******************************************************************************* Revised: April 12, 2021 Mercury 199 / 1 PHYSICAL DATA (updated 2024-Mar-04): Vol. Mean Radius (km) = 2439.4+-0.1 Density (g cm^-3) = 5.427 Mass x10^23 (kg) = 3.302 Volume (x10^10 km^3) = 6.085 Sidereal rot. period = 58.6463 d Sid. rot. rate (rad/s)= 0.00000124001 Mean solar day = 175.9421 d Core radius (km) = ~1600 Geometric Albedo = 0.106 Surface emissivity = 0.77+-0.06 GM (km^3/s^2) = 22031.86855 Equatorial radius, Re = 2440.53 km GM 1-sigma (km^3/s^2) = Mass ratio (Sun/plnt) = 6023682 Mom. of Inertia = 0.33 Equ. gravity m/s^2 = 3.701 Atmos. pressure (bar) = < 5x10^-15 Max. angular diam. = 11.0" Mean Temperature (K) = 440 Visual mag. V(1,0) = -0.42 Obliquity to orbit[1] = 2.11' +/- 0.1' Hill's sphere rad. Rp = 94.4 Sidereal orb. per. = 0.2408467 y Mean Orbit vel. km/s = 47.362 Sidereal orb. per. = 87.969257 d Escape vel. km/s = 4.435 Perihelion Aphelion Mean Solar Constant (W/m^2) 14462 6278 9126 Maximum Planetary IR (W/m^2) 12700 5500 8000 Minimum Planetary IR (W/m^2) 6 6 6 ******************************************************************************* ******************************************************************************* Ephemeris / WWW_USER Sun Apr 28 01:45:27 2024 Pasadena, USA / Horizons ******************************************************************************* Target body name: Mercury (199) {source: DE441} Center body name: Earth (399) {source: DE441} Center-site name: GEOCENTRIC ******************************************************************************* Start time : A.D. 2048-Jan-01 00:00:00.0000 UT Stop time : A.D. 2048-Sep-30 00:00:00.0000 UT Step-size : 1440 minutes ******************************************************************************* Target pole/equ : IAU_MERCURY {West-longitude positive} Target radii : 2440.53, 2440.53, 2438.26 km {Equator_a, b, pole_c} Center geodetic : 0.0, 0.0, -6378.137 {E-lon(deg),Lat(deg),Alt(km)} Center cylindric: 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 {E-lon(deg),Dxy(km),Dz(km)} Center pole/equ : ITRF93 {East-longitude positive} Center radii : 6378.137, 6378.137, 6356.752 km {Equator_a, b, pole_c} Target primary : Sun Vis. interferer : MOON (R_eq= 1737.400) km {source: DE441} Rel. light bend : Sun {source: DE441} Rel. lght bnd GM: 1.3271E+11 km^3/s^2 Atmos refraction: NO (AIRLESS) RA format : HMS Time format : CAL Calendar mode : Mixed Julian/Gregorian EOP file : eop.240426.p240720 EOP coverage : DATA-BASED 1962-JAN-20 TO 2024-APR-26. PREDICTS-> 2024-JUL-19 Units conversion: 1 au= 149597870.700 km, c= 299792.458 km/s, 1 day= 86400.0 s Table cut-offs 1: Elevation (-90.0deg=NO ),Airmass (>38.000=NO), Daylight (NO ) Table cut-offs 2: Solar elongation ( 0.0,180.0=NO ),Local Hour Angle( 0.0=NO ) Table cut-offs 3: RA/DEC angular rate ( 0.0=NO ) ******************************************************************************* Date__(UT)__HR:MN ObsEcLon ObsEcLat ********************************************** $$SOE 2048-Jan-01 00:00 294.7450270 -2.1024271 2048-Jan-02 00:00 296.3029207 -2.0560030 2048-Jan-03 00:00 297.8474689 -1.9988303 2048-Jan-04 00:00 299.3752408 -1.9302861 2048-Jan-05 00:00 300.8822005 -1.8497216 2048-Jan-06 00:00 302.3636229 -1.7564674 2048-Jan-07 00:00 303.8140029 -1.6498414 2048-Jan-08 00:00 305.2269613 -1.5291598 2048-Jan-09 00:00 306.5951509 -1.3937530 2048-Jan-10 00:00 307.9101692 -1.2429862 2048-Jan-11 00:00 309.1624866 -1.0762874 2048-Jan-12 00:00 310.3414031 -0.8931835 2048-Jan-13 00:00 311.4350504 -0.6933455 2048-Jan-14 00:00 312.4304587 -0.4766451 2048-Jan-15 00:00 313.3137140 -0.2432230 2048-Jan-16 00:00 314.0702281 0.0064307 2048-Jan-17 00:00 314.6851482 0.2713844 2048-Jan-18 00:00 315.1439256 0.5501652 2048-Jan-19 00:00 315.4330581 0.8406571 2048-Jan-20 00:00 315.5410056 1.1400081 2048-Jan-21 00:00 315.4592512 1.4445606 2048-Jan-22 00:00 315.1834483 1.7498264 2048-Jan-23 00:00 314.7145514 2.0505309 2048-Jan-24 00:00 314.0597835 2.3407461 2048-Jan-25 00:00 313.2332687 2.6141316 2048-Jan-26 00:00 312.2561514 2.8642791 2048-Jan-27 00:00 311.1560693 3.0851351 2048-Jan-28 00:00 309.9659368 3.2714533 2048-Jan-29 00:00 308.7221209 3.4192041 2048-Jan-30 00:00 307.4622252 3.5258730 2048-Jan-31 00:00 306.2227839 3.5905946 2048-Feb-01 00:00 305.0371872 3.6141054 2048-Feb-02 00:00 303.9340959 3.5985371 2048-Feb-03 00:00 302.9364855 3.5471005 2048-Feb-04 00:00 302.0613300 3.4637234 2048-Feb-05 00:00 301.3198275 3.3526989 2048-Feb-06 00:00 300.7180132 3.2183860 2048-Feb-07 00:00 300.2575920 3.0649818 2048-Feb-08 00:00 299.9368460 2.8963685 2048-Feb-09 00:00 299.7515099 2.7160267 2048-Feb-10 00:00 299.6955504 2.5270019 2048-Feb-11 00:00 299.7618183 2.3319069 2048-Feb-12 00:00 299.9425669 2.1329494 2048-Feb-13 00:00 300.2298463 1.9319716 2048-Feb-14 00:00 300.6157884 1.7304958 2048-Feb-15 00:00 301.0928023 1.5297704 2048-Feb-16 00:00 301.6536999 1.3308131 2048-Feb-17 00:00 302.2917675 1.1344494 2048-Feb-18 00:00 303.0008001 0.9413467 2048-Feb-19 00:00 303.7751092 0.7520436 2048-Feb-20 00:00 304.6095124 0.5669735 2048-Feb-21 00:00 305.4993128 0.3864860 2048-Feb-22 00:00 306.4402708 0.2108628 2048-Feb-23 00:00 307.4285723 0.0403321 2048-Feb-24 00:00 308.4607965 -0.1249204 2048-Feb-25 00:00 309.5338823 -0.2847422 2048-Feb-26 00:00 310.6450981 -0.4390064 2048-Feb-27 00:00 311.7920114 -0.5876062 2048-Feb-28 00:00 312.9724621 -0.7304493 2048-Feb-29 00:00 314.1845377 -0.8674548 2048-Mar-01 00:00 315.4265498 -0.9985497 2048-Mar-02 00:00 316.6970121 -1.1236665 2048-Mar-03 00:00 317.9946194 -1.2427414 2048-Mar-04 00:00 319.3182270 -1.3557124 2048-Mar-05 00:00 320.6668321 -1.4625184 2048-Mar-06 00:00 322.0395582 -1.5630976 2048-Mar-07 00:00 323.4356419 -1.6573870 2048-Mar-08 00:00 324.8544232 -1.7453209 2048-Mar-09 00:00 326.2953378 -1.8268308 2048-Mar-10 00:00 327.7579115 -1.9018447 2048-Mar-11 00:00 329.2417543 -1.9702864 2048-Mar-12 00:00 330.7465557 -2.0320753 2048-Mar-13 00:00 332.2720785 -2.0871264 2048-Mar-14 00:00 333.8181537 -2.1353500 2048-Mar-15 00:00 335.3846732 -2.1766518 2048-Mar-16 00:00 336.9715848 -2.2109330 2048-Mar-17 00:00 338.5788854 -2.2380906 2048-Mar-18 00:00 340.2066164 -2.2580177 2048-Mar-19 00:00 341.8548580 -2.2706041 2048-Mar-20 00:00 343.5237251 -2.2757364 2048-Mar-21 00:00 345.2133618 -2.2732993 2048-Mar-22 00:00 346.9239364 -2.2631759 2048-Mar-23 00:00 348.6556352 -2.2452487 2048-Mar-24 00:00 350.4086563 -2.2194011 2048-Mar-25 00:00 352.1832018 -2.1855185 2048-Mar-26 00:00 353.9794693 -2.1434899 2048-Mar-27 00:00 355.7976423 -2.0932106 2048-Mar-28 00:00 357.6378785 -2.0345842 2048-Mar-29 00:00 359.5002954 -1.9675260 2048-Mar-30 00:00 1.3849528 -1.8919666 2048-Mar-31 00:00 3.2918296 -1.8078563 2048-Apr-01 00:00 5.2207967 -1.7151702 2048-Apr-02 00:00 7.1715851 -1.6139140 2048-Apr-03 00:00 9.1437527 -1.5041305 2048-Apr-04 00:00 11.1366485 -1.3859074 2048-Apr-05 00:00 13.1493764 -1.2593856 2048-Apr-06 00:00 15.1807558 -1.1247698 2048-Apr-07 00:00 17.2292850 -0.9823421 2048-Apr-08 00:00 19.2931236 -0.8324408 2048-Apr-09 00:00 21.3699297 -0.6754950 2048-Apr-10 00:00 23.4570075 -0.5121007 2048-Apr-11 00:00 25.5511796 -0.3429044 2048-Apr-12 00:00 27.6487797 -0.1686766 2048-Apr-13 00:00 29.7456697 0.0096942 2048-Apr-14 00:00 31.8372678 0.1912062 2048-Apr-15 00:00 33.9186007 0.3747526 2048-Apr-16 00:00 35.9843784 0.5591343 2048-Apr-17 00:00 38.0290910 0.7430782 2048-Apr-18 00:00 40.0471199 0.9252591 2048-Apr-19 00:00 42.0328577 1.1043244 2048-Apr-20 00:00 43.9808253 1.2789204 2048-Apr-21 00:00 45.8857805 1.4477168 2048-Apr-22 00:00 47.7428065 1.6094290 2048-Apr-23 00:00 49.5473795 1.7628368 2048-Apr-24 00:00 51.2954085 1.9067973 2048-Apr-25 00:00 52.9832503 2.0402533 2048-Apr-26 00:00 54.6077021 2.1622368 2048-Apr-27 00:00 56.1659737 2.2718676 2048-Apr-28 00:00 57.6556458 2.3683493 2048-Apr-29 00:00 59.0746180 2.4509631 2048-Apr-30 00:00 60.4210543 2.5190599 2048-May-01 00:00 61.6933301 2.5720531 2048-May-02 00:00 62.8899862 2.6094111 2048-May-03 00:00 64.0096909 2.6306513 2048-May-04 00:00 65.0512111 2.6353362 2048-May-05 00:00 66.0133917 2.6230701 2048-May-06 00:00 66.8951443 2.5934996 2048-May-07 00:00 67.6954458 2.5463150 2048-May-08 00:00 68.4133490 2.4812556 2048-May-09 00:00 69.0480033 2.3981171 2048-May-10 00:00 69.5986875 2.2967620 2048-May-11 00:00 70.0648534 2.1771327 2048-May-12 00:00 70.4461809 2.0392681 2048-May-13 00:00 70.7426419 1.8833215 2048-May-14 00:00 70.9545742 1.7095816 2048-May-15 00:00 71.0827621 1.5184945 2048-May-16 00:00 71.1285211 1.3106865 2048-May-17 00:00 71.0937838 1.0869851 2048-May-18 00:00 70.9811830 0.8484395 2048-May-19 00:00 70.7941261 0.5963352 2048-May-20 00:00 70.5368555 0.3322036 2048-May-21 00:00 70.2144904 0.0578229 2048-May-22 00:00 69.8330421 -0.2247903 2048-May-23 00:00 69.3993989 -0.5134013 2048-May-24 00:00 68.9212768 -0.8055888 2048-May-25 00:00 68.4071328 -1.0987887 2048-May-26 00:00 67.8660408 -1.3903477 2048-May-27 00:00 67.3075345 -1.6775846 2048-May-28 00:00 66.7414220 -1.9578559 2048-May-29 00:00 66.1775860 -2.2286218 2048-May-30 00:00 65.6257789 -2.4875080 2048-May-31 00:00 65.0954272 -2.7323588 2048-Jun-01 00:00 64.5954530 -2.9612808 2048-Jun-02 00:00 64.1341226 -3.1726718 2048-Jun-03 00:00 63.7189265 -3.3652379 2048-Jun-04 00:00 63.3564973 -3.5379959 2048-Jun-05 00:00 63.0525633 -3.6902649 2048-Jun-06 00:00 62.8119380 -3.8216474 2048-Jun-07 00:00 62.6385400 -3.9320038 2048-Jun-08 00:00 62.5354374 -4.0214212 2048-Jun-09 00:00 62.5049122 -4.0901805 2048-Jun-10 00:00 62.5485373 -4.1387231 2048-Jun-11 00:00 62.6672623 -4.1676187 2048-Jun-12 00:00 62.8615019 -4.1775353 2048-Jun-13 00:00 63.1312242 -4.1692135 2048-Jun-14 00:00 63.4760348 -4.1434433 2048-Jun-15 00:00 63.8952552 -4.1010456 2048-Jun-16 00:00 64.3879944 -4.0428566 2048-Jun-17 00:00 64.9532118 -3.9697164 2048-Jun-18 00:00 65.5897727 -3.8824598 2048-Jun-19 00:00 66.2964945 -3.7819109 2048-Jun-20 00:00 67.0721855 -3.6688788 2048-Jun-21 00:00 67.9156755 -3.5441566 2048-Jun-22 00:00 68.8258386 -3.4085211 2048-Jun-23 00:00 69.8016088 -3.2627345 2048-Jun-24 00:00 70.8419875 -3.1075470 2048-Jun-25 00:00 71.9460463 -2.9437002 2048-Jun-26 00:00 73.1129248 -2.7719314 2048-Jun-27 00:00 74.3418245 -2.5929784 2048-Jun-28 00:00 75.6319987 -2.4075846 2048-Jun-29 00:00 76.9827363 -2.2165047 2048-Jun-30 00:00 78.3933370 -2.0205112 2048-Jul-01 00:00 79.8630793 -1.8204004 2048-Jul-02 00:00 81.3911822 -1.6169988 2048-Jul-03 00:00 82.9767608 -1.4111691 2048-Jul-04 00:00 84.6187774 -1.2038150 2048-Jul-05 00:00 86.3159884 -0.9958846 2048-Jul-06 00:00 88.0668879 -0.7883716 2048-Jul-07 00:00 89.8696526 -0.5823147 2048-Jul-08 00:00 91.7220894 -0.3787924 2048-Jul-09 00:00 93.6215923 -0.1789152 2048-Jul-10 00:00 95.5651117 0.0161870 2048-Jul-11 00:00 97.5491430 0.2053804 2048-Jul-12 00:00 99.5697375 0.3875479 2048-Jul-13 00:00 101.6225387 0.5616106 2048-Jul-14 00:00 103.7028450 0.7265521 2048-Jul-15 00:00 105.8056955 0.8814414 2048-Jul-16 00:00 107.9259750 1.0254544 2048-Jul-17 00:00 110.0585288 1.1578905 2048-Jul-18 00:00 112.1982805 1.2781858 2048-Jul-19 00:00 114.3403422 1.3859187 2048-Jul-20 00:00 116.4801120 1.4808112 2048-Jul-21 00:00 118.6133545 1.5627201 2048-Jul-22 00:00 120.7362383 1.6316136 2048-Jul-23 00:00 122.8453641 1.6875981 2048-Jul-24 00:00 124.9378103 1.7308763 2048-Jul-25 00:00 127.0110999 1.7617236 2048-Jul-26 00:00 129.0631809 1.7804825 2048-Jul-27 00:00 131.0923968 1.7875472 2048-Jul-28 00:00 133.0974450 1.7833496 2048-Jul-29 00:00 135.0773322 1.7683472 2048-Jul-30 00:00 137.0313278 1.7430129 2048-Jul-31 00:00 138.9589208 1.7078267 2048-Aug-01 00:00 140.8597810 1.6632691 2048-Aug-02 00:00 142.7337239 1.6098154 2048-Aug-03 00:00 144.5806799 1.5479325 2048-Aug-04 00:00 146.4006671 1.4780757 2048-Aug-05 00:00 148.1937678 1.4006868 2048-Aug-06 00:00 149.9601080 1.3161932 2048-Aug-07 00:00 151.6998401 1.2250070 2048-Aug-08 00:00 153.4131277 1.1275248 2048-Aug-09 00:00 155.1001337 1.0241281 2048-Aug-10 00:00 156.7610087 0.9151837 2048-Aug-11 00:00 158.3958826 0.8010438 2048-Aug-12 00:00 160.0048563 0.6820474 2048-Aug-13 00:00 161.5879938 0.5585206 2048-Aug-14 00:00 163.1453155 0.4307781 2048-Aug-15 00:00 164.6767910 0.2991235 2048-Aug-16 00:00 166.1823319 0.1638512 2048-Aug-17 00:00 167.6617853 0.0252471 2048-Aug-18 00:00 169.1149271 -0.1164098 2048-Aug-19 00:00 170.5414571 -0.2608463 2048-Aug-20 00:00 171.9409933 -0.4077932 2048-Aug-21 00:00 173.3130685 -0.5569836 2048-Aug-22 00:00 174.6571254 -0.7081514 2048-Aug-23 00:00 175.9725104 -0.8610293 2048-Aug-24 00:00 177.2584656 -1.0153466 2048-Aug-25 00:00 178.5141170 -1.1708271 2048-Aug-26 00:00 179.7384605 -1.3271871 2048-Aug-27 00:00 180.9303469 -1.4841322 2048-Aug-28 00:00 182.0884675 -1.6413552 2048-Aug-29 00:00 183.2113389 -1.7985323 2048-Aug-30 00:00 184.2972887 -1.9553199 2048-Aug-31 00:00 185.3444397 -2.1113501 2048-Sep-01 00:00 186.3506942 -2.2662259 2048-Sep-02 00:00 187.3137163 -2.4195161 2048-Sep-03 00:00 188.2309142 -2.5707483 2048-Sep-04 00:00 189.0994219 -2.7194025 2048-Sep-05 00:00 189.9160819 -2.8649025 2048-Sep-06 00:00 190.6774285 -3.0066069 2048-Sep-07 00:00 191.3796746 -3.1437988 2048-Sep-08 00:00 192.0187029 -3.2756745 2048-Sep-09 00:00 192.5900642 -3.4013310 2048-Sep-10 00:00 193.0889849 -3.5197528 2048-Sep-11 00:00 193.5103892 -3.6297979 2048-Sep-12 00:00 193.8489411 -3.7301844 2048-Sep-13 00:00 194.0991123 -3.8194777 2048-Sep-14 00:00 194.2552856 -3.8960802 2048-Sep-15 00:00 194.3119015 -3.9582267 2048-Sep-16 00:00 194.2636580 -4.0039858 2048-Sep-17 00:00 194.1057719 -4.0312739 2048-Sep-18 00:00 193.8343093 -4.0378837 2048-Sep-19 00:00 193.4465861 -4.0215338 2048-Sep-20 00:00 192.9416362 -3.9799435 2048-Sep-21 00:00 192.3207315 -3.9109367 2048-Sep-22 00:00 191.5879241 -3.8125774 2048-Sep-23 00:00 190.7505660 -3.6833316 2048-Sep-24 00:00 189.8197424 -3.5222504 2048-Sep-25 00:00 188.8105422 -3.3291544 2048-Sep-26 00:00 187.7420856 -3.1047991 2048-Sep-27 00:00 186.6372407 -2.8509921 2048-Sep-28 00:00 185.5219935 -2.5706356 2048-Sep-29 00:00 184.4244845 -2.2676749 2048-Sep-30 00:00 183.3737783 -1.9469471 $$EOE ******************************************************************************* Column meaning: TIME Times PRIOR to 1962 are UT1, a mean-solar time closely related to the prior but now-deprecated GMT. Times AFTER 1962 are in UTC, the current civil or "wall-clock" time-scale. UTC is kept within 0.9 seconds of UT1 using integer leap-seconds for 1972 and later years. Conversion from the internal Barycentric Dynamical Time (TDB) of solar system dynamics to the non-uniform civil UT time-scale requested for output has not been determined for UTC times after the next July or January 1st. Therefore, the last known leap-second is used as a constant over future intervals. Time tags refer to the UT time-scale conversion from TDB on Earth regardless of observer location within the solar system, although clock rates may differ due to the local gravity field and no analog to "UT" may be defined for that location. Any 'b' symbol in the 1st-column denotes a B.C. date. First-column blank (" ") denotes an A.D. date. CALENDAR SYSTEM Mixed calendar mode was active such that calendar dates after AD 1582-Oct-15 (if any) are in the modern Gregorian system. Dates prior to 1582-Oct-5 (if any) are in the Julian calendar system, which is automatically extended for dates prior to its adoption on 45-Jan-1 BC. The Julian calendar is useful for matching historical dates. The Gregorian calendar more accurately corresponds to the Earth's orbital motion and seasons. A "Gregorian-only" calendar mode is available if such physical events are the primary interest. NOTE: "n.a." in output means quantity "not available" at the print-time. 'ObsEcLon ObsEcLat' = Observer-centered IAU76/80 ecliptic-of-date longitude and latitude of the target centers' apparent position, with light-time, gravitational deflection of light, and stellar aberrations. Units: DEGREES Computations by ... Solar System Dynamics Group, Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Pasadena, CA 91109 USA General site: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ Mailing list: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/email_list.html System news : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/news.html User Guide : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/manual.html Connect : browser https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/app.html#/x API https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/doc/horizons.html command-line telnet ssd.jpl.nasa.gov 6775 e-mail/batch https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/hrzn_batch.txt scripts https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/SCRIPTS Author : Jon.D.Giorgini@jpl.nasa.gov ******************************************************************************* !$$SOF COMMAND = '199' START_TIME = '2048-1-1' STOP_TIME = '2048-9-30' STEP_SIZE = '1 day' QUANTITIES = '31'