API VERSION: 1.2 API SOURCE: NASA/JPL Horizons API ******************************************************************************* Revised: Dec 06, 2024 TESS / (Earth) -95 https://tess.gsfc.nasa.gov/index.html http://spaceflight101.com/tess/tess-orbit-design/ BACKGROUND: The NASA Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission is to detect exoplanets transiting nearby bright stars, targets for followup characterization with large ground telescopes such as the Hubble Space Telescope and the future James Webb Space Telescope. Launched : 2018-Apr-18 22:51 UTC Launch vehicle : Falcon 9 Block 4 Launch site : SLC-40, Cape Canaveral Payload mass : 362 kg Ascent duration : 49 minutes, then TESS deployment A SpaceX Falcon 9 launched the 362-kilogram TESS spacecraft into a Suprasynchronous Transfer Orbit of 200 by 270,000 kilometers at an inclination of 28.5 degrees. The operational orbit chosen for TESS is a highly eccentric, 2:1 lunar resonance orbit of 108,400 by 376,300 kilometers at an inclination of 37 degrees, timed so that the spacecraft reaches apogee with the moon at a phasing of 90 degrees. 11 maneuvering engine burns, 3.5 phasing loops, and a lunar flyby will be used during the first 60 days to go from the inital transfer orbit to the operational orbit. TESS is designed to: - Monitor 200,000 nearby stars for planets - Detect and characterize Earth and Super-Earth size planets - Cover 400X larger sky area than Kepler - Span stellar spectral types of F5 to M5 Transiting exoplanets allow determination of the following: - Fundamental properties: mass, radius, orbit - Dynamics: planet-planet interactions, mutual inclinations, moons, tides - Atmospheric composition & structure: transmission spectrum, emission spectrum, MISSION OVERVIEW: All-sky, two year photometric exoplanet discovery mission. TESS will tile the sky with 26 observation sectors: - At least 27 days staring at each 24 deg. x 96 deg. sector - Brightest 100,000 stars at 1-minute cadence - Full frame images with 30-minute cadence - Map Northern hemisphere in first year - Map Southern hemisphere in second year - Sectors overlap at ecliptic poles for sensitivity to smaller and longer period planets in JWST Continuous Viewing Zone (CVZ) TESS observes from unique High Earth Orbit (HEO): - Unobstructed view for continuous observation - Two 13.7 day orbits per observation sector - Stable 2:1 resonance with Moon's orbit (P/2) - Thermally stable, low-radiation SPACECRAFT: Designed for photometric stability. Heritage Orbital LEOStar-2 spacecraft bus: - 3-axis stabilized pointing, with <= 3 arcsecong performance - Two-headed star tracker; 4 wheel zero-momentum system - 400W single-axis articulating solar array - Passive thermal control - Mono-propellant propulsion system - Ka-band 100 Mbps science downlink - Hexagonal 3.9 x 1.2 x 1.5 meter dimensions when fully deployed - Two 1.1 x 0.89 m solar panels SCIENCE INSTRUMENT: Four wide field-of-view CCD cameras. Each of the four cameras has: - 24 deg. x 24 deg. Field-of-View - 100 mm effective pupil diameter - Lens assembly with 7 optical elements - Athermal design - 600nm - 1000nm bandpass - 16.8 Megapixel, low-noise, low-power, MIT Lincoln Lab CCID-80 detector Trajectory: Post-launch trajectory (starts after launch ascent, L+00:49 min.). Concatenated short-term tag-up predictions, each covering ~3-4 days: Last tracking data used is 2024-Dec-01, predicts thereafter. Trajectory name Start (TDB) Stop (TDB) ------------------------------------ ----------------- ----------------- Concatenated trajectory files (615) 2018-Apr-18 23:37 2026-Jun-03 13:00 ******************************************************************************* ******************************************************************************* Ephemeris / API_USER Thu Dec 12 02:54:38 2024 Pasadena, USA / Horizons ******************************************************************************* Target body name: TESS (spacecraft) (-95) {source: TESS_merged} Center body name: Earth (399) {source: TESS_merged} Center-site name: iTelescope Obs.,Beryl Junc. (Sato) ******************************************************************************* Start time : A.D. 2024-Nov-30 00:00:00.0000 UT Stop time : A.D. 2024-Dec-01 00:00:00.0000 UT Step-size : 10 minutes ******************************************************************************* Target pole/equ : undefined Target radii : undefined Center geodetic : 246.3025, 37.7377919, 1.56349 {E-lon(deg),Lat(deg),Alt(km)} Center cylindric: 246.3025,5051.53114,3883.42609 {E-lon(deg),Dxy(km),Dz(km)} Center pole/equ : ITRF93 {East-longitude positive} Center radii : 6378.137, 6378.137, 6356.752 km {Equator_a, b, pole_c} Target primary : Earth Vis. interferer : MOON (R_eq= 1737.400) km {source: DE441} Rel. light bend : Sun {source: TESS_merged} Rel. lght bnd GM: 1.3271E+11 km^3/s^2 Atmos refraction: NO (AIRLESS) RA format : HMS Time format : CAL Calendar mode : Mixed Julian/Gregorian RTS-only print : NO EOP file : eop.241211.p250309 EOP coverage : DATA-BASED 1962-JAN-20 TO 2024-DEC-11. PREDICTS-> 2025-MAR-08 Units conversion: 1 au= 149597870.700 km, c= 299792.458 km/s, 1 day= 86400.0 s Table cut-offs 1: Elevation ( 0.0deg=YES),Airmass (>38.000=NO), Daylight (YES) Table cut-offs 2: Solar elongation ( 12.0,180.0=YES),Local Hour Angle( 0.0=NO ) Table cut-offs 3: RA/DEC angular rate ( 0.0=NO ) *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** Date__(UT)__HR:MN R.A._____(ICRF)_____DEC Azi____(a-app)___Elev APmag S-brt r rdot delta deldot S-O-T /r S-T-O T-O-M/MN_Illu% RA_3sigma DEC_3sigma Sky_motion Sky_mot_PA RelVel-ANG *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** $$SOE >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2024-Nov-30 01:00 N 02 08 12.74 -31 50 13.6 131.541709 -0.123789 n.a. n.a. 0.987265777109 0.3353097 0.00215571194144 -0.4933666 117.3341 /T 62.5546 122.6/ 1.7374 n.a. n.a. 23.740245 42.875130 -38.57188 2024-Nov-30 01:10 N 02 08 25.19 -31 47 18.4 133.024928 1.347841 n.a. n.a. 0.987267120154 0.3344108 0.00215374327275 -0.4881860 117.3948 /T 62.4941 122.6/ 1.7193 n.a. n.a. 23.541204 41.624772 -38.53779 2024-Nov-30 01:20 A 02 08 37.24 -31 44 21.2 134.544181 2.786913 n.a. n.a. 0.987268459587 0.3335083 0.00215179637930 -0.4825105 117.4550 /T 62.4340 122.6/ 1.7011 n.a. n.a. 23.370063 40.358117 -38.44034 2024-Nov-30 01:30 A 02 08 48.88 -31 41 21.8 136.100654 4.191552 n.a. n.a. 0.987269795392 0.3326022 0.00214987322534 -0.4763507 117.5150 /T 62.3743 122.6/ 1.6826 n.a. n.a. 23.227355 39.081185 -38.27786 2024-Nov-30 01:40 A 02 09 00.14 -31 38 20.1 137.695459 5.559806 n.a. n.a. 0.987271127556 0.3316925 0.00214797573016 -0.4697183 117.5746 /T 62.3148 122.6/ 1.6640 n.a. n.a. 23.113432 37.800325 -38.04906 2024-Nov-30 01:50 02 09 11.03 -31 35 16.1 139.329617 6.889645 n.a. n.a. 0.987272456064 0.3307791 0.00214610576427 -0.4626260 117.6340 /T 62.2555 122.7/ 1.6452 n.a. n.a. 23.028457 36.522115 -37.75304 2024-Nov-30 02:00 02 09 21.56 -31 32 09.5 141.004040 8.178970 n.a. n.a. 0.987273780902 0.3298621 0.00214426514566 -0.4550873 117.6932 /T 62.1964 122.7/ 1.6263 n.a. n.a. 22.972400 35.253253 -37.38939 2024-Nov-30 02:10 02 09 31.74 -31 29 00.5 142.719507 9.425610 n.a. n.a. 0.987275102054 0.3289414 0.00214245563604 -0.4471167 117.7523 /T 62.1375 122.7/ 1.6073 n.a. n.a. 22.945046 34.000438 -36.95816 2024-Nov-30 02:20 02 09 41.58 -31 25 48.7 144.476645 10.627333 n.a. n.a. 0.987276419506 0.3280171 0.00214067893731 -0.4387295 117.8113 /T 62.0786 122.7/ 1.5881 n.a. n.a. 22.945992 32.770261 -36.45993 2024-Nov-30 02:30 02 09 51.11 -31 22 34.2 146.275901 11.781853 n.a. n.a. 0.987277733243 0.3270891 0.00213893668802 -0.4299419 117.8703 /T 62.0198 122.7/ 1.5687 n.a. n.a. 22.974665 31.569086 -35.89575 2024-Nov-30 02:40 02 10 00.33 -31 19 16.8 148.117516 12.886839 n.a. n.a. 0.987279043251 0.3261574 0.00213723045997 -0.4207711 117.9293 /T 61.9610 122.8/ 1.5493 n.a. n.a. 23.030329 30.402948 -35.26723 2024-Nov-30 02:50 02 10 09.26 -31 15 56.6 150.001506 13.939928 n.a. n.a. 0.987280349515 0.3252220 0.00213556175495 -0.4112349 117.9884 /T 61.9021 122.8/ 1.5298 n.a. n.a. 23.112104 29.277469 -34.57645 2024-Nov-30 03:00 02 10 17.92 -31 12 33.3 151.927626 14.938735 n.a. n.a. 0.987281652019 0.3242829 0.00213393200153 -0.4013519 118.0475 /T 61.8430 122.8/ 1.5102 n.a. n.a. 23.218983 28.197776 -33.82599 2024-Nov-30 03:10 02 10 26.32 -31 09 07.0 153.895350 15.880874 n.a. n.a. 0.987282950750 0.3233401 0.00213234255211 -0.3911415 118.1069 /T 61.7838 122.8/ 1.4905 n.a. n.a. 23.349853 27.168450 -33.01887 2024-Nov-30 03:20 02 10 34.49 -31 05 37.5 155.903850 16.763974 n.a. n.a. 0.987284245692 0.3223936 0.00213079467991 -0.3806237 118.1664 /T 61.7244 122.8/ 1.4707 n.a. n.a. 23.503514 26.193489 -32.15853 2024-Nov-30 03:30 02 10 42.44 -31 02 04.8 157.951968 17.585697 n.a. n.a. 0.987285536830 0.3214433 0.00212928957633 -0.3698193 118.2263 /T 61.6647 122.8/ 1.4509 n.a. n.a. 23.678704 25.276285 -31.24879 2024-Nov-30 03:40 02 10 50.18 -30 58 29.0 160.038204 18.343765 n.a. n.a. 0.987286824149 0.3204893 0.00212782834835 -0.3587496 118.2864 /T 61.6047 122.9/ 1.4311 n.a. n.a. 23.874113 24.419623 -30.29376 2024-Nov-30 03:50 02 10 57.74 -30 54 49.8 162.160705 19.035977 n.a. n.a. 0.987288107634 0.3195315 0.00212641201602 -0.3474367 118.3469 /T 61.5444 122.9/ 1.4112 n.a. n.a. 24.088409 23.625694 -29.29786 2024-Nov-30 04:00 02 11 05.14 -30 51 07.3 164.317255 19.660241 n.a. n.a. 0.987289387270 0.3185700 0.00212504151033 -0.3359029 118.4078 /T 61.4836 122.9/ 1.3913 n.a. n.a. 24.320254 22.896116 -28.26570 2024-Nov-30 04:10 02 11 12.39 -30 47 21.4 166.505278 20.214594 n.a. n.a. 0.987290663042 0.3176046 0.00212371767103 -0.3241713 118.4692 /T 61.4223 122.9/ 1.3714 n.a. n.a. 24.568317 22.231974 -27.20204 2024-Nov-30 04:20 02 11 19.52 -30 43 32.2 168.721851 20.697230 n.a. n.a. 0.987291934935 0.3166355 0.00212244124479 -0.3122653 118.5311 /T 61.3606 122.9/ 1.3516 n.a. n.a. 24.831295 21.633852 -26.11176 2024-Nov-30 04:30 02 11 26.55 -30 39 39.5 170.963715 21.106525 n.a. n.a. 0.987293202933 0.3156626 0.00212121288348 -0.3002087 118.5936 /T 61.2982 122.9/ 1.3317 n.a. n.a. 25.107919 21.101885 -24.99979 2024-Nov-30 04:40 02 11 33.49 -30 35 43.4 173.227311 21.441060 n.a. n.a. 0.987294467021 0.3146858 0.00212003314263 -0.2880258 118.6566 /T 61.2353 122.9/ 1.3119 n.a. n.a. 25.396968 20.635802 -23.87103 2024-Nov-30 04:50 02 11 40.37 -30 31 43.9 175.508807 21.699643 n.a. n.a. 0.987295727184 0.3137053 0.00211890248021 -0.2757409 118.7203 /T 61.1717 123.0/ 1.2922 n.a. n.a. 25.697279 20.234977 -22.73034 2024-Nov-30 05:00 02 11 47.20 -30 27 40.9 177.804150 21.881328 n.a. n.a. 0.987296983407 0.3127209 0.00211782125534 -0.2633789 118.7847 /T 61.1075 123.0/ 1.2725 n.a. n.a. 26.007748 19.898471 -21.58250 2024-Nov-30 05:10 t 02 11 54.01 -30 23 34.5 180.109111 21.985432 n.a. n.a. 0.987298235673 0.3117326 0.00211678972758 -0.2509646 118.8498 /T 61.0425 123.0/ 1.2528 n.a. n.a. 26.327340 19.625080 -20.43213 2024-Nov-30 05:20 e 02 12 00.82 -30 19 24.7 182.419349 22.011543 n.a. n.a. 0.987299483968 0.3107405 0.00211580805610 -0.2385233 118.9157 /T 60.9767 123.0/ 1.2333 n.a. n.a. 26.655088 19.413374 -19.28368 2024-Nov-30 05:30 02 12 07.65 -30 15 11.5 184.730467 21.959530 n.a. n.a. 0.987300728277 0.3097446 0.00211487629928 -0.2260799 118.9824 /T 60.9101 123.0/ 1.2139 n.a. n.a. 26.990100 19.261735 -18.14141 2024-Nov-30 05:40 02 12 14.51 -30 10 54.9 187.038075 21.829542 n.a. n.a. 0.987301968582 0.3087447 0.00211399441434 -0.2136599 119.0500 /T 60.8427 123.0/ 1.1946 n.a. n.a. 27.331553 19.168392 -17.00935 2024-Nov-30 05:50 02 12 21.44 -30 06 34.9 189.337858 21.622010 n.a. n.a. 0.987303204870 0.3077409 0.00211316225736 -0.2012883 119.1184 /T 60.7743 123.1/ 1.1754 n.a. n.a. 27.678697 19.131448 -15.89127 2024-Nov-30 06:00 02 12 28.44 -30 02 11.6 191.625632 21.337634 n.a. n.a. 0.987304437124 0.3067333 0.00211237958345 -0.1889904 119.1878 /T 60.7051 123.1/ 1.1563 n.a. n.a. 28.030851 19.148909 -14.79072 2024-Nov-30 06:10 02 12 35.55 -29 57 45.1 193.897405 20.977375 n.a. n.a. 0.987305665329 0.3057217 0.00211164604700 -0.1767911 119.2581 /T 60.6349 123.1/ 1.1374 n.a. n.a. 28.387402 19.218706 -13.71094 2024-Nov-30 06:20 02 12 42.77 -29 53 15.3 196.149422 20.542440 n.a. n.a. 0.987306889468 0.3047062 0.00211096120244 -0.1647153 119.3294 /T 60.5637 123.1/ 1.1186 n.a. n.a. 28.747800 19.338715 -12.65493 2024-Nov-30 06:30 02 12 50.13 -29 48 42.3 198.378212 20.034257 n.a. n.a. 0.987308109527 0.3036868 0.00211032450486 -0.1527876 119.4017 /T 60.4915 123.1/ 1.1000 n.a. n.a. 29.111558 19.506772 -11.62539 2024-Nov-30 06:40 02 12 57.66 -29 44 06.2 200.580620 19.454461 n.a. n.a. 0.987309325489 0.3026634 0.00210973531113 -0.1410325 119.4751 /T 60.4183 123.1/ 1.0816 n.a. n.a. 29.478243 19.720689 -10.62479 2024-Nov-30 06:50 02 13 05.35 -29 39 27.1 202.753837 18.804863 n.a. n.a. 0.987310537338 0.3016360 0.00210919288109 -0.1294739 119.5495 /T 60.3439 123.2/ 1.0634 n.a. n.a. 29.847475 19.978265 -9.655284 2024-Nov-30 07:00 02 13 13.25 -29 34 44.9 204.895411 18.087430 n.a. n.a. 0.987311745059 0.3006047 0.00210869637892 -0.1181354 119.6250 /T 60.2685 123.2/ 1.0454 n.a. n.a. 30.218922 20.277295 -8.718813 2024-Nov-30 07:10 02 13 21.35 -29 29 59.9 207.003259 17.304257 n.a. n.a. 0.987312948635 0.2995693 0.00210824487484 -0.1070403 119.7017 /T 60.1920 123.2/ 1.0276 n.a. n.a. 30.592294 20.615582 -7.817054 2024-Nov-30 07:20 02 13 29.69 -29 25 12.0 209.075668 16.457543 n.a. n.a. 0.987314148051 0.2985300 0.00210783734683 -0.0962114 119.7794 /T 60.1143 123.2/ 1.0100 n.a. n.a. 30.967338 20.990940 -6.951450 2024-Nov-30 07:30 02 13 38.27 -29 20 21.3 211.111285 15.549564 n.a. n.a. 0.987315343291 0.2974867 0.00210747268272 -0.0856708 119.8584 /T 60.0355 123.2/ 0.9926 n.a. n.a. 31.343836 21.401199 -6.123225 2024-Nov-30 07:40 02 13 47.12 -29 15 28.0 213.109109 14.582655 n.a. n.a. 0.987316534337 0.2964393 0.00210714968228 -0.0754402 119.9385 /T 59.9555 123.3/ 0.9755 n.a. n.a. 31.721596 21.844217 -5.333392 2024-Nov-30 07:50 02 13 56.25 -29 10 32.1 215.068469 13.559182 n.a. n.a. 0.987317721175 0.2953879 0.00210686705968 -0.0655407 120.0198 /T 59.8743 123.3/ 0.9586 n.a. n.a. 32.100449 22.317876 -4.582771 2024-Nov-30 08:00 02 14 05.68 -29 05 33.8 216.989008 12.481527 n.a. n.a. 0.987318903787 0.2943324 0.00210662344598 -0.0559926 120.1023 /T 59.7919 123.3/ 0.9420 n.a. n.a. 32.480245 22.820089 -3.872001 2024-Nov-30 08:10 02 14 15.41 -29 00 33.0 218.870654 11.352067 n.a. n.a. 0.987320082159 0.2932729 0.00210641739187 -0.0468156 120.1860 /T 59.7083 123.3/ 0.9256 n.a. n.a. 32.860846 23.348805 -3.201552 2024-Nov-30 08:20 02 14 25.47 -28 55 30.0 220.713603 10.173163 n.a. n.a. 0.987321256272 0.2922093 0.00210624737047 -0.0380287 120.2709 /T 59.6235 123.4/ 0.9095 n.a. n.a. 33.242125 23.902010 -2.571742 2024-Nov-30 08:30 02 14 35.87 -28 50 24.9 222.518286 8.947140 n.a. n.a. 0.987322426112 0.2911416 0.00210611178041 -0.0296501 120.3570 /T 59.5374 123.4/ 0.8936 n.a. n.a. 33.623959 24.477730 -1.982745 2024-Nov-30 08:40 02 14 46.61 -28 45 17.6 224.285349 7.676282 n.a. n.a. 0.987323591661 0.2900698 0.00210600894897 -0.0216971 120.4444 /T 59.4502 123.4/ 0.8781 n.a. n.a. 34.006225 25.074032 -1.434610 2024-Nov-30 08:50 02 14 57.72 -28 40 08.4 226.015627 6.362820 n.a. n.a. 0.987324752903 0.2889939 0.00210593713533 -0.0141863 120.5330 /T 59.3617 123.4/ 0.8628 n.a. n.a. 34.388799 25.689028 -0.927268 2024-Nov-30 09:00 02 15 09.20 -28 34 57.4 227.710122 5.008926 n.a. n.a. 0.987325909822 0.2879139 0.00210589453407 -0.0071335 120.6228 /T 59.2719 123.5/ 0.8477 n.a. n.a. 34.771548 26.320879 -0.460542 2024-Nov-30 09:10 02 15 21.07 -28 29 44.7 229.369980 3.616704 n.a. n.a. 0.987327062400 0.2868298 0.00210587927860 -0.0005533 120.7139 /T 59.1810 123.5/ 0.8330 n.a. n.a. 35.154334 26.967791 -0.034163 2024-Nov-30 09:20 02 15 33.32 -28 24 30.4 230.996475 2.188190 n.a. n.a. 0.987328210622 0.2857414 0.00210588944491 0.0055403 120.8061 /T 59.0888 123.5/ 0.8186 n.a. n.a. 35.537002 27.628023 0.3522238 2024-Nov-30 09:30 02 15 45.98 -28 19 14.6 232.590989 0.725346 n.a. n.a. 0.987329354471 0.2846490 0.00210592305521 0.0111345 120.8996 /T 58.9954 123.5/ 0.8045 n.a. n.a. 35.919386 28.299885 0.6990509 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< $$EOE *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** Column meaning: TIME Times PRIOR to 1962 are UT1, a mean-solar time closely related to the prior but now-deprecated GMT. Times AFTER 1962 are in UTC, the current civil or "wall-clock" time-scale. UTC is kept within 0.9 seconds of UT1 using integer leap-seconds for 1972 and later years. Conversion from the internal Barycentric Dynamical Time (TDB) of solar system dynamics to the non-uniform civil UT time-scale requested for output has not been determined for UTC times after the next July or January 1st. Therefore, the last known leap-second is used as a constant over future intervals. Time tags refer to the UT time-scale conversion from TDB on Earth regardless of observer location within the solar system, although clock rates may differ due to the local gravity field and no analog to "UT" may be defined for that location. Any 'b' symbol in the 1st-column denotes a B.C. date. First-column blank (" ") denotes an A.D. date. CALENDAR SYSTEM Mixed calendar mode was active such that calendar dates after AD 1582-Oct-15 (if any) are in the modern Gregorian system. Dates prior to 1582-Oct-5 (if any) are in the Julian calendar system, which is automatically extended for dates prior to its adoption on 45-Jan-1 BC. The Julian calendar is useful for matching historical dates. The Gregorian calendar more accurately corresponds to the Earth's orbital motion and seasons. A "Gregorian-only" calendar mode is available if such physical events are the primary interest. NOTE: "n.a." in output means quantity "not available" at the print-time. SOLAR PRESENCE (OBSERVING SITE) Time tag is followed by a blank, then a solar-presence condition code: '*' Daylight (refracted solar upper-limb on or above apparent horizon) 'C' Civil twilight/dawn 'N' Nautical twilight/dawn 'A' Astronomical twilight/dawn ' ' Night OR geocentric ephemeris LUNAR PRESENCE WITH TARGET RISE/TRANSIT/SET EVENT MARKER (OBSERVING SITE) The solar-presence code column is immediately followed by another marker: 'm' Refracted upper-limb of Moon on or above apparent horizon ' ' Refracted upper-limb of Moon below apparent horizon OR geocentric The lunar presence marker (an ongoing state) can be over-ridden by a target event marker if an event has occurred since the last output step: 'r' Rise (target body on or went above cut-off RTS elevation) 'e' Elevation max (target body maximum elevation angle has occurred) 't' Transit (target body at or passed through observer meridian) 's' Set (target body on or went below cut-off RTS elevation) RTS MARKERS (TVH) Rise and set are with respect to the reference ellipsoid true visual horizon defined by the elevation cut-off angle. Horizon dip and yellow-light refraction (Earth only) are considered. Accuracy is < or = to twice the requested search step-size. 'R.A._____(ICRF)_____DEC' = Astrometric right ascension and declination of the target center with respect to the observing site (coordinate origin) in the reference frame of the planetary ephemeris (ICRF). Compensated for down-leg light-time delay aberration. Units: RA in hours-minutes-seconds of time, HH MM SS.ff{ffff} DEC in degrees-minutes-seconds of arc, sDD MN SC.f{ffff} 'Azi____(a-app)___Elev' = Airless apparent azimuth and elevation of target center. Compensated for light-time, the gravitational deflection of light, stellar aberration, precession and nutation. Azimuth is measured clockwise from north: North(0) -> East(90) -> South(180) -> West(270) -> North (360) Elevation angle is with respect to a plane perpendicular to the reference surface local zenith direction. TOPOCENTRIC ONLY. Units: DEGREES 'APmag S-brt' = The targets' approximate apparent visual magnitude and surface brightness. For planets and natural satellites, output is restricted to solar phase angles covered by observational data. Outside the observed phase angle range, "n.a." may be output to avoid extrapolation beyond the limit of model validity. For Earth-based observers, the estimated dimming due to atmospheric absorption (extinction) is available as a separate, requestable quantity. Surface brightness is the average airless visual magnitude of a square-arcsecond of the illuminated portion of the apparent disk. It is computed only if the target radius is known. Units: MAGNITUDES & MAGNITUDES PER SQUARE ARCSECOND 'r rdot' = The Sun's apparent range ("r", light-time aberrated) and range-rate ("rdot") relative to the target center, as seen by the observer. A positive "rdot" means the target center was moving away from the Sun, negative means moving toward the Sun. Units: AU and KM/S 'delta deldot' = Apparent range ("delta", light-time aberrated) and range-rate ("delta-dot") of the target center relative to the observer. A positive "deldot" means the target center is moving away from the observer, negative indicates movement toward the observer. Units: AU and KM/S 'S-O-T /r' = Sun-Observer-Target apparent SOLAR ELONGATION ANGLE seen from the observers' location at print-time. The '/r' column provides a code indicating the targets' apparent position relative to the Sun in the observers' sky, as described below: Case A: For an observing location on the surface of a rotating body, that body rotational sense is considered: /T indicates target TRAILS Sun (evening sky: rises and sets AFTER Sun) /L indicates target LEADS Sun (morning sky: rises and sets BEFORE Sun) Case B: For an observing point that does not have a rotational model (such as a spacecraft), the "leading" and "trailing" condition is defined by the observers' heliocentric ORBITAL motion: * If continuing in the observers' current direction of heliocentric motion would encounter the targets' apparent longitude first, followed by the Sun's, the target LEADS the Sun as seen by the observer. * If the Sun's apparent longitude would be encountered first, followed by the targets', the target TRAILS the Sun. Two other codes can be output: /* indicates observer is Sun-centered (undefined) /? Target is aligned with Sun center (no lead or trail) The S-O-T solar elongation angle is numerically the minimum separation angle of the Sun and target in the sky in any direction. It does NOT indicate the amount of separation in the leading or trailing directions, which would be defined along the equator of a spherical coordinate system. Units: DEGREES 'S-T-O' = The Sun-Target-Observer angle; the interior vertex angle at target center formed by a vector from the target to the apparent center of the Sun (at reflection time on the target) and the apparent vector from target to the observer at print-time. Slightly different from true PHASE ANGLE (requestable separately) at the few arcsecond level in that it includes stellar aberration on the down-leg from target to observer. Units: DEGREES 'T-O-M/MN_Illu%' = Target-Observer-Moon LUNAR ELONGATION angle and illuminated percentage. The apparent lunar elongation angle between target body center and Moon center, seen from the observing site, along with fraction of the lunar disk illuminated by the Sun. A negative lunar elongation angle indicates the target center is behind the Moon. Units: DEGREES & PERCENT 'RA_3sigma DEC_3sigma' = Uncertainty in Right-Ascension and Declination. Output values are the formal +/- 3 standard-deviations (sigmas) around nominal position. Units: ARCSECONDS 'Sky_motion Sky_mot_PA RelVel-ANG' = Total apparent angular rate of the target in the plane-of-sky. "Sky_mot_PA" is the position angle of the target's direction of motion in the plane-of-sky, measured counter-clockwise from the apparent of-date north pole direction. "RelVel-ANG" is the flight path angle of the target's relative motion with respect to the observer's line-of-sight, in the range [-90,+90], where positive values indicate motion away from the observer, negative values are toward the observer: -90 = target is moving directly toward the observer 0 = target is moving at right angles to the observer's line-of-sight +90 = target is moving directly away from the observer UNITS: ARCSECONDS/MINUTE, DEGREES, DEGREES Computations by ... Solar System Dynamics Group, Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Pasadena, CA 91109 USA General site: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ Mailing list: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/email_list.html System news : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/news.html User Guide : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/manual.html Connect : browser https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/app.html#/x API https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/doc/horizons.html command-line telnet ssd.jpl.nasa.gov 6775 e-mail/batch https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/hrzn_batch.txt scripts https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/SCRIPTS Author : Jon.D.Giorgini@jpl.nasa.gov ***************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************