******************************************************************************* JPL/HORIZONS Great comet (C/1861 J1) 2024-May-07 03:00:23 Rec #:90001694 Soln.date: - # obs: 1156 (1861-1862) IAU76/J2000 helio. ecliptic osc. elements (au, days, deg., period=Julian yrs): EPOCH= 2400920.5 ! 1861-May-25.0000000 (TDB) RMSW= n.a. EC= .98507 QR= .822384 TP= 2400938.5068000001 OM= 280.9099 W= 330.0841 IN= 85.44240000000001 A= 55.0826523777629 MA= 359.9565871449668 ADIST= 109.3429207555258 PER= 408.8184328332 N= .002410914 ANGMOM= .021978937 DAN= .88061 DDN= 11.16749 L= 278.2920683 B= -29.8117091 TP= 1861-Jun-12.0068000001 Comet physical (GM= km^3/s^2; RAD= km): GM= n.a. RAD= n.a. M1= n.a. M2= n.a. k1= n.a. k2= n.a. PHCOF= n.a. COMET comments 1: soln ref.= SAO_2008, data arc: 1861-05-27 to 1862-05-01 2: epoch may be 2400921.0 (hour ambiguous: 12h/0h); time units are UT, but set to E ******************************************************************************* ******************************************************************************* Ephemeris / WWW_USER Tue May 7 03:00:23 2024 Pasadena, USA / Horizons ******************************************************************************* Target body name: Great comet (C/1861 J1) {source: SAO_200820} Center body name: Earth (399) {source: DE441} Center-site name: GEOCENTRIC ******************************************************************************* Start time : A.D. 1861-Jun-29 00:00:00.0000 UT Stop time : A.D. 1861-Jul-01 00:00:00.0000 UT Step-size : 60 minutes ******************************************************************************* Target pole/equ : undefined Target radii : undefined Center geodetic : 0.0, 0.0, -6378.137 {E-lon(deg),Lat(deg),Alt(km)} Center cylindric: 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 {E-lon(deg),Dxy(km),Dz(km)} Center pole/equ : ITRF93 {East-longitude positive} Center radii : 6378.137, 6378.137, 6356.752 km {Equator_a, b, pole_c} Target primary : Sun Vis. interferer : MOON (R_eq= 1737.400) km {source: DE441} Rel. light bend : Sun {source: DE441} Rel. lght bnd GM: 1.3271E+11 km^3/s^2 Small-body perts: Yes {source: SB441-N16} Atmos refraction: NO (AIRLESS) RA format : HMS Time format : CAL Calendar mode : Mixed Julian/Gregorian EOP file : eop.240506.p240730 EOP coverage : DATA-BASED 1962-JAN-20 TO 2024-MAY-06. PREDICTS-> 2024-JUL-29 Units conversion: 1 au= 149597870.700 km, c= 299792.458 km/s, 1 day= 86400.0 s Table cut-offs 1: Elevation (-90.0deg=NO ),Airmass (>38.000=NO), Daylight (NO ) Table cut-offs 2: Solar elongation ( 0.0,180.0=NO ),Local Hour Angle( 0.0=NO ) Table cut-offs 3: RA/DEC angular rate ( 0.0=NO ) ******************************************************************************* Initial IAU76/J2000 heliocentric ecliptic osculating elements (au, days, deg.): EPOCH= 2400920.5 ! 1861-May-25.0000000 (TDB) RMSW= n.a. EC= .98507 QR= .822384 TP= 2400938.5068000001 OM= 280.9099 W= 330.0841 IN= 85.44240000000001 Equivalent ICRF heliocentric cartesian coordinates (au, au/d): X= 1.858982303452826E-02 Y=-7.962556672707560E-02 Z=-8.848687004691421E-01 VX= 4.890562708690100E-03 VY=-2.348137356412693E-02 VZ= 9.237174540013132E-03 Comet physical (GM= km^3/s^2; RAD= km): GM= n.a. RAD= n.a. M1= n.a. M2= n.a. k1= n.a. k2= n.a. PHCOF= n.a. ********************************************************************************************************************** Date__(UT)__HR:MN r rdot delta deldot VmagSn VmagOb S-O-T /r ********************************************************************************************************************** $$SOE 1861-Jun-29 00:00 0.881711501381 11.5461544 0.13844752847674 -14.7527261 44.6789790 51.2924052 11.8742 /L 1861-Jun-29 01:00 0.881989648733 11.5695268 0.13809763919209 -14.3251743 44.6718773 51.2912720 11.7640 /L 1861-Jun-29 02:00 0.882268357789 11.5928684 0.13775807762751 -13.8944572 44.6647646 51.2901106 11.6711 /L 1861-Jun-29 03:00 0.882547627803 11.6161792 0.13742891913461 -13.4606420 44.6576410 51.2889212 11.5962 /L 1861-Jun-29 04:00 0.882827458028 11.6394592 0.13711023740581 -13.0237991 44.6505064 51.2877038 11.5399 /L 1861-Jun-29 05:00 0.883107847718 11.6627083 0.13680210439897 -12.5840024 44.6433609 51.2864583 11.5028 /L 1861-Jun-29 06:00 0.883388796126 11.6859266 0.13650459026117 -12.1413285 44.6362045 51.2851849 11.4854 /L 1861-Jun-29 07:00 0.883670302504 11.7091139 0.13621776325407 -11.6958573 44.6290374 51.2838837 11.4880 /L 1861-Jun-29 08:00 0.883952366105 11.7322704 0.13594168968010 -11.2476717 44.6218594 51.2825545 11.5109 /L 1861-Jun-29 09:00 0.884234986181 11.7553959 0.13567643380889 -10.7968577 44.6146707 51.2811976 11.5542 /L 1861-Jun-29 10:00 0.884518161983 11.7784905 0.13542205780603 -10.3435042 44.6074713 51.2798129 11.6179 /L 1861-Jun-29 11:00 0.884801892762 11.8015542 0.13517862166215 -9.8877030 44.6002611 51.2784004 11.7020 /L 1861-Jun-29 12:00 0.885086177769 11.8245869 0.13494618312417 -9.4295486 44.5930404 51.2769603 11.8061 /L 1861-Jun-29 13:00 0.885371016256 11.8475886 0.13472479762830 -8.9691385 44.5858090 51.2754926 11.9300 /L 1861-Jun-29 14:00 0.885656407471 11.8705593 0.13451451823430 -8.5065728 44.5785671 51.2739973 12.0732 /L 1861-Jun-29 15:00 0.885942350666 11.8934990 0.13431539556267 -8.0419540 44.5713147 51.2724744 12.2353 /L 1861-Jun-29 16:00 0.886228845090 11.9164076 0.13412747773317 -7.5753874 44.5640517 51.2709241 12.4157 /L 1861-Jun-29 17:00 0.886515889993 11.9392852 0.13395081030641 -7.1069803 44.5567783 51.2693463 12.6136 /L 1861-Jun-29 18:00 0.886803484624 11.9621317 0.13378543622776 -6.6368427 44.5494944 51.2677411 12.8285 /L 1861-Jun-29 19:00 0.887091628231 11.9849472 0.13363139577367 -6.1650865 44.5422002 51.2661086 13.0596 /L 1861-Jun-29 20:00 0.887380320064 12.0077316 0.13348872650140 -5.6918256 44.5348956 51.2644487 13.3061 /L 1861-Jun-29 21:00 0.887669559371 12.0304848 0.13335746320117 -5.2171760 44.5275807 51.2627616 13.5674 /L 1861-Jun-29 22:00 0.887959345401 12.0532070 0.13323763785177 -4.7412554 44.5202555 51.2610473 13.8425 /L 1861-Jun-29 23:00 0.888249677401 12.0758980 0.13312927957950 -4.2641831 44.5129200 51.2593058 14.1308 /L 1861-Jun-30 00:00 0.888540554619 12.0985579 0.13303241462008 -3.7860799 44.5055744 51.2575372 14.4315 /L 1861-Jun-30 01:00 0.888831976304 12.1211866 0.13294706628451 -3.3070682 44.4982186 51.2557415 14.7439 /L 1861-Jun-30 02:00 0.889123941702 12.1437841 0.13287325492819 -2.8272712 44.4908526 51.2539188 15.0673 /L 1861-Jun-30 03:00 0.889416450061 12.1663505 0.13281099792386 -2.3468134 44.4834765 51.2520691 15.4009 /L 1861-Jun-30 04:00 0.889709500628 12.1888857 0.13276030963836 -1.8658202 44.4760904 51.2501925 15.7442 /L 1861-Jun-30 05:00 0.890003092651 12.2113897 0.13272120141305 -1.3844176 44.4686943 51.2482890 16.0964 /L 1861-Jun-30 06:00 0.890297225375 12.2338624 0.13269368154830 -0.9027322 44.4612881 51.2463586 16.4570 /L 1861-Jun-30 07:00 0.890591898048 12.2563039 0.13267775529179 -0.4208912 44.4538720 51.2444014 16.8253 /L 1861-Jun-30 08:00 0.890887109916 12.2787142 0.13267342483086 0.0609783 44.4464460 51.2424175 17.2008 /L 1861-Jun-30 09:00 0.891182860226 12.3010933 0.13268068928888 0.5427488 44.4390101 51.2404069 17.5831 /L 1861-Jun-30 10:00 0.891479148224 12.3234410 0.13269954472556 1.0242931 44.4315643 51.2383696 17.9715 /L 1861-Jun-30 11:00 0.891775973156 12.3457575 0.13272998414132 1.5054843 44.4241088 51.2363057 18.3656 /L 1861-Jun-30 12:00 0.892073334268 12.3680428 0.13277199748567 1.9861958 44.4166434 51.2342152 18.7650 /L 1861-Jun-30 13:00 0.892371230807 12.3902967 0.13282557166951 2.4663016 44.4091683 51.2320983 19.1692 /L 1861-Jun-30 14:00 0.892669662017 12.4125194 0.13289069058147 2.9456764 44.4016835 51.2299548 19.5779 /L 1861-Jun-30 15:00 0.892968627146 12.4347107 0.13296733510807 3.4241961 44.3941891 51.2277850 19.9906 /L 1861-Jun-30 16:00 0.893268125438 12.4568707 0.13305548315759 3.9017374 44.3866850 51.2255887 20.4069 /L 1861-Jun-30 17:00 0.893568156140 12.4789994 0.13315510968804 4.3781782 44.3791713 51.2233662 20.8266 /L 1861-Jun-30 18:00 0.893868718496 12.5010968 0.13326618673839 4.8533981 44.3716481 51.2211173 21.2493 /L 1861-Jun-30 19:00 0.894169811753 12.5231628 0.13338868346371 5.3272779 44.3641153 51.2188422 21.6746 /L 1861-Jun-30 20:00 0.894471435156 12.5451975 0.13352256617365 5.7997002 44.3565730 51.2165410 22.1024 /L 1861-Jun-30 21:00 0.894773587951 12.5672008 0.13366779837416 6.2705494 44.3490213 51.2142135 22.5323 /L 1861-Jun-30 22:00 0.895076269381 12.5891728 0.13382434081282 6.7397119 44.3414602 51.2118600 22.9640 /L 1861-Jun-30 23:00 0.895379478694 12.6111134 0.13399215152678 7.2070759 44.3338897 51.2094805 23.3973 /T 1861-Jul-01 00:00 0.895683215134 12.6330226 0.13417118589422 7.6725322 44.3263099 51.2070749 23.8320 /T $$EOE ********************************************************************************************************************** Column meaning: TIME Times PRIOR to 1962 are UT1, a mean-solar time closely related to the prior but now-deprecated GMT. Times AFTER 1962 are in UTC, the current civil or "wall-clock" time-scale. UTC is kept within 0.9 seconds of UT1 using integer leap-seconds for 1972 and later years. Conversion from the internal Barycentric Dynamical Time (TDB) of solar system dynamics to the non-uniform civil UT time-scale requested for output has not been determined for UTC times after the next July or January 1st. Therefore, the last known leap-second is used as a constant over future intervals. Time tags refer to the UT time-scale conversion from TDB on Earth regardless of observer location within the solar system, although clock rates may differ due to the local gravity field and no analog to "UT" may be defined for that location. Any 'b' symbol in the 1st-column denotes a B.C. date. First-column blank (" ") denotes an A.D. date. CALENDAR SYSTEM Mixed calendar mode was active such that calendar dates after AD 1582-Oct-15 (if any) are in the modern Gregorian system. Dates prior to 1582-Oct-5 (if any) are in the Julian calendar system, which is automatically extended for dates prior to its adoption on 45-Jan-1 BC. The Julian calendar is useful for matching historical dates. The Gregorian calendar more accurately corresponds to the Earth's orbital motion and seasons. A "Gregorian-only" calendar mode is available if such physical events are the primary interest. NOTE: "n.a." in output means quantity "not available" at the print-time. 'r rdot' = The Sun's apparent range ("r", light-time aberrated) and range-rate ("rdot") relative to the target center, as seen by the observer. A positive "rdot" means the target center was moving away from the Sun, negative means moving toward the Sun. Units: AU and KM/S 'delta deldot' = Apparent range ("delta", light-time aberrated) and range-rate ("delta-dot") of the target center relative to the observer. A positive "deldot" means the target center is moving away from the observer, negative indicates movement toward the observer. Units: AU and KM/S 'VmagSn VmagOb' = Magnitude of target centers' velocity with respect to the Sun ("VmagSn") and the observer ("VmagOb") at the time light left the target center to be observed (print time minus down-leg light-time). These are absolute values of the velocity vectors (total speeds) and do NOT indicate direction of motion. Units: KM/S 'S-O-T /r' = Sun-Observer-Target apparent SOLAR ELONGATION ANGLE seen from the observers' location at print-time. The '/r' column provides a code indicating the targets' apparent position relative to the Sun in the observers' sky, as described below: Case A: For an observing location on the surface of a rotating body, that body rotational sense is considered: /T indicates target TRAILS Sun (evening sky: rises and sets AFTER Sun) /L indicates target LEADS Sun (morning sky: rises and sets BEFORE Sun) Case B: For an observing point that does not have a rotational model (such as a spacecraft), the "leading" and "trailing" condition is defined by the observers' heliocentric ORBITAL motion: * If continuing in the observers' current direction of heliocentric motion would encounter the targets' apparent longitude first, followed by the Sun's, the target LEADS the Sun as seen by the observer. * If the Sun's apparent longitude would be encountered first, followed by the targets', the target TRAILS the Sun. Two other codes can be output: /* indicates observer is Sun-centered (undefined) /? Target is aligned with Sun center (no lead or trail) The S-O-T solar elongation angle is numerically the minimum separation angle of the Sun and target in the sky in any direction. It does NOT indicate the amount of separation in the leading or trailing directions, which would be defined along the equator of a spherical coordinate system. Units: DEGREES Computations by ... Solar System Dynamics Group, Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Pasadena, CA 91109 USA General site: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ Mailing list: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/email_list.html System news : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/news.html User Guide : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/manual.html Connect : browser https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/app.html#/x API https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/doc/horizons.html command-line telnet ssd.jpl.nasa.gov 6775 e-mail/batch https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/hrzn_batch.txt scripts https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/SCRIPTS Author : Jon.D.Giorgini@jpl.nasa.gov ********************************************************************************************************************** !$$SOF COMMAND = '1861 J1' START_TIME = '1861-Jun-29' STOP_TIME = '1861-Jul-01' STEP_SIZE = '1 hour' QUANTITIES = '19,20,22,23'