******************************************************************************* JPL/HORIZONS Catalina (C/2012 J1) 2026-Jun-13 08:18:30 Rec #:90004172 (+COV) Soln.date: 2021-Apr-15_23:32:08 # obs: 4401 (2012-2014) IAU76/J2000 helio. ecliptic osc. elements (au, days, deg., period=Julian yrs): EPOCH= 2456247.5 ! 2012-Nov-16.0000000 (TDB) RMSW= n.a. EC= 1.001327766442323 QR= 3.158710755121596 TP= 2456268.7342850943 OM= 235.2170616046954 W= 147.2727329549897 IN= 34.18608906305249 A= -2378.965648201812 MA= -.000180367988272546ADIST= 9.999999E99 PER= 9.999999E99 N= 8.494E-6 ANGMOM= .043250933 DAN= 40.10429 DDN= 3.43124 L= 27.2210573 B= 17.6845761 MOID= 2.21955991 TP= 2012-Dec-07.2342850943 Comet physical (GM= km^3/s^2; RAD= km): GM= n.a. RAD= n.a. M1= 6. M2= 10.5 k1= 12. k2= 5. PHCOF= .030 COMET comments 1: soln ref.= JPL#80, data arc: 2012-05-13 to 2014-03-21 2: k1=12., k2=5., phase coef.=0.03; ******************************************************************************* ******************************************************************************* Ephemeris / WWW_USER Sat Jun 13 08:18:30 2026 Pasadena, USA / Horizons ******************************************************************************* Target body name: Catalina (C/2012 J1) {source: JPL#80} Center body name: Earth (399) {source: DE441} Center-site name: GEOCENTRIC ******************************************************************************* Start time : A.D. 2022-Jan-01 10:00:00.0000 UT Stop time : A.D. 2022-Jan-02 00:00:00.0000 UT Step-size : 60 minutes ******************************************************************************* Target pole/equ : undefined Target radii : undefined Center geodetic : 0.0, 0.0, -6378.137 {E-lon(deg),Lat(deg),Alt(km)} Center cylindric: 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 {E-lon(deg),Dxy(km),Dz(km)} Center pole/equ : ITRF93 {East-longitude positive} Center radii : 6378.137, 6378.137, 6356.752 km {Equator_a, b, pole_c} Target primary : Sun Vis. interferer : MOON (R_eq= 1737.400) km {source: DE441} Rel. light bend : Sun {source: DE441} Rel. lght bnd GM: 1.3271E+11 km^3/s^2 Small-body perts: Yes {source: SB441-N16} Atmos refraction: NO (AIRLESS) RA format : HMS Time format : CAL Calendar mode : Mixed Julian/Gregorian EOP file : eop.260612.p260908 EOP coverage : DATA-BASED 1962-JAN-20 TO 2026-JUN-12. PREDICTS-> 2026-SEP-07 Units conversion: 1 au= 149597870.700 km, c= 299792.458 km/s, 1 day= 86400.0 s Table cut-offs 1: Elevation (-90.0deg=NO ),Airmass (>38.000=NO), Daylight (NO ) Table cut-offs 2: Solar elongation ( 0.0,180.0=NO ),Local Hour Angle( 0.0=NO ) Table cut-offs 3: RA/DEC angular rate ( 0.0=NO ) ******************************************************************************* Initial IAU76/J2000 heliocentric ecliptic osculating elements (au, days, deg.): EPOCH= 2456247.5 ! 2012-Nov-16.0000000 (TDB) RMSW= n.a. EC= 1.001327766442323 QR= 3.158710755121596 TP= 2456268.7342850943 OM= 235.2170616046954 W= 147.2727329549897 IN= 34.18608906305249 Equivalent ICRF heliocentric cartesian coordinates (au, au/d): X= 2.746936762925286E+00 Y= 6.006276406439288E-01 Z= 1.453726282614378E+00 VX=-3.063367822330049E-03 VY= 1.328761261943318E-02 VZ=-1.070713561916993E-03 Comet physical (GM= km^3/s^2; RAD= km): GM= n.a. RAD= n.a. M1= 6. M2= 10.5 k1= 12. k2= 5. PHCOF= .030 ******************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** Date__(UT)__HR:MN R.A._____(ICRF)_____DEC R.A.__(a-apparent)__DEC dRA*cosD d(DEC)/dt Azi____(a-app)___Elev dAZ*cosE d(ELV)/dt X_(sat-primary)_Y SatPANG L_Ap_Sid_Time a-mass mag_ex T-mag N-mag Illu% Def_illu ang-sep/v Ang-diam ObsSub-LON ObsSub-LAT SunSub-LON SunSub-LAT SN.ang SN.dist NP.ang NP.dist hEcl-Lon hEcl-Lat r rdot delta deldot 1-way_down_LT VmagSn VmagOb S-O-T /r S-T-O T-O-M/MN_Illu% O-P-T PsAng PsAMV PlAng Cnst TDB-UT ObsEcLon ObsEcLat N.Pole-RA N.Pole-DC GlxLon GlxLat L_Ap_SOL_Time 399_ins_LT RA_3sigma DEC_3sigma SMAA_3sig SMIA_3sig Theta Area_3sig POS_3sigma RNG_3sigma RNGRT_3sig DOP_S_3sig DOP_X_3sig RT_delay_3sig Tru_Anom L_Ap_Hour_Ang phi PAB-LON PAB-LAT App_Lon_Sun RA_(ICRF-a-apparnt)_DEC I_dRA*cosD I_d(DEC)/dt Sky_motion Sky_mot_PA RelVel-ANG Lun_Sky_Brt sky_SNR UT1-UTC ******************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** $$SOE 2022-Jan-01 10:00 10 02 14.42 -24 26 38.7 10 03 15.58 -24 32 51.0 -3.73874 -1.92204 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. -434476. -5621.70 228.058 n.a. n.a. n.a. 28.698 23.907 99.95658 n.a. 406236.2/* n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 131.08 0.00 n.a. n.a. 160.0299 -33.1872 21.75457745090 8.3712910 21.3538441712050 -13.7290941 177.59450658 9.0452049 22.7066888 112.8434 /L 2.3897 96.2/ 2.8123 64.5267 311.107 281.867 1.07124 Hya 69.183903 163.0709319 -33.8896913 n.a. n.a. 260.717931 24.244599 n.a. 0.000000 0.997 0.247 1.024 0.083 -13.176 0.2673149 1.027 20163.6187 0.0001088 2.79 10.14 0.134517 135.3593 n.a. 2.3879 161.3921 -33.5477 n.a. 10 02 15.38 -24 26 33.5 -3.73652 -1.92635 0.0700642 242.79290 -37.20598 n.a. n.a. -0.11046 2022-Jan-01 11:00 10 02 14.15 -24 26 40.6 10 03 15.31 -24 32 52.9 -3.74246 -1.91893 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. -434644. -5636.21 228.028 n.a. n.a. n.a. 28.698 23.907 99.95660 n.a. 406359.5/* n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 131.11 0.00 n.a. n.a. 160.0302 -33.1871 21.75477891079 8.3712595 21.3535139038781 -13.7201750 177.59175983 9.0451638 22.7075529 112.8776 /L 2.3891 96.7/ 2.6470 64.4931 311.136 281.866 1.07202 Hya 69.183904 163.0700724 -33.8906116 n.a. n.a. 260.717462 24.243514 n.a. 0.000000 0.997 0.247 1.024 0.083 -13.177 0.2673154 1.027 20164.2461 0.0001088 2.79 10.15 0.134521 135.3595 n.a. 2.3873 161.3918 -33.5482 n.a. 10 02 15.11 -24 26 35.4 -3.74024 -1.92325 0.0700957 242.85363 -37.17608 n.a. n.a. -0.11046 2022-Jan-01 12:00 10 02 13.87 -24 26 42.6 10 03 15.04 -24 32 54.9 -3.74617 -1.91583 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. -434811. -5650.77 227.998 n.a. n.a. n.a. 28.698 23.907 99.95663 n.a. 406482.8/* n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 131.14 0.00 n.a. n.a. 160.0304 -33.1871 21.75498036992 8.3712280 21.3531838513436 -13.7112422 177.58901487 9.0451227 22.7084212 112.9119 /L 2.3885 97.2/ 2.4867 64.4596 311.164 281.864 1.07281 Hya 69.183906 163.0692114 -33.8915315 n.a. n.a. 260.716991 24.242428 n.a. 0.000000 0.997 0.247 1.024 0.083 -13.179 0.2673160 1.027 20164.8738 0.0001088 2.79 10.15 0.134526 135.3597 n.a. 2.3867 161.3915 -33.5486 n.a. 10 02 14.84 -24 26 37.3 -3.74396 -1.92015 0.0701273 242.91431 -37.14614 n.a. n.a. -0.11045 2022-Jan-01 13:00 10 02 13.60 -24 26 44.5 10 03 14.76 -24 32 56.8 -3.74988 -1.91273 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. -434979. -5665.37 227.968 n.a. n.a. n.a. 28.698 23.907 99.95665 n.a. 406606.0/* n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 131.17 0.00 n.a. n.a. 160.0307 -33.1871 21.75518182828 8.3711965 21.3528540139301 -13.7022958 177.58627169 9.0450816 22.7092936 112.9461 /L 2.3878 97.7/ 2.3314 64.4260 311.193 281.863 1.07359 Hya 69.183907 163.0683487 -33.8924511 n.a. n.a. 260.716519 24.241343 n.a. 0.000000 0.997 0.247 1.024 0.083 -13.180 0.2673165 1.027 20165.5017 0.0001088 2.79 10.16 0.134530 135.3599 n.a. 2.3860 161.3911 -33.5490 n.a. 10 02 14.56 -24 26 39.2 -3.74767 -1.91705 0.0701588 242.97493 -37.11616 n.a. n.a. -0.11045 2022-Jan-01 14:00 10 02 13.32 -24 26 46.4 10 03 14.49 -24 32 58.7 -3.75359 -1.90962 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. -435146. -5680.01 227.938 n.a. n.a. n.a. 28.698 23.907 99.95667 n.a. 406729.3/* n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 131.20 0.00 n.a. n.a. 160.0310 -33.1870 21.75538328588 8.3711651 21.3525243919662 -13.6933357 177.58353031 9.0450405 22.7101702 112.9804 /L 2.3872 98.1/ 2.1812 64.3924 311.222 281.861 1.07437 Hya 69.183908 163.0674846 -33.8933703 n.a. n.a. 260.716045 24.240258 n.a. 0.000000 0.997 0.247 1.024 0.083 -13.182 0.2673170 1.027 20166.1300 0.0001088 2.80 10.16 0.134534 135.3601 n.a. 2.3854 161.3908 -33.5495 n.a. 10 02 14.29 -24 26 41.2 -3.75139 -1.91395 0.0701904 243.03550 -37.08615 n.a. n.a. -0.11044 2022-Jan-01 15:00 10 02 13.05 -24 26 48.3 10 03 14.22 -24 33 00.6 -3.75730 -1.90651 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. -435314. -5694.70 227.908 n.a. n.a. n.a. 28.698 23.907 99.95670 n.a. 406852.5/* n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 131.22 0.00 n.a. n.a. 160.0312 -33.1870 21.75558474271 8.3711336 21.3521949857804 -13.6843620 177.58079072 9.0449994 22.7110509 113.0146 /L 2.3866 98.6/ 2.0360 64.3588 311.251 281.860 1.07515 Hya 69.183909 163.0666188 -33.8942892 n.a. n.a. 260.715570 24.239172 n.a. 0.000000 0.997 0.247 1.024 0.083 -13.183 0.2673175 1.027 20166.7587 0.0001088 2.80 10.17 0.134538 135.3603 n.a. 2.3848 161.3905 -33.5499 n.a. 10 02 14.02 -24 26 43.1 -3.75510 -1.91085 0.0702221 243.09602 -37.05610 n.a. n.a. -0.11043 2022-Jan-01 16:00 10 02 12.77 -24 26 50.2 10 03 13.94 -24 33 02.6 -3.76100 -1.90341 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. -435482. -5709.44 227.878 n.a. n.a. n.a. 28.698 23.907 99.95672 n.a. 406975.7/* n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 131.25 0.00 n.a. n.a. 160.0315 -33.1870 21.75578619879 8.3711021 21.3518657957010 -13.6753746 177.57805293 9.0449583 22.7119358 113.0488 /L 2.3860 99.1/ 1.8959 64.3253 311.280 281.858 1.07593 Hya 69.183910 163.0657515 -33.8952077 n.a. n.a. 260.715093 24.238087 n.a. 0.000000 0.997 0.247 1.024 0.083 -13.184 0.2673180 1.027 20167.3876 0.0001088 2.80 10.17 0.134542 135.3605 n.a. 2.3842 161.3902 -33.5504 n.a. 10 02 13.74 -24 26 45.0 -3.75880 -1.90775 0.0702537 243.15649 -37.02602 n.a. n.a. -0.11043 2022-Jan-01 17:00 10 02 12.50 -24 26 52.1 10 03 13.67 -24 33 04.5 -3.76471 -1.90030 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. -435649. -5724.22 227.848 n.a. n.a. n.a. 28.698 23.907 99.95674 n.a. 407098.9/* n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 131.28 0.00 n.a. n.a. 160.0317 -33.1869 21.75598765409 8.3710706 21.3515368220560 -13.6663736 177.57531694 9.0449173 22.7128248 113.0830 /L 2.3853 99.6/ 1.7610 64.2917 311.309 281.857 1.07671 Hya 69.183912 163.0648826 -33.8961259 n.a. n.a. 260.714615 24.237001 n.a. 0.000000 0.997 0.247 1.024 0.083 -13.186 0.2673185 1.027 20168.0168 0.0001088 2.80 10.18 0.134547 135.3608 n.a. 2.3835 161.3899 -33.5508 n.a. 10 02 13.47 -24 26 46.9 -3.76251 -1.90464 0.0702854 243.21690 -36.99589 n.a. n.a. -0.11042 2022-Jan-01 18:00 10 02 12.22 -24 26 54.0 10 03 13.39 -24 33 06.4 -3.76840 -1.89718 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. -435817. -5739.04 227.818 n.a. n.a. n.a. 28.698 23.907 99.95676 n.a. 407222.1/* n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 131.31 0.00 n.a. n.a. 160.0320 -33.1869 21.75618910864 8.3710391 21.3512080651734 -13.6573590 177.57258275 9.0448762 22.7137179 113.1172 /L 2.3847 100.1/ 1.6311 64.2582 311.338 281.855 1.07749 Hya 69.183913 163.0640122 -33.8970437 n.a. n.a. 260.714136 24.235916 n.a. 0.000000 0.997 0.247 1.024 0.083 -13.187 0.2673190 1.027 20168.6464 0.0001088 2.80 10.18 0.134551 135.3610 n.a. 2.3829 161.3896 -33.5512 n.a. 10 02 13.19 -24 26 48.8 -3.76621 -1.90153 0.0703171 243.27726 -36.96573 n.a. n.a. -0.11041 2022-Jan-01 19:00 10 02 11.95 -24 26 55.9 10 03 13.12 -24 33 08.3 -3.77210 -1.89407 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. -435985. -5753.91 227.788 n.a. n.a. n.a. 28.698 23.906 99.95679 n.a. 407345.2/* n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 131.34 0.00 n.a. n.a. 160.0322 -33.1869 21.75639056242 8.3710076 21.3508795253809 -13.6483307 177.56985037 9.0448351 22.7146151 113.1514 /L 2.3841 100.6/ 1.5065 64.2246 311.367 281.854 1.07826 Hya 69.183914 163.0631402 -33.8979612 n.a. n.a. 260.713655 24.234831 n.a. 0.000000 0.997 0.247 1.024 0.083 -13.189 0.2673194 1.027 20169.2762 0.0001088 2.80 10.19 0.134555 135.3612 n.a. 2.3823 161.3892 -33.5517 n.a. 10 02 12.92 -24 26 50.7 -3.76991 -1.89843 0.0703488 243.33756 -36.93554 n.a. n.a. -0.11041 2022-Jan-01 20:00 10 02 11.67 -24 26 57.8 10 03 12.84 -24 33 10.2 -3.77580 -1.89096 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. -436153. -5768.82 227.758 n.a. n.a. n.a. 28.698 23.906 99.95681 n.a. 407468.4/* n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 131.37 0.00 n.a. n.a. 160.0325 -33.1868 21.75659201543 8.3709762 21.3505512030062 -13.6392889 177.56711980 9.0447940 22.7155165 113.1857 /L 2.3835 101.1/ 1.3869 64.1911 311.396 281.852 1.07904 Hya 69.183915 163.0622667 -33.8988783 n.a. n.a. 260.713173 24.233745 n.a. 0.000000 0.997 0.247 1.024 0.083 -13.190 0.2673199 1.027 20169.9064 0.0001088 2.80 10.19 0.134559 135.3614 n.a. 2.3816 161.3889 -33.5521 n.a. 10 02 12.64 -24 26 52.7 -3.77361 -1.89532 0.0703806 243.39782 -36.90531 n.a. n.a. -0.11040 2022-Jan-01 21:00 10 02 11.39 -24 26 59.7 10 03 12.57 -24 33 12.1 -3.77949 -1.88784 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. -436321. -5783.78 227.728 n.a. n.a. n.a. 28.698 23.906 99.95683 n.a. 407591.5/* n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 131.40 0.00 n.a. n.a. 160.0328 -33.1868 21.75679346769 8.3709447 21.3502230983767 -13.6302334 177.56439103 9.0447529 22.7164220 113.2199 /L 2.3828 101.6/ 1.2726 64.1576 311.425 281.851 1.07982 Hya 69.183917 163.0613915 -33.8997951 n.a. n.a. 260.712689 24.232659 n.a. 0.000000 0.997 0.247 1.024 0.083 -13.192 0.2673204 1.027 20170.5369 0.0001088 2.81 10.20 0.134563 135.3616 n.a. 2.3810 161.3886 -33.5525 n.a. 10 02 12.37 -24 26 54.6 -3.77730 -1.89220 0.0704124 243.45802 -36.87504 n.a. n.a. -0.11039 2022-Jan-01 22:00 10 02 11.12 -24 27 01.6 10 03 12.29 -24 33 14.0 -3.78318 -1.88472 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. -436489. -5798.78 227.697 n.a. n.a. n.a. 28.698 23.906 99.95686 n.a. 407714.6/* n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 131.43 0.00 n.a. n.a. 160.0330 -33.1868 21.75699491918 8.3709132 21.3498952118195 -13.6211644 177.56166408 9.0447119 22.7173315 113.2541 /L 2.3822 102.0/ 1.1635 64.1240 311.454 281.849 1.08060 Hya 69.183918 163.0605149 -33.9007115 n.a. n.a. 260.712204 24.231574 n.a. 0.000000 0.997 0.247 1.024 0.083 -13.193 0.2673208 1.027 20171.1676 0.0001088 2.81 10.20 0.134568 135.3618 n.a. 2.3804 161.3883 -33.5530 n.a. 10 02 12.09 -24 26 56.5 -3.78100 -1.88909 0.0704442 243.51817 -36.84473 n.a. n.a. -0.11038 2022-Jan-01 23:00 10 02 10.84 -24 27 03.5 10 03 12.02 -24 33 15.9 -3.78686 -1.88161 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. -436657. -5813.82 227.667 n.a. n.a. n.a. 28.698 23.906 99.95688 n.a. 407837.7/* n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 131.46 0.00 n.a. n.a. 160.0333 -33.1867 21.75719636990 8.3708817 21.3495675436618 -13.6120818 177.55893895 9.0446708 22.7182452 113.2882 /L 2.3816 102.5/ 1.0595 64.0905 311.483 281.848 1.08137 Hya 69.183919 163.0596366 -33.9016276 n.a. n.a. 260.711717 24.230488 n.a. 0.000000 0.997 0.247 1.024 0.083 -13.194 0.2673213 1.027 20171.7987 0.0001088 2.81 10.21 0.134572 135.3620 n.a. 2.3797 161.3880 -33.5534 n.a. 10 02 11.81 -24 26 58.4 -3.78469 -1.88598 0.0704761 243.57826 -36.81439 n.a. n.a. -0.11037 2022-Jan-02 00:00 10 02 10.56 -24 27 05.4 10 03 11.74 -24 33 17.8 -3.79055 -1.87849 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. -436825. -5828.91 227.637 n.a. n.a. n.a. 28.698 23.906 99.95690 n.a. 407960.8/* n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 131.48 0.00 n.a. n.a. 160.0335 -33.1867 21.75739781986 8.3708502 21.3492400942303 -13.6029855 177.55621564 9.0446297 22.7191629 113.3224 /L 2.3809 103.0/ 0.9608 64.0570 311.512 281.846 1.08215 Hya 69.183920 163.0587568 -33.9025432 n.a. n.a. 260.711229 24.229403 n.a. 0.000000 0.997 0.247 1.024 0.083 -13.196 0.2673217 1.027 20172.4301 0.0001088 2.81 10.21 0.134576 135.3622 n.a. 2.3791 161.3876 -33.5538 n.a. 10 02 11.54 -24 27 00.2 -3.78837 -1.88286 0.0705080 243.63830 -36.78402 n.a. n.a. -0.11036 $$EOE ******************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** Column meaning: TIME Times PRIOR to 1962 are UT1, a mean-solar time closely related to the prior but now-deprecated GMT. Times AFTER 1962 are in UTC, the current civil or "wall-clock" time-scale. UTC is kept within 0.9 seconds of UT1 using integer leap-seconds for 1972 and later years. Conversion from the internal Barycentric Dynamical Time (TDB) of solar system dynamics to the non-uniform civil UT time-scale requested for output has not been determined for UTC times after the next July or January 1st. Therefore, the last known leap-second is used as a constant over future intervals. Time tags refer to the UT time-scale conversion from TDB on Earth regardless of observer location within the solar system, although clock rates may differ due to the local gravity field and no analog to "UT" may be defined for that location. Any 'b' symbol in the 1st-column denotes a B.C. date. First-column blank (" ") denotes an A.D. date. CALENDAR SYSTEM Mixed calendar mode was active such that calendar dates after AD 1582-Oct-15 (if any) are in the modern Gregorian system. Dates prior to 1582-Oct-5 (if any) are in the Julian calendar system, which is automatically extended for dates prior to its adoption on 45-Jan-1 BC. The Julian calendar is useful for matching historical dates. The Gregorian calendar more accurately corresponds to the Earth's orbital motion and seasons. A "Gregorian-only" calendar mode is available if such physical events are the primary interest. NOTE: "n.a." in output means quantity "not available" at the print-time. STATISTICAL UNCERTAINTIES Output includes formal +/- 3 standard-deviation statistical orbit uncertainty quantities. There is a 99.7% (1-D) or 98.9% (2-D) chance the actual value is within given bounds. These statistical calculations assume observational data errors are random. If there are systematic biases (such as timing, reduction or star-catalog errors), results can be optimistic. Because the epoch covariance is mapped using linearized variational partial derivatives, results can also be optimistic for times far from the solution epoch, particularly for objects having close planetary encounters. 'R.A._____(ICRF)_____DEC' = Astrometric right ascension and declination of the target center with respect to the observing site (coordinate origin) in the reference frame of the planetary ephemeris (ICRF). Compensated for down-leg light-time delay aberration. Units: RA in hours-minutes-seconds of time, HH MM SS.ff{ffff} DEC in degrees-minutes-seconds of arc, sDD MN SC.f{ffff} 'R.A.__(a-apparent)__DEC' = Airless apparent right ascension and declination of the target center with respect to an instantaneous reference frame defined by the Earth equator of-date (z-axis) and meridian containing the Earth equinox of-date (x-axis, EOP-corrected IAU76/80). Compensated for down-leg light-time delay, gravitational deflection of light, stellar aberration, precession & nutation. Note: equinox (RA origin) is offset -53 mas from the of-date frame defined by the IAU06/00a P & N system. Units: RA in hours-minutes-seconds of time, HH MM SS.ff{ffff} DEC in degrees-minutes-seconds of arc, sDD MN SC.f{ffff} 'dRA*cosD d(DEC)/dt' = The angular rate of change in apparent RA and DEC of the target. This is with respect to the non-inertial IAU76/80 Earth true equator and equinox of-date reference frame. d(RA)/dt is multiplied by the cosine of declination to provide a linear rate in the plane-of-sky. Units: ARCSECONDS PER HOUR 'Azi____(a-app)___Elev' = Airless apparent azimuth and elevation of target center. Compensated for light-time, the gravitational deflection of light, stellar aberration, precession and nutation. Azimuth is measured clockwise from north: North(0) -> East(90) -> South(180) -> West(270) -> North (360) Elevation angle is with respect to a plane perpendicular to the reference surface local zenith direction. TOPOCENTRIC ONLY. Units: DEGREES 'dAZ*cosE d(ELV)/dt' = The rate of change of target center apparent azimuth and elevation (airless). d(AZ)/dt is multiplied by the cosine of the elevation angle. TOPOCENTRIC ONLY. Units: ARCSECOND PER MINUTE 'X_(sat-primary)_Y SatPANG' = Satellite apparent differential coordinates in the plane-of-sky with respect to the primary body along with the satellite position angle. Differential coordinates are defined in RA as: X= ((RA_sat - RA_primary) * cosine(DEC_primary)) ... and in DEC as: Y= (DEC_sat - DEC_primary) Non-lunar satellites only. "SatPANG" is the counter-clockwise (CCW) position angle from the reference-frame of-date north-pole to a line from the primary center to the satellite center. Units: ARCSECONDS (X & Y), DEGREES (pos, angle) 'L_Ap_Sid_Time' = Local Apparent Sidereal Time. The angle measured westward in the body true-equator of-date plane from the meridian containing the body-fixed observer to the meridian containing the true Earth equinox (defined by intersection of the true Earth equator of date with the ecliptic of date). TOPOCENTRIC ONLY. Units: HH MM SS.ffff (hours-minutes-seconds of time) 'a-mass mag_ex' = RELATIVE optical airmass and visual magnitude extinction. Airmass is the ratio between the absolute optical airmass for the targets' refracted CENTER point to the absolute optical airmass at zenith. Also output is the estimated visual magnitude extinction due to the atmosphere, as seen by the observer. AVAILABLE ONLY FOR TOPOCENTRIC EARTH SITES WHEN THE TARGET IS ABOVE THE HORIZON. Units: none (airmass) and magnitudes (extinction). 'T-mag N-mag' = Comets' apparent visual total magnitude ("T-mag") and nuclear magnitude ("N-mag") using the standard IAU model: T-mag= M1 + 5*log10(delta) + k1*log10(r) N-mag= M2 + 5*log10(delta) + k2*log10(r) + phcof*beta Units: MAGNITUDES 'Illu%' = Fraction of the target objects' assumed circular disk illuminated by Sun (phase), as seen by the observer. Units: PERCENT 'Def_illu' = Defect of illumination. The maximum angular width of the target body's assumed circular disk diameter NOT illuminated by the Sun. Units: ARCSECONDS 'ang-sep/v' = The angular separation between the center of the target object and the center of the (remote) primary body it revolves around, as seen by the observer, with target visibility code. Visibility codes (refers to limb-to-limb): /t = Transiting primary body disk /O = Occulted by primary body disk /p = Partial umbral eclipse /P = Occulted partial umbral eclipse /u = Total umbral eclipse /U = Occulted total umbral eclipse /- = Target is the primary body /* = None of above ("free and clear") The radius of both primary and target body is taken to be the equatorial value (maximum, given a triaxial shape). Atmospheric effects and oblateness aspect are NOT currently considered. Light-time is considered. Units: ARCSECONDS and visibility code 'Ang-diam' = The equatorial angular width of the target body full disk, if it were fully illuminated and visible to the observer. If the target body diameter is unknown "n.a." is output. Units: ARCSECONDS 'ObsSub-LON ObsSub-LAT' = Apparent planetodetic longitude and latitude of the center of the target disc seen by the OBSERVER at print-time. This is NOT exactly the same as the "nearest" sub-point for a non-spherical target shape (since the center of the disc might not be the point closest to the observer), but is generally very close if not a very irregular body shape. Down-leg light travel-time from target to observer is taken into account. Latitude is the angle between the equatorial plane and the line perpendicular to the reference ellipsoid of the body, so includes body oblateness. The reference ellipsoid is an oblate spheroid with a single flatness coefficient in which the y-axis body radius is taken to be the same value as the x-axis radius. Positive longitude is to the WEST for this target. Cartographic system is given in the header. Units: DEGREES DEGREES 'SunSub-LON SunSub-LAT' = Apparent sub-solar longitude and latitude of the Sun on the target. The apparent planetodetic longitude and latitude of the center of the target disc as seen from the Sun, as seen by the observer at print-time. This is NOT exactly the same as the "sub-solar" (nearest) point for a non-spherical target shape (since the center of the disc seen from the Sun might not be the closest point to the Sun), but is very close if not a highly irregular body shape. Light travel-time from Sun to target and from target to observer is taken into account. Latitude is the angle between the equatorial plane and the line perpendicular to the reference ellipsoid of the body. The reference ellipsoid is an oblate spheroid with a single flatness coefficient in which the y-axis body radius is taken to be the same value as the x-axis radius. Positive longitude is to the WEST for this target. Cartographic system is given in the header. Units: DEGREES DEGREES 'SN.ang SN.dist' = Targets' apparent sub-solar point position angle (counter-clockwise with respect to the direction of the true-of-date reference-frame north-pole) and its angular distance from the sub-observer point (center of disk) at print time. A negative distance indicates the sub-solar point is on the hidden hemisphere. Units: DEGREES and ARCSECONDS 'NP.ang NP.dist' = Targets' apparent north-pole position angle (counter-clockwise with respect to the direction of the true-of-date reference-frame north-pole) and its angular distance from the sub-observer point (center of disk) at observation time. A negative distance indicates the planets' north-pole is on the hidden hemisphere. Units: DEGREES and ARCSECONDS 'hEcl-Lon hEcl-Lat' = Geometric heliocentric J2000 ecliptic longitude and latitude of target center at the instant light leaves it to be observed at print time (print time minus down-leg light-time). Units: DEGREES 'r rdot' = The Sun's apparent range ("r", light-time aberrated) and range-rate ("rdot") relative to the target center, as seen by the observer. A positive "rdot" means the target center was moving away from the Sun, negative means moving toward the Sun. Units: AU and KM/S 'delta deldot' = Apparent range ("delta", light-time aberrated) and range-rate ("delta-dot") of the target center relative to the observer. A positive "deldot" means the target center is moving away from the observer, negative indicates movement toward the observer. Units: AU and KM/S '1-way_down_LT' = 1-way down-leg light-time from target center to observer. The elapsed time since light (observed at print-time) would have left or reflected off a point at the center of the target. Units: MINUTES 'VmagSn VmagOb' = Magnitude of target centers' velocity with respect to the Sun ("VmagSn") and the observer ("VmagOb") at the time light left the target center to be observed (print time minus down-leg light-time). These are absolute values of the velocity vectors (total speeds) and do NOT indicate direction of motion. Units: KM/S 'S-O-T /r' = Sun-Observer-Target apparent SOLAR ELONGATION ANGLE seen from the observers' location at print-time. The '/r' column provides a code indicating the targets' apparent position relative to the Sun in the observers' sky, as described below: Case A: For an observing location on the surface of a rotating body, that body rotational sense is considered: /T indicates target TRAILS Sun (evening sky: rises and sets AFTER Sun) /L indicates target LEADS Sun (morning sky: rises and sets BEFORE Sun) Case B: For an observing point that does not have a rotational model (such as a spacecraft), the "leading" and "trailing" condition is defined by the observers' heliocentric ORBITAL motion: * If continuing in the observers' current direction of heliocentric motion would encounter the targets' apparent longitude first, followed by the Sun's, the target LEADS the Sun as seen by the observer. * If the Sun's apparent longitude would be encountered first, followed by the targets', the target TRAILS the Sun. Two other codes can be output: /* indicates observer is Sun-centered (undefined) /? Target is aligned with Sun center (no lead or trail) The S-O-T solar elongation angle is numerically the minimum separation angle of the Sun and target in the sky in any direction. It does NOT indicate the amount of separation in the leading or trailing directions, which would be defined along the equator of a spherical coordinate system. Units: DEGREES 'S-T-O' = The Sun-Target-Observer angle; the interior vertex angle at target center formed by a vector from the target to the apparent center of the Sun (at reflection time on the target) and the apparent vector from target to the observer at print-time. Slightly different from true PHASE ANGLE (requestable separately) at the few arcsecond level in that it includes stellar aberration on the down-leg from target to observer. Units: DEGREES 'T-O-M/MN_Illu%' = Target-Observer-Moon LUNAR ELONGATION angle and illuminated percentage. The apparent lunar elongation angle between target body center and Moon center, seen from the observing site, along with fraction of the lunar disk illuminated by the Sun. A negative lunar elongation angle indicates the target center is behind the Moon. Units: DEGREES & PERCENT 'O-P-T' = Observer-Primary-Target angle; apparent angle between a target satellite, its primarys' center and an observer at print time. Interior vertex angle at the primary. Units: DEGREES 'PsAng PsAMV' = The position angles of the extended Sun-to-target radius vector ("PsAng") and the negative of the targets' heliocentric velocity vector ("PsAMV"), as seen in the observers' plane-of-sky, measured counter-clockwise (east) from reference-frame north-pole. Primarily intended for ACTIVE COMETS, "PsAng" is an indicator of the comets' gas-tail orientation in the sky (being in the anti-sunward direction) while "PsAMV" is an indicator of dust-tail orientation. Units: DEGREES 'PlAng' = Angle between observer and target orbital plane, measured from center of target at the moment light seen at observation time leaves the target. Positive values indicate observer is above the objects' orbital plane, in the direction of reference-frame +z axis. Units: DEGREES 'Cnst' = Constellation ID; the 3-letter abbreviation for the name of the constellation containing the target centers' astrometric position, as defined by IAU (1930) boundary delineation. See documentation for list of abbreviations. 'TDB-UT' = Difference between the uniform Barycentric Dynamical time-scale and the Earth-rotation dependent Universal Time. Prior to 1962, the difference is with respect to UT1 (TDB-UT1) and the 0.002 second maximum amplitude distinction between TT and TDB is not maintained. For 1962 and later, the difference is with respect to UTC (TDB-UTC) and periodic terms less than 1.e-6 second are ignored. Values beyond the next July or January 1st may change if a leap-second is later required by the IERS. Values from the present date forward through the next ~78 days are predictions. Beyond that prediction interval, the last prediction is taken as a constant for all future dates. Units: SECONDS 'ObsEcLon ObsEcLat' = Observer-centered IAU76/80 ecliptic-of-date longitude and latitude of the target centers' apparent position, with light-time, gravitational deflection of light, and stellar aberrations. Units: DEGREES 'N.Pole-RA N.Pole-DC' = ICRF right ascension and declination of the target body's north-pole direction at the time light left the body to be observed at print time. Target pole/rotation model is given in the header. Units: DEGREES 'GlxLon GlxLat' = Observer-centered Galactic System II (post WW II) longitude and latitude of the target centers' apparent position, with light-time, gravitational deflection of light, and stellar aberrations. Units: DEGREES 'L_Ap_SOL_Time' = Local Apparent SOLAR Time for observing site. This is the time indicated by a sundial. TOPOCENTRIC ONLY. Units: HH MM SS.ffff (sexagesimal angular hours) '399_ins_LT' = Instantaneous light-time of the station with respect to Earth center at print-time. The geometric (or "true") separation of site and Earth center, divided by the speed of light. Units: MINUTES 'RA_3sigma DEC_3sigma' = Uncertainty in Right-Ascension and Declination. Output values are the formal +/- 3 standard-deviations (sigmas) around nominal position. Units: ARCSECONDS 'SMAA_3sig SMIA_3sig Theta Area_3sig' = Plane-of-sky (POS) error ellipse data. These quantities summarize the targets' 3-dimensional 3-standard-deviation formal uncertainty volume projected into a reference plane perpendicular to the observers' line-of-sight. SMAA_3sig = Angular width of the 3-sigma error ellipse semi-major axis in POS. Units: ARCSECONDS. SMIA_3sig = Angular width of the 3-sigma error ellipse semi-minor axis in POS. Units: ARCSECONDS. Theta = Orientation angle of the error ellipse in POS; the clockwise angle from the direction of increasing RA to the semi-major axis of the error ellipse, in the direction of increasing DEC. Units: DEGREES. +DEC ^ \ | theta\| +RA <----+----- |\ | \ Area_3sig = Area of sky enclosed by the 3-sigma error ellipse. Units: ARCSECONDS ^ 2. 'POS_3sigma' = The Root-Sum-of-Squares (RSS) of the 3-standard deviation plane-of-sky error ellipse major and minor semi-axes. This single pointing uncertainty number gives an angular distance (a circular radius) from the targets' nominal position in the sky that encompasses the error-ellipse. Units: ARCSECONDS. 'RNG_3sigma RNGRT_3sig' = Range and range rate (radial velocity) formal 3-standard-deviation uncertainties. Units: KM, KM/S 'DOP_S_3sig DOP_X_3sig RT_delay_3sig' = Doppler radar uncertainties at S-band (2380 MHz) and X-band (8560 MHz) frequencies, along with the round-trip (total) delay to first-order. Units: HERTZ and SECONDS 'Tru_Anom' = Apparent true anomaly angle of the targets' heliocentric orbit position; the angle in the targets' instantaneous orbit plane from the orbital periapse direction to the target, measured positively in the direction of motion. The position of the target is taken to be at the moment light seen by the observer at print-time would have left the center of the object. That is, the heliocentric position of the target used to compute the true anomaly is one down-leg light-time prior to the print-time. Units: DEGREES 'L_Ap_Hour_Ang' = Local apparent HOUR ANGLE of target at observing site. The angle between the observers' meridian plane, containing Earth's axis of-date and local zenith direction, and a great circle passing through Earth's axis-of-date and the targets' direction, measured westward from the zenith meridian to target meridian along the equator. Negative values are angular times UNTIL transit. Positive values are angular times SINCE transit. Exactly 24_hrs/360_degrees. EARTH TOPOCENTRIC ONLY. Units: sHH MM SS.fff (sexagesimal angular hours) 'phi PAB-LON PAB-LAT' = "phi" is the true PHASE ANGLE at the observers' location at print time. "PAB-LON" and "PAB-LAT" are the J2000 ecliptic longitude and latitude of the phase angle bisector direction; the outward directed angle bisecting the arc created by the apparent vector from Sun to target center and the astrometric vector from observer to target center. For an otherwise uniform ellipsoid, the time when its long-axis is perpendicular to the PAB direction approximately corresponds to lightcurve maximum (or maximum brightness) of the body. PAB is discussed in Harris et al., Icarus 57, 251-258 (1984). Units: DEGREES, DEGREES, DEGREES 'App_Lon_Sun' = The apparent target-centered longitude of the Sun ("apparent L_s") as seen at the target when the light recorded by the observer at print-time reflected off the target. It is referred to a coordinate system where the x-axis is the equinox direction defined by the targets' instantaneous IAU2015 pole direction and heliocentric orbit plane at reflection time, and is measured positively in an eastward direction (counter-clockwise around the positive pole of the solar system angular momentum vector). On bodies other than the Earth, the quantity can indicate boundary dates for the seasons: Northern hemisphere Southern hemisphere 0= Spring Equinox 0= Autumn Equinox 90= Summer Solstice 90= Winter Solstice 180= Autumn Equinox 180= Spring Equinox 270= Winter Solstice 270= Summer Solstice For Earth seasons, instead see quantity #31 ("ObsEcLon") as seen from the geocenter, with the Sun as a target. If the target has no associated spin-pole model (common for asteroids and comets), "n.a." will be output. Units: DEGREES 'RA_(ICRF-a-apparnt)_DEC' = Airless apparent right ascension and declination coordinates of the target in the ICRF reference frame, with down-leg light-time, gravitational deflection of light, and stellar aberration. Units: RA : HH MM SS.ff{ffff} (hours-minutes-seconds of time) DEC: DG MN SC.f{ffff} (degrees-minutes-seconds of arc) 'I_dRA*cosD I_d(DEC)/dt' = The angular rate of change in the targets' ICRF inertial reference-frame apparent RA and DEC, with light-time, gravitational light deflection, and stellar aberrations. d(RA)/dt is multiplied by the cosine of declination to provide a linear rate in the plane-of-sky. Units: ARCSECONDS PER HOUR 'Sky_motion Sky_mot_PA RelVel-ANG' = Total apparent angular rate of the target in the plane-of-sky. "Sky_mot_PA" is the position angle of the target's direction of motion in the plane-of-sky, measured counter-clockwise from the apparent of-date north pole direction. "RelVel-ANG" is the flight path angle of the target's relative motion with respect to the observer's line-of-sight, in the range [-90,+90], where positive values indicate motion away from the observer, negative values are toward the observer: -90 = target is moving directly toward the observer 0 = target is moving at right angles to the observer's line-of-sight +90 = target is moving directly away from the observer UNITS: ARCSECONDS/MINUTE, DEGREES, DEGREES 'Lun_Sky_Brt sky_SNR' = Sky brightness due to moonlight scattered by Earth's atmosphere at the target's position in the sky. "sky_SNR" is the visual signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the target's surface brightness relative to background sky. Output only for topocentric Earth observers when both the Moon and target are above the local horizon and the Sun is in astronomical twilight (or further) below the horizon, and the target is not the Moon or Sun. If all conditions are not met, "n.a." is output. Galactic brightness, local sky light-pollution and weather are NOT considered. Lunar opposition surge is considered. The value returned is accurate under ideal conditions at the approximately 8-23% level, so is a useful but not definitive value. If the target-body radius is also known, "sky_SNR" is output. This is the approximate visual signal-to-noise ratio of the target's brightness divided by lunar sky brightness. When sky_SNR < 1, the target is dimmer than the ideal moonlight-scattering background sky, so unlikely to be detectable at visual wavelengths. In practice, visibility requires sky_SNR > 1 and a detector sensitive enough to reach the target's magnitude, even if it isn't washed out by moonlight. When relating magnitudes and brightness values, keep in mind their logarithmic relationship m2-m1 = -2.5*log_10(b2/b1). UNITS: VISUAL MAGNITUDES / ARCSECOND^2, and unitless ratio 'UT1-UTC' = Difference between the UT1 and UTC timescales ("DUT1"). UT1 is the Earth-rotation dependent mean solar time on the Greenwich meridian sometimes referred to as GMT. UTC is a discontinuous timescale derived from the atomic TAI timescale, adjusted by leap seconds to provide a civil timescale maintained within 0.9 seconds of UT1. Therefore, the difference UT1-UTC will have discontinuities where leap-seconds are inserted in UTC. UTC is not well-defined prior to 1962, so "n.a." will be returned for earlier dates. The UT1 here is a JPL fit to measurements of the Earth rotation which can change rapidly and unpredictably at the 10^-4 second level due to tides and other factors affecting Earth rotation. Values for the 14 days prior to the present date are considered provisional and may change at up to the 0.002 second level as data accumulates, corresponding to about 1-meter (3-sigma) for an Earth equatorial site. Values from the present date forward through the next ~78 days are predictions. Beyond that prediction interval, the last prediction is taken as a constant for all future dates. Units: SECONDS Computations by ... Solar System Dynamics Group, Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Pasadena, CA 91109 USA General site: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ Mailing list: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/email_list.html System news : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/news.html User Guide : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/manual.html Connect : browser https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/app.html#/x API https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/doc/horizons.html command-line telnet ssd.jpl.nasa.gov 6775 e-mail/batch https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/horizons_batch.txt scripts https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/SCRIPTS Inquiries : contact-ssd@jpl.nasa.gov ******************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** !$$SOF COMMAND = '2012 J1'