-Feb-16 00:00 301.0793153 -0.2197791 2048-Feb-17 00:00 302.3190083 -0.2648681 2048-Feb-18 00:00 303.5587357 -0.3094887 2048-Feb-19 00:00 304.7984916 -0.3536132 2048-Feb-20 00:00 306.0382702 -0.3972140 2048-Feb-21 00:00 307.2780655 -0.4402641 2048-Feb-22 00:00 308.5178717 -0.4827365 2048-Feb-23 00:00 309.7576828 -0.5246049 2048-Feb-24 00:00 310.9974932 -0.5658433 2048-Feb-25 00:00 312.2372979 -0.6064261 2048-Feb-26 00:00 313.4770927 -0.6463283 2048-Feb-27 00:00 314.7168751 -0.6855253 2048-Feb-28 00:00 315.9566449 -0.7239933 2048-Feb-29 00:00 317.1964055 -0.7617089 2048-Mar-01 00:00 318.4361641 -0.7986497 2048-Mar-02 00:00 319.6759311 -0.8347941 2048-Mar-03 00:00 320.9157185 -0.8701215 2048-Mar-04 00:00 322.1555371 -0.9046121 2048-Mar-05 00:00 323.3953929 -0.9382476 2048-Mar-06 00:00 324.6352856 -0.9710103 2048-Mar-07 00:00 325.8752076 -1.0028837 2048-Mar-08 00:00 327.1151446 -1.0338521 2048-Mar-09 00:00 328.3550785 -1.0639005 2048-Mar-10 00:00 329.5949892 -1.0930147 2048-Mar-11 00:00 330.8348573 -1.1211808 2048-Mar-12 00:00 332.0746659 -1.1483856 2048-Mar-13 00:00 333.3144010 -1.1746162 2048-Mar-14 00:00 334.5540519 -1.1998600 2048-Mar-15 00:00 335.7936100 -1.2241048 2048-Mar-16 00:00 337.0330678 -1.2473387 2048-Mar-17 00:00 338.2724184 -1.2695501 2048-Mar-18 00:00 339.5116546 -1.2907282 2048-Mar-19 00:00 340.7507689 -1.3108622 2048-Mar-20 00:00 341.9897534 -1.3299421 2048-Mar-21 00:00 343.2286005 -1.3479586 2048-Mar-22 00:00 344.4673028 -1.3649026 2048-Mar-23 00:00 345.7058537 -1.3807661 2048-Mar-24 00:00 346.9442474 -1.3955415 2048-Mar-25 00:00 348.1824798 -1.4092218 2048-Mar-26 00:00 349.4205490 -1.4218008 2048-Mar-27 00:00 350.6584560 -1.4332732 2048-Mar-28 00:00 351.8962066 -1.4436343 2048-Mar-29 00:00 353.1338114 -1.4528803 2048-Mar-30 00:00 354.3712855 -1.4610087 2048-Mar-31 00:00 355.6086467 -1.4680177 2048-Apr-01 00:00 356.8459113 -1.4739071 2048-Apr-02 00:00 358.0830907 -1.4786775 2048-Apr-03 00:00 359.3201889 -1.4823307 2048-Apr-04 00:00 0.5572025 -1.4848697 2048-Apr-05 00:00 1.7941231 -1.4862979 2048-Apr-06 00:00 3.0309400 -1.4866198 2048-Apr-07 00:00 4.2676423 -1.4858400 2048-Apr-08 00:00 5.5042208 -1.4839640 2048-Apr-09 00:00 6.7406681 -1.4809974 2048-Apr-10 00:00 7.9769785 -1.4769462 2048-Apr-11 00:00 9.2131475 -1.4718168 2048-Apr-12 00:00 10.4491706 -1.4656160 2048-Apr-13 00:00 11.6850429 -1.4583509 2048-Apr-14 00:00 12.9207587 -1.4500289 2048-Apr-15 00:00 14.1563112 -1.4406580 2048-Apr-16 00:00 15.3916928 -1.4302465 2048-Apr-17 00:00 16.6268954 -1.4188034 2048-Apr-18 00:00 17.8619107 -1.4063380 2048-Apr-19 00:00 19.0967311 -1.3928601 2048-Apr-20 00:00 20.3313497 -1.3783804 2048-Apr-21 00:00 21.5657612 -1.3629098 2048-Apr-22 00:00 22.7999616 -1.3464601 2048-Apr-23 00:00 24.0339501 -1.3290434 2048-Apr-24 00:00 25.2677290 -1.3106728 2048-Apr-25 00:00 26.5013053 -1.2913618 2048-Apr-26 00:00 27.7346911 -1.2711248 2048-Apr-27 00:00 28.9679034 -1.2499770 2048-Apr-28 00:00 30.2009622 -1.2279347 2048-Apr-29 00:00 31.4338868 -1.2050149 2048-Apr-30 00:00 32.6666916 -1.1812360 2048-May-01 00:00 33.8993845 -1.1566168 2048-May-02 00:00 35.1319677 -1.1311772 2048-May-03 00:00 36.3644398 -1.1049374 2048-May-04 00:00 37.5967992 -1.0779182 2048-May-05 00:00 38.8290459 -1.0501405 2048-May-06 00:00 40.0611811 -1.0216254 2048-May-07 00:00 41.2932073 -0.9923940 2048-May-08 00:00 42.5251269 -0.9624677 2048-May-09 00:00 43.7569418 -0.9318680 2048-May-10 00:00 44.9886525 -0.9006164 2048-May-11 00:00 46.2202576 -0.8687348 2048-May-12 00:00 47.4517541 -0.8362450 2048-May-13 00:00 48.6831372 -0.8031691 2048-May-14 00:00 49.9144006 -0.7695296 2048-May-15 00:00 51.1455371 -0.7353490 2048-May-16 00:00 52.3765391 -0.7006501 2048-May-17 00:00 53.6073992 -0.6654561 2048-May-18 00:00 54.8381108 -0.6297903 2048-May-19 00:00 56.0686686 -0.5936765 2048-May-20 00:00 57.2990693 -0.5571388 2048-May-21 00:00 58.5293121 -0.5202016 2048-May-22 00:00 59.7593995 -0.4828897 2048-May-23 00:00 60.9893378 -0.4452284 2048-May-24 00:00 62.2191375 -0.4072438 2048-May-25 00:00 63.4488123 -0.3689628 2048-May-26 00:00 64.6783775 -0.3304147 2048-May-27 00:00 65.9078458 -0.2916350 2048-May-28 00:00 67.1372348 -0.2526879 2048-May-29 00:00 68.3666851 -0.2133635 2048-May-30 00:00 69.5960964 -0.1740683 2048-May-31 00:00 70.8252769 -0.1345203 2048-Jun-01 00:00 72.0544223 -0.0949080 2048-Jun-02 00:00 73.2835336 -0.0552301 2048-Jun-03 00:00 74.5126150 -0.0155088 2048-Jun-04 00:00 75.7416733 0.0242298 2048-Jun-05 00:00 76.9707151 0.0639585 2048-Jun-06 00:00 78.1997450 0.1036504 2048-Jun-07 00:00 79.4287654 0.1432783 2048-Jun-08 00:00 80.6577763 0.1828156 2048-Jun-09 00:00 81.8867749 0.2222355 2048-Jun-10 00:00 83.1157564 0.2615115 2048-Jun-11 00:00 84.3447140 0.3006170 2048-Jun-12 00:00 85.5736397 0.3395260 2048-Jun-13 00:00 86.8025243 0.3782123 2048-Jun-14 00:00 88.0313589 0.4166498 2048-Jun-15 00:00 89.2601346 0.4548126 2048-Jun-16 00:00 90.4888441 0.4926748 2048-Jun-17 00:00 91.7174815 0.5302106 2048-Jun-18 00:00 92.9460435 0.5673942 2048-Jun-19 00:00 94.1745297 0.6041998 2048-Jun-20 00:00 95.4029426 0.6406017 2048-Jun-21 00:00 96.6312876 0.6765739 2048-Jun-22 00:00 97.8595722 0.7120903 2048-Jun-23 00:00 99.0878047 0.7471250 2048-Jun-24 00:00 100.3159919 0.7816516 2048-Jun-25 00:00 101.5441385 0.8156438 2048-Jun-26 00:00 102.7722464 0.8490754 2048-Jun-27 00:00 104.0003175 0.8819203 2048-Jun-28 00:00 105.2283559 0.9141529 2048-Jun-29 00:00 106.4563704 0.9457483 2048-Jun-30 00:00 107.6843730 0.9766823 2048-Jul-01 00:00 108.9123769 1.0069312 2048-Jul-02 00:00 110.1403938 1.0364724 2048-Jul-03 00:00 111.3684323 1.0652838 2048-Jul-04 00:00 112.5964976 1.0933441 2048-Jul-05 00:00 113.8245912 1.1206323 2048-Jul-06 00:00 115.0527116 1.1471283 2048-Jul-07 00:00 116.2808542 1.1728125 2048-Jul-08 00:00 117.5090119 1.1976657 2048-Jul-09 00:00 118.7371755 1.2216694 2048-Jul-10 00:00 119.9653341 1.2448055 2048-Jul-11 00:00 121.1934758 1.2670566 2048-Jul-12 00:00 122.4215880 1.2884055 2048-Jul-13 00:00 123.6496583 1.3088356 2048-Jul-14 00:00 124.8776752 1.3283309 2048-Jul-15 00:00 126.1056287 1.3468755 2048-Jul-16 00:00 127.3335109 1.3644541 2048-Jul-17 00:00 128.5613157 1.3810514 2048-Jul-18 00:00 129.7890392 1.3966528 2048-Jul-19 00:00 131.0166787 1.4112438 2048-Jul-20 00:00 132.2442314 1.4248098 2048-Jul-21 00:00 133.4716940 1.4373371 2048-Jul-22 00:00 134.6990615 1.4488117 2048-Jul-23 00:00 135.9263272 1.4592201 2048-Jul-24 00:00 137.1534845 1.4685496 2048-Jul-25 00:00 138.3805298 1.4767877 2048-Jul-26 00:00 139.6074642 1.4839231 2048-Jul-27 00:00 140.8342955 1.4899453 2048-Jul-28 00:00 142.0610358 1.4948449 2048-Jul-29 00:00 143.2876992 1.4986137 2048-Jul-30 00:00 144.5142977 1.5012446 2048-Jul-31 00:00 145.7408400 1.5027315 2048-Aug-01 00:00 146.9673308 1.5030692 2048-Aug-02 00:00 148.1937705 1.5022535 2048-Aug-03 00:00 149.4201567 1.5002808 2048-Aug-04 00:00 150.6464838 1.4971487 2048-Aug-05 00:00 151.8727439 1.4928552 2048-Aug-06 00:00 153.0989272 1.4873992 2048-Aug-07 00:00 154.3250223 1.4807805 2048-Aug-08 00:00 155.5510167 1.4729994 2048-Aug-09 00:00 156.7768972 1.4640570 2048-Aug-10 00:00 158.0026504 1.4539550 2048-Aug-11 00:00 159.2282639 1.4426957 2048-Aug-12 00:00 160.4537261 1.4302820 2048-Aug-13 00:00 161.6790268 1.4167171 2048-Aug-14 00:00 162.9041566 1.4020049 2048-Aug-15 00:00 164.1291066 1.3861495 2048-Aug-16 00:00 165.3538671 1.3691554 2048-Aug-17 00:00 166.5784272 1.3510274 2048-Aug-18 00:00 167.8027738 1.3317708 2048-Aug-19 00:00 169.0268926 1.3113914 2048-Aug-20 00:00 170.2507689 1.2898955 2048-Aug-21 00:00 171.4743906 1.2672900 2048-Aug-22 00:00 172.6977503 1.2435827 2048-Aug-23 00:00 173.9208475 1.2187824 2048-Aug-24 00:00 175.1436889 1.1928989 2048-Aug-25 00:00 176.3662864 1.1659432 2048-Aug-26 00:00 177.5886540 1.1379275 2048-Aug-27 00:00 178.8108048 1.1088650 2048-Aug-28 00:00 180.0327489 1.0787700 2048-Aug-29 00:00 181.2544925 1.0476578 2048-Aug-30 00:00 182.4760383 1.0155447 2048-Aug-31 00:00 183.6973857 0.9824476 2048-Sep-01 00:00 184.9185321 0.9483842 2048-Sep-02 00:00 186.1394726 0.9133730 2048-Sep-03 00:00 187.3602010 0.8774332 2048-Sep-04 00:00 188.5807096 0.8405846 2048-Sep-05 00:00 189.8009901 0.8028476 2048-Sep-06 00:00 191.0210335 0.7642434 2048-Sep-07 00:00 192.2408306 0.7247934 2048-Sep-08 00:00 193.4603725 0.6845198 2048-Sep-09 00:00 194.6796508 0.6434448 2048-Sep-10 00:00 195.8986568 0.6015913 2048-Sep-11 00:00 197.1173810 0.5589821 2048-Sep-12 00:00 198.3358119 0.5156405 2048-Sep-13 00:00 199.5539348 0.4715896 2048-Sep-14 00:00 200.7717318 0.4268531 2048-Sep-15 00:00 201.9891825 0.3814549 2048-Sep-16 00:00 203.2062655 0.3354192 2048-Sep-17 00:00 204.4229613 0.2887708 2048-Sep-18 00:00 205.6392544 0.2415351 2048-Sep-19 00:00 206.8551357 0.1937383 2048-Sep-20 00:00 208.0706028 0.1454073 2048-Sep-21 00:00 209.2856604 0.0965700 2048-Sep-22 00:00 210.5003174 0.0472551 2048-Sep-23 00:00 211.7145853 -0.0025078 2048-Sep-24 00:00 212.9284750 -0.0526881 2048-Sep-25 00:00 214.1419955 -0.1032547 2048-Sep-26 00:00 215.3551529 -0.1541757 2048-Sep-27 00:00 216.5679502 -0.2054186 2048-Sep-28 00:00 217.7803881 -0.2569504 2048-Sep-29 00:00 218.9924656 -0.3087378 2048-Sep-30 00:00 220.2041800 -0.3607468 $$EOE ******************************************************************************* Column meaning: TIME Times PRIOR to 1962 are UT1, a mean-solar time closely related to the prior but now-deprecated GMT. Times AFTER 1962 are in UTC, the current civil or "wall-clock" time-scale. UTC is kept within 0.9 seconds of UT1 using integer leap-seconds for 1972 and later years. Conversion from the internal Barycentric Dynamical Time (TDB) of solar system dynamics to the non-uniform civil UT time-scale requested for output has not been determined for UTC times after the next July or January 1st. Therefore, the last known leap-second is used as a constant over future intervals. Time tags refer to the UT time-scale conversion from TDB on Earth regardless of observer location within the solar system, although clock rates may differ due to the local gravity field and no analog to "UT" may be defined for that location. Any 'b' symbol in the 1st-column denotes a B.C. date. First-column blank (" ") denotes an A.D. date. CALENDAR SYSTEM Mixed calendar mode was active such that calendar dates after AD 1582-Oct-15 (if any) are in the modern Gregorian system. Dates prior to 1582-Oct-5 (if any) are in the Julian calendar system, which is automatically extended for dates prior to its adoption on 45-Jan-1 BC. The Julian calendar is useful for matching historical dates. The Gregorian calendar more accurately corresponds to the Earth's orbital motion and seasons. A "Gregorian-only" calendar mode is available if such physical events are the primary interest. NOTE: "n.a." in output means quantity "not available" at the print-time. 'ObsEcLon ObsEcLat' = Observer-centered IAU76/80 ecliptic-of-date longitude and latitude of the target centers' apparent position, with light-time, gravitational deflection of light, and stellar aberrations. Units: DEGREES Computations by ... Solar System Dynamics Group, Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Pasadena, CA 91109 USA General site: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ Mailing list: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/email_list.html System news : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/news.html User Guide : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/manual.html Connect : browser https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/app.html#/x API https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/doc/horizons.html command-line telnet ssd.jpl.nasa.gov 6775 e-mail/batch https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/hrzn_batch.txt scripts https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/SCRIPTS Author : Jon.D.Giorgini@jpl.nasa.gov ******************************************************************************* !$$SOF COMMAND = '299' START_TIME = '2048-1-1' STOP_TIME = '2048-9-30' STEP_SIZE = '1 day' QUANTITIES = '31'