API VERSION: 1.2 API SOURCE: NASA/JPL Horizons API ******************************************************************************* Revised: Oct 31, 2024 TESS / (Earth) -95 https://tess.gsfc.nasa.gov/index.html http://spaceflight101.com/tess/tess-orbit-design/ BACKGROUND: The NASA Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission is to detect exoplanets transiting nearby bright stars, targets for followup characterization with large ground telescopes such as the Hubble Space Telescope and the future James Webb Space Telescope. Launched : 2018-Apr-18 22:51 UTC Launch vehicle : Falcon 9 Block 4 Launch site : SLC-40, Cape Canaveral Payload mass : 362 kg Ascent duration : 49 minutes, then TESS deployment A SpaceX Falcon 9 launched the 362-kilogram TESS spacecraft into a Suprasynchronous Transfer Orbit of 200 by 270,000 kilometers at an inclination of 28.5 degrees. The operational orbit chosen for TESS is a highly eccentric, 2:1 lunar resonance orbit of 108,400 by 376,300 kilometers at an inclination of 37 degrees, timed so that the spacecraft reaches apogee with the moon at a phasing of 90 degrees. 11 maneuvering engine burns, 3.5 phasing loops, and a lunar flyby will be used during the first 60 days to go from the inital transfer orbit to the operational orbit. TESS is designed to: - Monitor 200,000 nearby stars for planets - Detect and characterize Earth and Super-Earth size planets - Cover 400X larger sky area than Kepler - Span stellar spectral types of F5 to M5 Transiting exoplanets allow determination of the following: - Fundamental properties: mass, radius, orbit - Dynamics: planet-planet interactions, mutual inclinations, moons, tides - Atmospheric composition & structure: transmission spectrum, emission spectrum, MISSION OVERVIEW: All-sky, two year photometric exoplanet discovery mission. TESS will tile the sky with 26 observation sectors: - At least 27 days staring at each 24 deg. x 96 deg. sector - Brightest 100,000 stars at 1-minute cadence - Full frame images with 30-minute cadence - Map Northern hemisphere in first year - Map Southern hemisphere in second year - Sectors overlap at ecliptic poles for sensitivity to smaller and longer period planets in JWST Continuous Viewing Zone (CVZ) TESS observes from unique High Earth Orbit (HEO): - Unobstructed view for continuous observation - Two 13.7 day orbits per observation sector - Stable 2:1 resonance with Moon's orbit (P/2) - Thermally stable, low-radiation SPACECRAFT: Designed for photometric stability. Heritage Orbital LEOStar-2 spacecraft bus: - 3-axis stabilized pointing, with <= 3 arcsecong performance - Two-headed star tracker; 4 wheel zero-momentum system - 400W single-axis articulating solar array - Passive thermal control - Mono-propellant propulsion system - Ka-band 100 Mbps science downlink - Hexagonal 3.9 x 1.2 x 1.5 meter dimensions when fully deployed - Two 1.1 x 0.89 m solar panels SCIENCE INSTRUMENT: Four wide field-of-view CCD cameras. Each of the four cameras has: - 24 deg. x 24 deg. Field-of-View - 100 mm effective pupil diameter - Lens assembly with 7 optical elements - Athermal design - 600nm - 1000nm bandpass - 16.8 Megapixel, low-noise, low-power, MIT Lincoln Lab CCID-80 detector Trajectory: Post-launch trajectory (starts after launch ascent, L+00:49 min.). Concatenated short-term tag-up predictions, each covering ~3-4 days: Last tracking data used is 2024-Oct-30, predicts thereafter. Trajectory name Start (TDB) Stop (TDB) ------------------------------------ ----------------- ----------------- Concatenated trajectory files (606) 2018-Apr-18 23:37 2026-May-02 13:00 ******************************************************************************* ******************************************************************************* Ephemeris / API_USER Thu Nov 7 15:35:36 2024 Pasadena, USA / Horizons ******************************************************************************* Target body name: TESS (spacecraft) (-95) {source: TESS_merged} Center body name: Earth (399) {source: TESS_merged} Center-site name: iTelescope Obs., Siding Spring ******************************************************************************* Start time : A.D. 2024-Oct-31 00:00:00.0000 UT Stop time : A.D. 2024-Nov-01 00:00:00.0000 UT Step-size : 10 minutes ******************************************************************************* Target pole/equ : undefined Target radii : undefined Center geodetic : 149.0644, -31.2733577, 1.16499 {E-lon(deg),Lat(deg),Alt(km)} Center cylindric: 149.0644,5457.31536,-3292.4397 {E-lon(deg),Dxy(km),Dz(km)} Center pole/equ : ITRF93 {East-longitude positive} Center radii : 6378.137, 6378.137, 6356.752 km {Equator_a, b, pole_c} Target primary : Earth Vis. interferer : MOON (R_eq= 1737.400) km {source: DE441} Rel. light bend : Sun {source: TESS_merged} Rel. lght bnd GM: 1.3271E+11 km^3/s^2 Atmos refraction: NO (AIRLESS) RA format : HMS Time format : CAL Calendar mode : Mixed Julian/Gregorian RTS-only print : NO EOP file : eop.241107.p250203 EOP coverage : DATA-BASED 1962-JAN-20 TO 2024-NOV-07. PREDICTS-> 2025-FEB-02 Units conversion: 1 au= 149597870.700 km, c= 299792.458 km/s, 1 day= 86400.0 s Table cut-offs 1: Elevation ( 0.0deg=YES),Airmass (>38.000=NO), Daylight (YES) Table cut-offs 2: Solar elongation ( 12.0,180.0=YES),Local Hour Angle( 0.0=NO ) Table cut-offs 3: RA/DEC angular rate ( 0.0=NO ) *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** Date__(UT)__HR:MN R.A._____(ICRF)_____DEC Azi____(a-app)___Elev APmag S-brt r rdot delta deldot S-O-T /r S-T-O T-O-M/MN_Illu% RA_3sigma DEC_3sigma Sky_motion Sky_mot_PA RelVel-ANG *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** $$SOE >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< 2024-Oct-31 08:40 C 22 52 36.28 -52 42 05.0 147.391572 62.325816 n.a. n.a. 0.993072000797 0.3014967 0.00206976553593 0.1959983 99.3321 /T 80.5501 108.2/ 1.4269 n.a. n.a. 18.884412 84.465099 22.532825 2024-Oct-31 08:50 C 22 52 56.80 -52 41 44.3 149.569120 63.412335 n.a. n.a. 0.993073209352 0.3011606 0.00207056717583 0.2037463 99.3710 /T 80.5112 108.2/ 1.4088 n.a. n.a. 18.656046 82.764022 23.576081 2024-Oct-31 09:00 N 22 53 17.02 -52 41 18.4 151.993452 64.429073 n.a. n.a. 0.993074416554 0.3008223 0.00207140022262 0.2116560 99.4101 /T 80.4720 108.2/ 1.3906 n.a. n.a. 18.471739 81.012776 24.592103 2024-Oct-31 09:10 N 22 53 36.95 -52 40 47.1 154.675062 65.366290 n.a. n.a. 0.993075622394 0.3004815 0.00207226529473 0.2197123 99.4496 /T 80.4325 108.2/ 1.3722 n.a. n.a. 18.332572 79.223994 25.570767 2024-Oct-31 09:20 N 22 53 56.64 -52 40 10.3 157.619148 66.213555 n.a. n.a. 0.993076826863 0.3001384 0.00207316294920 0.2278997 99.4895 /T 80.3925 108.1/ 1.3538 n.a. n.a. 18.239265 77.411536 26.502812 2024-Oct-31 09:30 A 22 54 16.11 -52 39 28.0 160.823383 66.959998 n.a. n.a. 0.993078029951 0.2997930 0.00207409368050 0.2362026 99.5300 /T 80.3520 108.1/ 1.3353 n.a. n.a. 18.192150 75.590100 27.380187 2024-Oct-31 09:40 A 22 54 35.40 -52 38 40.2 164.275613 67.594688 n.a. n.a. 0.993079231649 0.2994453 0.00207505791952 0.2446048 99.5710 /T 80.3109 108.1/ 1.3167 n.a. n.a. 18.191154 73.774769 28.196313 2024-Oct-31 09:50 A 22 54 54.52 -52 37 46.8 167.951916 68.107148 n.a. n.a. 0.993080431948 0.2990952 0.00207605603267 0.2530903 99.6128 /T 80.2692 108.1/ 1.2980 n.a. n.a. 18.235801 71.980539 28.946256 2024-Oct-31 10:00 22 55 13.51 -52 36 47.8 171.815546 68.487996 n.a. n.a. 0.993081630838 0.2987429 0.00207708832102 0.2616426 99.6552 /T 80.2267 108.0/ 1.2792 n.a. n.a. 18.325221 70.221840 29.626783 2024-Oct-31 10:10 22 55 32.41 -52 35 43.2 175.817332 68.729631 n.a. n.a. 0.993082828310 0.2983882 0.00207815501970 0.2702453 99.6984 /T 80.1834 108.0/ 1.2604 n.a. n.a. 18.458186 68.512108 30.236319 2024-Oct-31 10:20 22 55 51.24 -52 34 33.0 179.897899 68.826876 n.a. n.a. 0.993084024355 0.2980313 0.00207925629729 0.2788817 99.7425 /T 80.1393 108.0/ 1.2416 n.a. n.a. 18.633142 66.863427 30.774816 2024-Oct-31 10:30 t 22 56 10.04 -52 33 17.2 183.991634 68.777459 n.a. n.a. 0.993085218964 0.2976720 0.00208039225540 0.2875351 99.7875 /T 80.0943 108.0/ 1.2227 n.a. n.a. 18.848264 65.286260 31.243554 2024-Oct-31 10:40 22 56 28.82 -52 31 55.8 188.031855 68.582234 n.a. n.a. 0.993086412127 0.2973105 0.00208156292840 0.2961886 99.8334 /T 80.0483 107.9/ 1.2038 n.a. n.a. 19.101505 63.789291 31.644904 2024-Oct-31 10:50 22 56 47.63 -52 30 28.9 191.956176 68.245084 n.a. n.a. 0.993087603836 0.2969467 0.00208276828318 0.3048254 99.8804 /T 80.0012 107.9/ 1.1849 n.a. n.a. 19.390655 62.379358 31.982078 2024-Oct-31 11:00 22 57 06.49 -52 28 56.4 195.711046 67.772544 n.a. n.a. 0.993088794081 0.2965807 0.00208400821922 0.3134288 99.9285 /T 79.9531 107.9/ 1.1660 n.a. n.a. 19.713390 61.061482 32.258880 2024-Oct-31 11:10 22 57 25.44 -52 27 18.5 199.254693 67.173211 n.a. n.a. 0.993089982853 0.2962124 0.00208528256851 0.3219819 99.9777 /T 79.9038 107.9/ 1.1471 n.a. n.a. 20.067326 59.838962 32.479478 2024-Oct-31 11:20 22 57 44.49 -52 25 35.2 202.558209 66.457063 n.a. n.a. 0.993091170144 0.2958418 0.00208659109592 0.3304681 100.0281 /T 79.8534 107.9/ 1.1283 n.a. n.a. 20.450061 58.713533 32.648216 2024-Oct-31 11:30 22 58 03.69 -52 23 46.6 205.605005 65.634795 n.a. n.a. 0.993092355944 0.2954690 0.00208793349938 0.3388706 100.0798 /T 79.8017 107.8/ 1.1095 n.a. n.a. 20.859210 57.685549 32.769448 2024-Oct-31 11:40 22 58 23.05 -52 21 52.6 208.389152 64.717244 n.a. n.a. 0.993093540245 0.2950940 0.00208930941049 0.3471730 100.1327 /T 79.7487 107.8/ 1.0907 n.a. n.a. 21.292438 56.754185 32.847419 2024-Oct-31 11:50 22 58 42.61 -52 19 53.5 210.913161 63.714960 n.a. n.a. 0.993094723036 0.2947167 0.00209071839502 0.3553591 100.1869 /T 79.6944 107.8/ 1.0721 n.a. n.a. 21.747482 55.917643 32.886173 2024-Oct-31 12:00 22 59 02.39 -52 17 49.4 213.185685 62.637901 n.a. n.a. 0.993095904311 0.2943373 0.00209215995365 0.3634126 100.2425 /T 79.6387 107.8/ 1.0535 n.a. n.a. 22.222168 55.173348 32.889496 2024-Oct-31 12:10 22 59 22.42 -52 15 40.2 215.219449 61.495261 n.a. n.a. 0.993097084058 0.2939556 0.00209363352275 0.3713176 100.2995 /T 79.5817 107.8/ 1.0350 n.a. n.a. 22.714421 54.518125 32.860878 2024-Oct-31 12:20 22 59 42.72 -52 13 26.1 217.029546 60.295395 n.a. n.a. 0.993098262271 0.2935717 0.00209513847545 0.3790586 100.3580 /T 79.5232 107.8/ 1.0165 n.a. n.a. 23.222274 53.948359 32.803496 2024-Oct-31 12:30 23 00 03.33 -52 11 07.3 218.632146 59.045802 n.a. n.a. 0.993099438939 0.2931856 0.00209667412267 0.3866201 100.4179 /T 79.4632 107.8/ 0.9982 n.a. n.a. 23.743868 53.460135 32.720218 2024-Oct-31 12:40 23 00 24.25 -52 08 43.9 220.043562 57.753164 n.a. n.a. 0.993100614055 0.2927974 0.00209823971420 0.3939871 100.4793 /T 79.4017 107.7/ 0.9801 n.a. n.a. 24.277456 53.049350 32.613604 2024-Oct-31 12:50 23 00 45.52 -52 06 15.9 221.279634 56.423408 n.a. n.a. 0.993101787609 0.2924069 0.00209983444022 0.4011448 100.5422 /T 79.3388 107.7/ 0.9620 n.a. n.a. 24.821394 52.711810 32.485929 2024-Oct-31 13:00 23 01 07.16 -52 03 43.6 222.355342 55.061774 n.a. n.a. 0.993102959592 0.2920143 0.00210145743249 0.4080790 100.6066 /T 79.2742 107.7/ 0.9441 n.a. n.a. 25.374144 52.443306 32.339200 2024-Oct-31 13:10 23 01 29.37 -52 01 06.7 223.284549 53.673364 n.a. n.a. 0.993104142830 0.2916223 0.00210309460811 0.4147659 100.6731 /T 79.2078 107.7/ 0.9263 n.a. n.a. 25.934511 52.239147 32.174499 2024-Oct-31 13:20 23 01 51.81 -51 58 26.1 224.080119 52.261345 n.a. n.a. 0.993105311658 0.2912254 0.00210477126456 0.4212115 100.7406 /T 79.1401 107.7/ 0.9088 n.a. n.a. 26.500655 52.096300 31.994751 2024-Oct-31 13:30 23 02 14.67 -51 55 41.6 224.753529 50.829818 n.a. n.a. 0.993106478889 0.2908262 0.00210647324903 0.4273930 100.8098 /T 79.0709 107.7/ 0.8913 n.a. n.a. 27.071556 52.010291 31.800599 2024-Oct-31 13:40 23 02 37.99 -51 52 53.3 225.315190 49.382024 n.a. n.a. 0.993107644515 0.2904249 0.00210819947640 0.4332976 100.8805 /T 79.0001 107.7/ 0.8741 n.a. n.a. 27.646029 51.977311 31.593214 2024-Oct-31 13:50 23 03 01.76 -51 50 01.5 225.774437 47.920853 n.a. n.a. 0.993108808528 0.2900215 0.00210994881183 0.4389132 100.9528 /T 78.9277 107.7/ 0.8570 n.a. n.a. 28.222962 51.993716 31.373613 2024-Oct-31 14:00 23 03 26.01 -51 47 06.3 226.139605 46.448906 n.a. n.a. 0.993109970918 0.2896160 0.00211172007280 0.4442283 101.0268 /T 78.8537 107.7/ 0.8402 n.a. n.a. 28.801309 52.056032 31.142681 2024-Oct-31 14:10 23 03 50.76 -51 44 07.9 226.418115 44.968528 n.a. n.a. 0.993111131677 0.2892083 0.00211351203124 0.4492317 101.1023 /T 78.7781 107.7/ 0.8235 n.a. n.a. 29.380084 52.160963 30.901182 2024-Oct-31 14:20 23 04 16.02 -51 41 06.4 226.616564 43.481851 n.a. n.a. 0.993112290797 0.2887984 0.00211532341561 0.4539128 101.1794 /T 78.7009 107.7/ 0.8071 n.a. n.a. 29.958357 52.305392 30.649784 2024-Oct-31 14:30 23 04 41.79 -51 38 02.1 226.740806 41.990823 n.a. n.a. 0.993113448269 0.2883865 0.00211715291319 0.4582618 101.2581 /T 78.6222 107.7/ 0.7908 n.a. n.a. 30.535250 52.486375 30.389064 2024-Oct-31 14:40 23 05 08.09 -51 34 55.1 226.796029 40.497235 n.a. n.a. 0.993114604084 0.2879725 0.00211899917240 0.4622691 101.3383 /T 78.5419 107.7/ 0.7748 n.a. n.a. 31.109927 52.701143 30.119525 2024-Oct-31 14:50 23 05 34.93 -51 31 45.6 226.786829 39.002750 n.a. n.a. 0.993115758235 0.2875563 0.00212086080520 0.4659260 101.4201 /T 78.4600 107.7/ 0.7590 n.a. n.a. 31.681596 52.947093 29.841609 2024-Oct-31 15:00 23 06 02.33 -51 28 33.9 226.717272 37.508914 n.a. n.a. 0.993116910712 0.2871381 0.00212273638941 0.4692243 101.5035 /T 78.3766 107.7/ 0.7435 n.a. n.a. 32.249499 53.221782 29.555698 2024-Oct-31 15:10 23 06 30.28 -51 25 20.1 226.590955 36.017184 n.a. n.a. 0.993118061508 0.2867177 0.00212462447137 0.4721565 101.5884 /T 78.2916 107.7/ 0.7282 n.a. n.a. 32.812915 53.522922 29.262134 2024-Oct-31 15:20 23 06 58.79 -51 22 04.3 226.411054 34.528935 n.a. n.a. 0.993119210613 0.2862953 0.00212652356832 0.4747156 101.6747 /T 78.2052 107.8/ 0.7132 n.a. n.a. 33.371152 53.848369 28.961214 2024-Oct-31 15:30 23 07 27.87 -51 18 46.9 226.180375 33.045478 n.a. n.a. 0.993120358021 0.2858708 0.00212843217109 0.4768953 101.7626 /T 78.1173 107.8/ 0.6984 n.a. n.a. 33.923544 54.196118 28.653206 2024-Oct-31 15:40 23 07 57.52 -51 15 28.0 225.901389 31.568069 n.a. n.a. 0.993121503721 0.2854442 0.00213034874672 0.4786902 101.8519 /T 78.0279 107.8/ 0.6838 n.a. n.a. 34.469454 54.564296 28.338347 2024-Oct-31 15:50 23 08 27.74 -51 12 07.9 225.576275 30.097920 n.a. n.a. 0.993122647706 0.2850156 0.00213227174104 0.4800951 101.9426 /T 77.9371 107.8/ 0.6696 n.a. n.a. 35.008264 54.951152 28.016854 2024-Oct-31 16:00 23 08 58.55 -51 08 46.6 225.206946 28.636209 n.a. n.a. 0.993123789968 0.2845848 0.00213419958142 0.4811059 102.0346 /T 77.8450 107.8/ 0.6555 n.a. n.a. 35.539379 55.355051 27.688920 2024-Oct-31 16:10 23 09 29.93 -51 05 24.4 224.795084 27.184085 n.a. n.a. 0.993124930498 0.2841521 0.00213613067947 0.4817189 102.1281 /T 77.7515 107.8/ 0.6418 n.a. n.a. 36.062223 55.774467 27.354726 2024-Oct-31 16:20 23 10 01.89 -51 02 01.6 224.342159 25.742676 n.a. n.a. 0.993126069289 0.2837173 0.00213806343381 0.4819314 102.2228 /T 77.6567 107.9/ 0.6283 n.a. n.a. 36.576238 56.207978 27.014437 2024-Oct-31 16:30 23 10 34.42 -50 58 38.2 223.849458 24.313096 n.a. n.a. 0.993127206331 0.2832804 0.00213999623275 0.4817409 102.3188 /T 77.5606 107.9/ 0.6151 n.a. n.a. 37.080882 56.654257 26.668208 2024-Oct-31 16:40 23 11 07.52 -50 55 14.6 223.318099 22.896449 n.a. n.a. 0.993128341617 0.2828415 0.00214192745705 0.4811460 102.4160 /T 77.4634 107.9/ 0.6022 n.a. n.a. 37.575629 57.112065 26.316184 2024-Oct-31 16:50 23 11 41.19 -50 51 50.8 222.749057 21.493836 n.a. n.a. 0.993129475139 0.2824005 0.00214385548276 0.4801460 102.5144 /T 77.3649 107.9/ 0.5895 n.a. n.a. 38.059967 57.580250 25.958503 2024-Oct-31 17:00 23 12 15.43 -50 48 27.1 222.143173 20.106353 n.a. n.a. 0.993130606888 0.2819576 0.00214577868385 0.4787405 102.6139 /T 77.2654 107.9/ 0.5771 n.a. n.a. 38.533399 58.057738 25.595298 2024-Oct-31 17:10 23 12 50.22 -50 45 03.7 221.501177 18.735104 n.a. n.a. 0.993131736857 0.2815126 0.00214769543513 0.4769301 102.7145 /T 77.1647 108.0/ 0.5650 n.a. n.a. 38.995440 58.543528 25.226696 2024-Oct-31 17:20 23 13 25.57 -50 41 40.8 220.823695 17.381197 n.a. n.a. 0.993132865036 0.2810655 0.00214960411481 0.4747161 102.8161 /T 77.0631 108.0/ 0.5532 n.a. n.a. 39.445618 59.036687 24.852821 2024-Oct-31 17:30 23 14 01.46 -50 38 18.5 220.111268 16.045748 n.a. n.a. 0.993133991419 0.2806165 0.00215150310739 0.4721003 102.9186 /T 76.9604 108.0/ 0.5417 n.a. n.a. 39.883474 59.536350 24.473793 2024-Oct-31 17:40 A 23 14 37.88 -50 34 57.0 219.364358 14.729885 n.a. n.a. 0.993135115996 0.2801655 0.00215339080630 0.4690853 103.0221 /T 76.8569 108.1/ 0.5304 n.a. n.a. 40.308561 60.041707 24.089732 2024-Oct-31 17:50 A 23 15 14.82 -50 31 36.6 218.583367 13.434752 n.a. n.a. 0.993136238761 0.2797124 0.00215526561656 0.4656744 103.1265 /T 76.7524 108.1/ 0.5194 n.a. n.a. 40.720444 60.552007 23.700753 2024-Oct-31 18:00 A 23 15 52.28 -50 28 17.3 217.768641 12.161506 n.a. n.a. 0.993137359705 0.2792574 0.00215712595750 0.4618713 103.2317 /T 76.6472 108.1/ 0.5087 n.a. n.a. 41.118700 61.066553 23.306973 2024-Oct-31 18:10 A 23 16 30.24 -50 24 59.4 216.920488 10.911320 n.a. n.a. 0.993138478819 0.2788004 0.00215897026543 0.4576808 103.3376 /T 76.5413 108.2/ 0.4982 n.a. n.a. 41.502918 61.584693 22.908507 2024-Oct-31 18:20 N 23 17 08.69 -50 21 43.0 216.039179 9.685386 n.a. n.a. 0.993139596097 0.2783413 0.00216079699607 0.4531079 103.4442 /T 76.4346 108.2/ 0.4880 n.a. n.a. 41.872698 62.105823 22.505470 2024-Oct-31 18:30 N 23 17 47.62 -50 18 28.3 215.124968 8.484913 n.a. n.a. 0.993140711530 0.2778803 0.00216260462732 0.4481584 103.5514 /T 76.3274 108.2/ 0.4781 n.a. n.a. 42.227652 62.629381 22.097976 2024-Oct-31 18:40 Nm 23 18 27.01 -50 15 15.4 214.178094 7.311130 n.a. n.a. 0.993141825110 0.2774174 0.00216439166164 0.4428389 103.6591 /T 76.2196 108.3/ 0.4685 n.a. n.a. 42.567406 63.154843 21.686140 2024-Oct-31 18:50 Cm 23 19 06.85 -50 12 04.5 213.198796 6.165281 n.a. n.a. 0.993142936828 0.2769524 0.00216615662856 0.4371564 103.7674 /T 76.1113 108.3/ 0.4591 n.a. n.a. 42.891596 63.681725 21.270076 2024-Oct-31 19:00 Cm 23 19 47.12 -50 08 55.7 212.187322 5.048629 n.a. n.a. 0.993144046679 0.2764855 0.00216789808713 0.4311185 103.8761 /T 76.0025 108.3/ 0.4500 n.a. n.a. 43.199871 64.209574 20.849899 >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< $$EOE *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** Column meaning: TIME Times PRIOR to 1962 are UT1, a mean-solar time closely related to the prior but now-deprecated GMT. Times AFTER 1962 are in UTC, the current civil or "wall-clock" time-scale. UTC is kept within 0.9 seconds of UT1 using integer leap-seconds for 1972 and later years. Conversion from the internal Barycentric Dynamical Time (TDB) of solar system dynamics to the non-uniform civil UT time-scale requested for output has not been determined for UTC times after the next July or January 1st. Therefore, the last known leap-second is used as a constant over future intervals. Time tags refer to the UT time-scale conversion from TDB on Earth regardless of observer location within the solar system, although clock rates may differ due to the local gravity field and no analog to "UT" may be defined for that location. Any 'b' symbol in the 1st-column denotes a B.C. date. First-column blank (" ") denotes an A.D. date. CALENDAR SYSTEM Mixed calendar mode was active such that calendar dates after AD 1582-Oct-15 (if any) are in the modern Gregorian system. Dates prior to 1582-Oct-5 (if any) are in the Julian calendar system, which is automatically extended for dates prior to its adoption on 45-Jan-1 BC. The Julian calendar is useful for matching historical dates. The Gregorian calendar more accurately corresponds to the Earth's orbital motion and seasons. A "Gregorian-only" calendar mode is available if such physical events are the primary interest. NOTE: "n.a." in output means quantity "not available" at the print-time. SOLAR PRESENCE (OBSERVING SITE) Time tag is followed by a blank, then a solar-presence condition code: '*' Daylight (refracted solar upper-limb on or above apparent horizon) 'C' Civil twilight/dawn 'N' Nautical twilight/dawn 'A' Astronomical twilight/dawn ' ' Night OR geocentric ephemeris LUNAR PRESENCE WITH TARGET RISE/TRANSIT/SET EVENT MARKER (OBSERVING SITE) The solar-presence code column is immediately followed by another marker: 'm' Refracted upper-limb of Moon on or above apparent horizon ' ' Refracted upper-limb of Moon below apparent horizon OR geocentric The lunar presence marker (an ongoing state) can be over-ridden by a target event marker if an event has occurred since the last output step: 'r' Rise (target body on or went above cut-off RTS elevation) 'e' Elevation max (target body maximum elevation angle has occurred) 't' Transit (target body at or passed through observer meridian) 's' Set (target body on or went below cut-off RTS elevation) RTS MARKERS (TVH) Rise and set are with respect to the reference ellipsoid true visual horizon defined by the elevation cut-off angle. Horizon dip and yellow-light refraction (Earth only) are considered. Accuracy is < or = to twice the requested search step-size. 'R.A._____(ICRF)_____DEC' = Astrometric right ascension and declination of the target center with respect to the observing site (coordinate origin) in the reference frame of the planetary ephemeris (ICRF). Compensated for down-leg light-time delay aberration. Units: RA in hours-minutes-seconds of time, HH MM SS.ff{ffff} DEC in degrees-minutes-seconds of arc, sDD MN SC.f{ffff} 'Azi____(a-app)___Elev' = Airless apparent azimuth and elevation of target center. Compensated for light-time, the gravitational deflection of light, stellar aberration, precession and nutation. Azimuth is measured clockwise from north: North(0) -> East(90) -> South(180) -> West(270) -> North (360) Elevation angle is with respect to a plane perpendicular to the reference surface local zenith direction. TOPOCENTRIC ONLY. Units: DEGREES 'APmag S-brt' = The targets' approximate apparent visual magnitude and surface brightness. For planets and natural satellites, output is restricted to solar phase angles covered by observational data. Outside the observed phase angle range, "n.a." may be output to avoid extrapolation beyond the limit of model validity. For Earth-based observers, the estimated dimming due to atmospheric absorption (extinction) is available as a separate, requestable quantity. Surface brightness is the average airless visual magnitude of a square-arcsecond of the illuminated portion of the apparent disk. It is computed only if the target radius is known. Units: MAGNITUDES & MAGNITUDES PER SQUARE ARCSECOND 'r rdot' = The Sun's apparent range ("r", light-time aberrated) and range-rate ("rdot") relative to the target center, as seen by the observer. A positive "rdot" means the target center was moving away from the Sun, negative means moving toward the Sun. Units: AU and KM/S 'delta deldot' = Apparent range ("delta", light-time aberrated) and range-rate ("delta-dot") of the target center relative to the observer. A positive "deldot" means the target center is moving away from the observer, negative indicates movement toward the observer. Units: AU and KM/S 'S-O-T /r' = Sun-Observer-Target apparent SOLAR ELONGATION ANGLE seen from the observers' location at print-time. The '/r' column provides a code indicating the targets' apparent position relative to the Sun in the observers' sky, as described below: Case A: For an observing location on the surface of a rotating body, that body rotational sense is considered: /T indicates target TRAILS Sun (evening sky: rises and sets AFTER Sun) /L indicates target LEADS Sun (morning sky: rises and sets BEFORE Sun) Case B: For an observing point that does not have a rotational model (such as a spacecraft), the "leading" and "trailing" condition is defined by the observers' heliocentric ORBITAL motion: * If continuing in the observers' current direction of heliocentric motion would encounter the targets' apparent longitude first, followed by the Sun's, the target LEADS the Sun as seen by the observer. * If the Sun's apparent longitude would be encountered first, followed by the targets', the target TRAILS the Sun. Two other codes can be output: /* indicates observer is Sun-centered (undefined) /? Target is aligned with Sun center (no lead or trail) The S-O-T solar elongation angle is numerically the minimum separation angle of the Sun and target in the sky in any direction. It does NOT indicate the amount of separation in the leading or trailing directions, which would be defined along the equator of a spherical coordinate system. Units: DEGREES 'S-T-O' = The Sun-Target-Observer angle; the interior vertex angle at target center formed by a vector from the target to the apparent center of the Sun (at reflection time on the target) and the apparent vector from target to the observer at print-time. Slightly different from true PHASE ANGLE (requestable separately) at the few arcsecond level in that it includes stellar aberration on the down-leg from target to observer. Units: DEGREES 'T-O-M/MN_Illu%' = Target-Observer-Moon LUNAR ELONGATION angle and illuminated percentage. The apparent lunar elongation angle between target body center and Moon center, seen from the observing site, along with fraction of the lunar disk illuminated by the Sun. A negative lunar elongation angle indicates the target center is behind the Moon. Units: DEGREES & PERCENT 'RA_3sigma DEC_3sigma' = Uncertainty in Right-Ascension and Declination. Output values are the formal +/- 3 standard-deviations (sigmas) around nominal position. Units: ARCSECONDS 'Sky_motion Sky_mot_PA RelVel-ANG' = Total apparent angular rate of the target in the plane-of-sky. "Sky_mot_PA" is the position angle of the target's direction of motion in the plane-of-sky, measured counter-clockwise from the apparent of-date north pole direction. "RelVel-ANG" is the flight path angle of the target's relative motion with respect to the observer's line-of-sight, in the range [-90,+90], where positive values indicate motion away from the observer, negative values are toward the observer: -90 = target is moving directly toward the observer 0 = target is moving at right angles to the observer's line-of-sight +90 = target is moving directly away from the observer UNITS: ARCSECONDS/MINUTE, DEGREES, DEGREES Computations by ... Solar System Dynamics Group, Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Pasadena, CA 91109 USA General site: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ Mailing list: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/email_list.html System news : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/news.html User Guide : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/manual.html Connect : browser https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/app.html#/x API https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/doc/horizons.html command-line telnet ssd.jpl.nasa.gov 6775 e-mail/batch https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/hrzn_batch.txt scripts https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/SCRIPTS Author : Jon.D.Giorgini@jpl.nasa.gov ***************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************