API VERSION: 1.2 API SOURCE: NASA/JPL Horizons API ******************************************************************************* Revised: Oct 31, 2024 TESS / (Earth) -95 https://tess.gsfc.nasa.gov/index.html http://spaceflight101.com/tess/tess-orbit-design/ BACKGROUND: The NASA Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission is to detect exoplanets transiting nearby bright stars, targets for followup characterization with large ground telescopes such as the Hubble Space Telescope and the future James Webb Space Telescope. Launched : 2018-Apr-18 22:51 UTC Launch vehicle : Falcon 9 Block 4 Launch site : SLC-40, Cape Canaveral Payload mass : 362 kg Ascent duration : 49 minutes, then TESS deployment A SpaceX Falcon 9 launched the 362-kilogram TESS spacecraft into a Suprasynchronous Transfer Orbit of 200 by 270,000 kilometers at an inclination of 28.5 degrees. The operational orbit chosen for TESS is a highly eccentric, 2:1 lunar resonance orbit of 108,400 by 376,300 kilometers at an inclination of 37 degrees, timed so that the spacecraft reaches apogee with the moon at a phasing of 90 degrees. 11 maneuvering engine burns, 3.5 phasing loops, and a lunar flyby will be used during the first 60 days to go from the inital transfer orbit to the operational orbit. TESS is designed to: - Monitor 200,000 nearby stars for planets - Detect and characterize Earth and Super-Earth size planets - Cover 400X larger sky area than Kepler - Span stellar spectral types of F5 to M5 Transiting exoplanets allow determination of the following: - Fundamental properties: mass, radius, orbit - Dynamics: planet-planet interactions, mutual inclinations, moons, tides - Atmospheric composition & structure: transmission spectrum, emission spectrum, MISSION OVERVIEW: All-sky, two year photometric exoplanet discovery mission. TESS will tile the sky with 26 observation sectors: - At least 27 days staring at each 24 deg. x 96 deg. sector - Brightest 100,000 stars at 1-minute cadence - Full frame images with 30-minute cadence - Map Northern hemisphere in first year - Map Southern hemisphere in second year - Sectors overlap at ecliptic poles for sensitivity to smaller and longer period planets in JWST Continuous Viewing Zone (CVZ) TESS observes from unique High Earth Orbit (HEO): - Unobstructed view for continuous observation - Two 13.7 day orbits per observation sector - Stable 2:1 resonance with Moon's orbit (P/2) - Thermally stable, low-radiation SPACECRAFT: Designed for photometric stability. Heritage Orbital LEOStar-2 spacecraft bus: - 3-axis stabilized pointing, with <= 3 arcsecong performance - Two-headed star tracker; 4 wheel zero-momentum system - 400W single-axis articulating solar array - Passive thermal control - Mono-propellant propulsion system - Ka-band 100 Mbps science downlink - Hexagonal 3.9 x 1.2 x 1.5 meter dimensions when fully deployed - Two 1.1 x 0.89 m solar panels SCIENCE INSTRUMENT: Four wide field-of-view CCD cameras. Each of the four cameras has: - 24 deg. x 24 deg. Field-of-View - 100 mm effective pupil diameter - Lens assembly with 7 optical elements - Athermal design - 600nm - 1000nm bandpass - 16.8 Megapixel, low-noise, low-power, MIT Lincoln Lab CCID-80 detector Trajectory: Post-launch trajectory (starts after launch ascent, L+00:49 min.). Concatenated short-term tag-up predictions, each covering ~3-4 days: Last tracking data used is 2024-Oct-30, predicts thereafter. Trajectory name Start (TDB) Stop (TDB) ------------------------------------ ----------------- ----------------- Concatenated trajectory files (606) 2018-Apr-18 23:37 2026-May-02 13:00 ******************************************************************************* ******************************************************************************* Ephemeris / API_USER Sat Nov 2 23:49:20 2024 Pasadena, USA / Horizons ******************************************************************************* Target body name: TESS (spacecraft) (-95) {source: TESS_merged} Center body name: Earth (399) {source: TESS_merged} Center-site name: Swan Reach Imaging, Glenalta ******************************************************************************* Start time : A.D. 2024-Oct-31 00:00:00.0000 UT Stop time : A.D. 2024-Nov-01 00:00:00.0000 UT Step-size : 10 minutes ******************************************************************************* Target pole/equ : undefined Target radii : undefined Center geodetic : 139.5701, -34.5440227, .056888 {E-lon(deg),Lat(deg),Alt(km)} Center cylindric: 139.5701,5259.32258,-3596.34777 {E-lon(deg),Dxy(km),Dz(km)} Center pole/equ : ITRF93 {East-longitude positive} Center radii : 6378.137, 6378.137, 6356.752 km {Equator_a, b, pole_c} Target primary : Earth Vis. interferer : MOON (R_eq= 1737.400) km {source: DE441} Rel. light bend : Sun {source: TESS_merged} Rel. lght bnd GM: 1.3271E+11 km^3/s^2 Atmos refraction: NO (AIRLESS) RA format : HMS Time format : CAL Calendar mode : Mixed Julian/Gregorian RTS-only print : NO EOP file : eop.241101.p250128 EOP coverage : DATA-BASED 1962-JAN-20 TO 2024-NOV-01. PREDICTS-> 2025-JAN-27 Units conversion: 1 au= 149597870.700 km, c= 299792.458 km/s, 1 day= 86400.0 s Table cut-offs 1: Elevation ( 0.0deg=YES),Airmass (>38.000=NO), Daylight (YES) Table cut-offs 2: Solar elongation ( 12.0,180.0=YES),Local Hour Angle( 0.0=NO ) Table cut-offs 3: RA/DEC angular rate ( 0.0=NO ) *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** Date__(UT)__HR:MN R.A._____(ICRF)_____DEC Azi____(a-app)___Elev APmag S-brt r rdot delta deldot S-O-T /r S-T-O T-O-M/MN_Illu% RA_3sigma DEC_3sigma Sky_motion Sky_mot_PA RelVel-ANG *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** $$SOE >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< 2024-Oct-31 09:20 C 22 54 52.94 -52 33 53.7 143.356851 65.087961 n.a. n.a. 0.993076826863 0.3001384 0.00207351301091 0.1949871 99.6661 /T 80.2160 108.3/ 1.3630 n.a. n.a. 19.299431 83.330983 21.956331 2024-Oct-31 09:30 C 22 55 13.81 -52 33 28.9 145.559452 66.251655 n.a. n.a. 0.993078029951 0.2997930 0.00207431000408 0.2024397 99.7062 /T 80.1758 108.3/ 1.3454 n.a. n.a. 19.088337 81.716840 22.928889 2024-Oct-31 09:40 N 22 55 34.38 -52 32 59.1 148.066186 67.349681 n.a. n.a. 0.993079231649 0.2994453 0.00207513720978 0.2100494 99.7467 /T 80.1354 108.3/ 1.3277 n.a. n.a. 18.918911 80.060345 23.877165 2024-Oct-31 09:50 N 22 55 54.69 -52 32 24.1 150.900795 68.370779 n.a. n.a. 0.993080431948 0.2990952 0.00207599522843 0.2178013 99.7875 /T 80.0945 108.3/ 1.3098 n.a. n.a. 18.792045 78.372924 24.792372 2024-Oct-31 10:00 N 22 56 14.75 -52 31 43.8 154.081888 69.302375 n.a. n.a. 0.993081630838 0.2987429 0.00207688460113 0.2256807 99.8287 /T 80.0532 108.2/ 1.2919 n.a. n.a. 18.708312 76.666956 25.666454 2024-Oct-31 10:10 A 22 56 34.61 -52 30 58.2 157.618991 70.130777 n.a. n.a. 0.993082828310 0.2983882 0.00207780580855 0.2336723 99.8705 /T 80.0115 108.2/ 1.2739 n.a. n.a. 18.667942 74.955446 26.492362 2024-Oct-31 10:20 A 22 56 54.27 -52 30 07.3 161.507790 70.841592 n.a. n.a. 0.993084024355 0.2980313 0.00207875926992 0.2417607 99.9128 /T 79.9691 108.2/ 1.2558 n.a. n.a. 18.670808 73.251655 27.264264 2024-Oct-31 10:30 A 22 57 13.79 -52 29 11.0 165.725236 71.420426 n.a. n.a. 0.993085218964 0.2976720 0.00207974534214 0.2499303 99.9557 /T 79.9261 108.2/ 1.2377 n.a. n.a. 18.716433 71.568712 27.977685 2024-Oct-31 10:40 A 22 57 33.18 -52 28 09.4 170.225727 71.853876 n.a. n.a. 0.993086412128 0.2973105 0.00208076431902 0.2581651 99.9994 /T 79.8824 108.1/ 1.2195 n.a. n.a. 18.804003 69.919234 28.629561 2024-Oct-31 10:50 22 57 52.47 -52 27 02.3 174.939987 72.130724 n.a. n.a. 0.993087603837 0.2969467 0.00208181643053 0.2664493 100.0438 /T 79.8379 108.1/ 1.2013 n.a. n.a. 18.932386 68.314982 29.218210 2024-Oct-31 11:00 22 58 11.69 -52 25 49.9 179.778073 72.243154 n.a. n.a. 0.993088794082 0.2965807 0.00208290184239 0.2747668 100.0891 /T 79.7927 108.1/ 1.1830 n.a. n.a. 19.100173 66.766570 29.743239 2024-Oct-31 11:10 t 22 58 30.88 -52 24 32.0 184.636924 72.187707 n.a. n.a. 0.993089982855 0.2962124 0.00208402065561 0.2831013 100.1352 /T 79.7465 108.1/ 1.1647 n.a. n.a. 19.305713 65.283254 30.205394 2024-Oct-31 11:20 22 58 50.06 -52 23 08.8 189.411190 71.965738 n.a. n.a. 0.993091170146 0.2958418 0.00208517290610 0.2914367 100.1823 /T 79.6994 108.1/ 1.1464 n.a. n.a. 19.547161 63.872796 30.606378 2024-Oct-31 11:30 22 59 09.25 -52 21 40.3 194.004672 71.583219 n.a. n.a. 0.993092355946 0.2954690 0.00208635856462 0.2997567 100.2303 /T 79.6513 108.0/ 1.1281 n.a. n.a. 19.822522 62.541400 30.948649 2024-Oct-31 11:40 22 59 28.49 -52 20 06.5 198.339391 71.049960 n.a. n.a. 0.993093540246 0.2950940 0.00208757753667 0.3080449 100.2794 /T 79.6021 108.0/ 1.1098 n.a. n.a. 20.129696 61.293730 31.235228 2024-Oct-31 11:50 22 59 47.81 -52 18 27.3 202.360414 70.378471 n.a. n.a. 0.993094723038 0.2947167 0.00208882966252 0.3162852 100.3296 /T 79.5518 108.0/ 1.0916 n.a. n.a. 20.466522 60.132981 31.469506 2024-Oct-31 12:00 23 00 07.23 -52 16 43.0 206.036213 69.582727 n.a. n.a. 0.993095904313 0.2943373 0.00209011471750 0.3244615 100.3810 /T 79.5004 108.0/ 1.0733 n.a. n.a. 20.830813 59.060989 31.655088 2024-Oct-31 12:10 23 00 26.78 -52 14 53.6 209.355696 68.677089 n.a. n.a. 0.993097084060 0.2939556 0.00209143241225 0.3325575 100.4336 /T 79.4478 108.0/ 1.0552 n.a. n.a. 21.220389 58.078384 31.795646 2024-Oct-31 12:20 23 00 46.49 -52 12 59.1 212.323562 67.675482 n.a. n.a. 0.993098262273 0.2935717 0.00209278239315 0.3405575 100.4873 /T 79.3940 108.0/ 1.0371 n.a. n.a. 21.633105 57.184744 31.894818 2024-Oct-31 12:30 23 01 06.39 -52 10 59.6 214.955382 66.590864 n.a. n.a. 0.993099438942 0.2931856 0.00209416424292 0.3484455 100.5424 /T 79.3389 107.9/ 1.0190 n.a. n.a. 22.066871 56.378764 31.956119 2024-Oct-31 12:40 23 01 26.49 -52 08 55.1 217.273286 65.434953 n.a. n.a. 0.993100614057 0.2927974 0.00209557748131 0.3562060 100.5988 /T 79.2825 107.9/ 1.0010 n.a. n.a. 22.519669 55.658418 31.982881 2024-Oct-31 12:50 23 01 46.83 -52 06 45.9 219.302621 64.218137 n.a. n.a. 0.993101787611 0.2924069 0.00209702156583 0.3638236 100.6565 /T 79.2247 107.9/ 0.9832 n.a. n.a. 22.989562 55.021111 31.978216 2024-Oct-31 13:00 23 02 07.43 -52 04 32.0 221.069590 62.949496 n.a. n.a. 0.993102959595 0.2920143 0.00209849589273 0.3712831 100.7156 /T 79.1655 107.9/ 0.9654 n.a. n.a. 23.474704 54.463812 31.944994 2024-Oct-31 13:10 23 02 28.49 -52 02 13.1 222.599559 61.637376 n.a. n.a. 0.993104142833 0.2916223 0.00209998668270 0.3785597 100.7765 /T 79.1045 107.9/ 0.9477 n.a. n.a. 23.973589 53.982664 31.885060 2024-Oct-31 13:20 23 02 49.67 -51 59 50.1 223.916913 60.287655 n.a. n.a. 0.993105311661 0.2912254 0.00210151940378 0.3856588 100.8384 /T 79.0426 107.9/ 0.9302 n.a. n.a. 24.484066 53.575141 31.802353 2024-Oct-31 13:30 23 03 11.19 -51 57 22.8 225.043382 58.906661 n.a. n.a. 0.993106478892 0.2908262 0.00210308019955 0.3925561 100.9018 /T 78.9791 107.9/ 0.9128 n.a. n.a. 25.004818 53.237053 31.698202 2024-Oct-31 13:40 23 03 33.06 -51 54 51.3 225.998761 57.499459 n.a. n.a. 0.993107644519 0.2904249 0.00210466823264 0.3992377 100.9667 /T 78.9142 107.9/ 0.8955 n.a. n.a. 25.534371 52.964672 31.574504 2024-Oct-31 13:50 23 03 55.29 -51 52 15.7 226.800688 56.070434 n.a. n.a. 0.993108808531 0.2900215 0.00210628261060 0.4056901 101.0330 /T 78.8478 107.9/ 0.8784 n.a. n.a. 26.071340 52.754270 31.432944 2024-Oct-31 14:00 23 04 17.92 -51 49 36.2 227.464757 54.623397 n.a. n.a. 0.993109970922 0.2896160 0.00210792238758 0.4119001 101.1009 /T 78.7799 107.9/ 0.8614 n.a. n.a. 26.614421 52.602173 31.275014 2024-Oct-31 14:10 23 04 40.95 -51 46 52.9 228.004686 53.161676 n.a. n.a. 0.993111131681 0.2892083 0.00210958656592 0.4178551 101.1702 /T 78.7104 107.8/ 0.8446 n.a. n.a. 27.162389 52.504786 31.102028 2024-Oct-31 14:20 23 05 04.41 -51 44 06.0 228.432502 51.688195 n.a. n.a. 0.993112290801 0.2887984 0.00211127409790 0.4235428 101.2411 /T 78.6395 107.8/ 0.8280 n.a. n.a. 27.714094 52.458625 30.915142 2024-Oct-31 14:30 23 05 28.30 -51 41 15.7 228.758734 50.205541 n.a. n.a. 0.993113448273 0.2883865 0.00211298388769 0.4289515 101.3136 /T 78.5670 107.8/ 0.8116 n.a. n.a. 28.268448 52.460334 30.715372 2024-Oct-31 14:40 23 05 52.66 -51 38 22.0 228.992584 48.716021 n.a. n.a. 0.993114604089 0.2879725 0.00211471479311 0.4340698 101.3875 /T 78.4929 107.8/ 0.7954 n.a. n.a. 28.824431 52.506692 30.503609 2024-Oct-31 14:50 23 06 17.48 -51 35 25.3 229.142095 47.221703 n.a. n.a. 0.993115758239 0.2875563 0.00211646562782 0.4388869 101.4630 /T 78.4174 107.8/ 0.7793 n.a. n.a. 29.381075 52.594629 30.280634 2024-Oct-31 15:00 23 06 42.79 -51 32 25.6 229.214295 45.724461 n.a. n.a. 0.993116910717 0.2871381 0.00211823516329 0.4433928 101.5400 /T 78.3403 107.9/ 0.7635 n.a. n.a. 29.937467 52.721225 30.047134 2024-Oct-31 15:10 23 07 08.59 -51 29 23.2 229.215327 44.226001 n.a. n.a. 0.993118061512 0.2867177 0.00212002213103 0.4475775 101.6185 /T 78.2617 107.9/ 0.7479 n.a. n.a. 30.492741 52.883708 29.803710 2024-Oct-31 15:20 23 07 34.90 -51 26 18.2 229.150563 42.727894 n.a. n.a. 0.993119210618 0.2862953 0.00212182522478 0.4514321 101.6986 /T 78.1816 107.9/ 0.7325 n.a. n.a. 31.046076 53.079461 29.550892 2024-Oct-31 15:30 23 08 01.73 -51 23 10.8 229.024704 41.231598 n.a. n.a. 0.993120358025 0.2858708 0.00212364310281 0.4549480 101.7801 /T 78.1000 107.9/ 0.7173 n.a. n.a. 31.596687 53.306011 29.289147 2024-Oct-31 15:40 23 08 29.07 -51 20 01.1 228.841861 39.738474 n.a. n.a. 0.993121503726 0.2854442 0.00212547439028 0.4581171 101.8631 /T 78.0170 107.9/ 0.7023 n.a. n.a. 32.143829 53.561029 29.018889 2024-Oct-31 15:50 23 08 56.95 -51 16 49.5 228.605636 38.249804 n.a. n.a. 0.993122647711 0.2850156 0.00212731768168 0.4609323 101.9475 /T 77.9325 107.9/ 0.6876 n.a. n.a. 32.686786 53.842322 28.740484 2024-Oct-31 16:00 23 09 25.37 -51 13 36.0 228.319180 36.766807 n.a. n.a. 0.993123789973 0.2845848 0.00212917154322 0.4633866 102.0334 /T 77.8465 107.9/ 0.6732 n.a. n.a. 33.224875 54.147833 28.454259 2024-Oct-31 16:10 23 09 54.33 -51 10 20.9 227.985254 35.290646 n.a. n.a. 0.993124930503 0.2841521 0.00213103451539 0.4654741 102.1207 /T 77.7591 107.9/ 0.6589 n.a. n.a. 33.757438 54.475627 28.160507 2024-Oct-31 16:20 23 10 23.84 -51 07 04.3 227.606273 33.822446 n.a. n.a. 0.993126069294 0.2837173 0.00213290511541 0.4671892 102.2094 /T 77.6704 107.9/ 0.6450 n.a. n.a. 34.283842 54.823892 27.859494 2024-Oct-31 16:30 23 10 53.90 -51 03 46.5 227.184347 32.363294 n.a. n.a. 0.993127206336 0.2832804 0.00213478183991 0.4685272 102.2994 /T 77.5803 107.9/ 0.6312 n.a. n.a. 34.803480 55.190929 27.551457 2024-Oct-31 16:40 23 11 24.50 -51 00 27.6 226.721325 30.914253 n.a. n.a. 0.993128341622 0.2828415 0.00213666316748 0.4694838 102.3907 /T 77.4889 108.0/ 0.6178 n.a. n.a. 35.315761 55.575147 27.236617 2024-Oct-31 16:50 23 11 55.66 -50 57 07.8 226.218817 29.476365 n.a. n.a. 0.993129475144 0.2824005 0.00213854756128 0.4700556 102.4834 /T 77.3962 108.0/ 0.6045 n.a. n.a. 35.820115 55.975055 26.915174 2024-Oct-31 17:00 23 12 27.38 -50 53 47.3 225.678228 28.050659 n.a. n.a. 0.993130606893 0.2819576 0.00214043347169 0.4702396 102.5773 /T 77.3023 108.0/ 0.5916 n.a. n.a. 36.315993 56.389261 26.587316 2024-Oct-31 17:10 23 12 59.64 -50 50 26.3 225.100780 26.638154 n.a. n.a. 0.993131736862 0.2815126 0.00214231933901 0.4700338 102.6723 /T 77.2071 108.0/ 0.5789 n.a. n.a. 36.802858 56.816462 26.253217 2024-Oct-31 17:20 23 13 32.45 -50 47 05.1 224.487535 25.239864 n.a. n.a. 0.993132865041 0.2810655 0.00214420359608 0.4694366 102.7686 /T 77.1108 108.0/ 0.5665 n.a. n.a. 37.280191 57.255438 25.913040 2024-Oct-31 17:30 23 14 05.80 -50 43 43.7 223.839415 23.856805 n.a. n.a. 0.993133991424 0.2806165 0.00214608467096 0.4684470 102.8660 /T 77.0134 108.1/ 0.5543 n.a. n.a. 37.747487 57.705052 25.566941 2024-Oct-31 17:40 23 14 39.70 -50 40 22.3 223.157215 22.489993 n.a. n.a. 0.993135116002 0.2801655 0.00214796098964 0.4670651 102.9644 /T 76.9149 108.1/ 0.5424 n.a. n.a. 38.204257 58.164240 25.215069 2024-Oct-31 17:50 23 15 14.12 -50 37 01.3 222.441626 21.140451 n.a. n.a. 0.993136238766 0.2797124 0.00214983097868 0.4652911 103.0639 /T 76.8154 108.1/ 0.5308 n.a. n.a. 38.650022 58.632009 24.857566 2024-Oct-31 18:00 23 15 49.08 -50 33 40.6 221.693241 19.809209 n.a. n.a. 0.993137359710 0.2792574 0.00215169306786 0.4631263 103.1643 /T 76.7149 108.1/ 0.5194 n.a. n.a. 39.084319 59.107433 24.494569 2024-Oct-31 18:10 A 23 16 24.55 -50 30 20.5 220.912574 18.497309 n.a. n.a. 0.993138478825 0.2788004 0.00215354569290 0.4605725 103.2657 /T 76.6134 108.2/ 0.5083 n.a. n.a. 39.506695 59.589644 24.126213 2024-Oct-31 18:20 A 23 17 00.54 -50 27 01.3 220.100071 17.205802 n.a. n.a. 0.993139596102 0.2783413 0.00215538729800 0.4576320 103.3679 /T 76.5111 108.2/ 0.4975 n.a. n.a. 39.916712 60.077837 23.752629 2024-Oct-31 18:30 A 23 17 37.03 -50 23 42.9 219.256118 15.935757 n.a. n.a. 0.993140711535 0.2778803 0.00215721633851 0.4543081 103.4710 /T 76.4080 108.2/ 0.4869 n.a. n.a. 40.313941 60.571256 23.373945 2024-Oct-31 18:40 A 23 18 14.01 -50 20 25.7 218.381056 14.688253 n.a. n.a. 0.993141825115 0.2774174 0.00215903128347 0.4506044 103.5748 /T 76.3041 108.3/ 0.4766 n.a. n.a. 40.697968 61.069201 22.990288 2024-Oct-31 18:50 N 23 18 51.47 -50 17 09.8 217.475190 13.464389 n.a. n.a. 0.993142936833 0.2769524 0.00216083061824 0.4465253 103.6794 /T 76.1996 108.3/ 0.4666 n.a. n.a. 41.068388 61.571014 22.601782 2024-Oct-31 19:00 N 23 19 29.40 -50 13 55.3 216.538795 12.265277 n.a. n.a. 0.993144046684 0.2764855 0.00216261284695 0.4420758 103.7845 /T 76.0943 108.3/ 0.4568 n.a. n.a. 41.424811 62.076084 22.208553 2024-Oct-31 19:10 N 23 20 07.79 -50 10 42.5 215.572132 11.092046 n.a. n.a. 0.993145154657 0.2760166 0.00216437649504 0.4372616 103.8903 /T 75.9885 108.3/ 0.4473 n.a. n.a. 41.766856 62.583843 21.810722 2024-Oct-31 19:20 Cm 23 20 46.62 -50 07 31.3 214.575451 9.945840 n.a. n.a. 0.993146260746 0.2755458 0.00216612011164 0.4320888 103.9966 /T 75.8822 108.4/ 0.4380 n.a. n.a. 42.094157 63.093756 21.408414 2024-Oct-31 19:30 Cm 23 21 25.88 -50 04 22.1 213.549005 8.827821 n.a. n.a. 0.993147364943 0.2750730 0.00216784227207 0.4265642 104.1033 /T 75.7754 108.4/ 0.4290 n.a. n.a. 42.406357 63.605330 21.001750 >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< $$EOE *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** Column meaning: TIME Times PRIOR to 1962 are UT1, a mean-solar time closely related to the prior but now-deprecated GMT. Times AFTER 1962 are in UTC, the current civil or "wall-clock" time-scale. UTC is kept within 0.9 seconds of UT1 using integer leap-seconds for 1972 and later years. Conversion from the internal Barycentric Dynamical Time (TDB) of solar system dynamics to the non-uniform civil UT time-scale requested for output has not been determined for UTC times after the next July or January 1st. Therefore, the last known leap-second is used as a constant over future intervals. Time tags refer to the UT time-scale conversion from TDB on Earth regardless of observer location within the solar system, although clock rates may differ due to the local gravity field and no analog to "UT" may be defined for that location. Any 'b' symbol in the 1st-column denotes a B.C. date. First-column blank (" ") denotes an A.D. date. CALENDAR SYSTEM Mixed calendar mode was active such that calendar dates after AD 1582-Oct-15 (if any) are in the modern Gregorian system. Dates prior to 1582-Oct-5 (if any) are in the Julian calendar system, which is automatically extended for dates prior to its adoption on 45-Jan-1 BC. The Julian calendar is useful for matching historical dates. The Gregorian calendar more accurately corresponds to the Earth's orbital motion and seasons. A "Gregorian-only" calendar mode is available if such physical events are the primary interest. NOTE: "n.a." in output means quantity "not available" at the print-time. SOLAR PRESENCE (OBSERVING SITE) Time tag is followed by a blank, then a solar-presence condition code: '*' Daylight (refracted solar upper-limb on or above apparent horizon) 'C' Civil twilight/dawn 'N' Nautical twilight/dawn 'A' Astronomical twilight/dawn ' ' Night OR geocentric ephemeris LUNAR PRESENCE WITH TARGET RISE/TRANSIT/SET EVENT MARKER (OBSERVING SITE) The solar-presence code column is immediately followed by another marker: 'm' Refracted upper-limb of Moon on or above apparent horizon ' ' Refracted upper-limb of Moon below apparent horizon OR geocentric The lunar presence marker (an ongoing state) can be over-ridden by a target event marker if an event has occurred since the last output step: 'r' Rise (target body on or went above cut-off RTS elevation) 'e' Elevation max (target body maximum elevation angle has occurred) 't' Transit (target body at or passed through observer meridian) 's' Set (target body on or went below cut-off RTS elevation) RTS MARKERS (TVH) Rise and set are with respect to the reference ellipsoid true visual horizon defined by the elevation cut-off angle. Horizon dip and yellow-light refraction (Earth only) are considered. Accuracy is < or = to twice the requested search step-size. 'R.A._____(ICRF)_____DEC' = Astrometric right ascension and declination of the target center with respect to the observing site (coordinate origin) in the reference frame of the planetary ephemeris (ICRF). Compensated for down-leg light-time delay aberration. Units: RA in hours-minutes-seconds of time, HH MM SS.ff{ffff} DEC in degrees-minutes-seconds of arc, sDD MN SC.f{ffff} 'Azi____(a-app)___Elev' = Airless apparent azimuth and elevation of target center. Compensated for light-time, the gravitational deflection of light, stellar aberration, precession and nutation. Azimuth is measured clockwise from north: North(0) -> East(90) -> South(180) -> West(270) -> North (360) Elevation angle is with respect to a plane perpendicular to the reference surface local zenith direction. TOPOCENTRIC ONLY. Units: DEGREES 'APmag S-brt' = The targets' approximate apparent visual magnitude and surface brightness. For planets and natural satellites, output is restricted to solar phase angles covered by observational data. Outside the observed phase angle range, "n.a." may be output to avoid extrapolation beyond the limit of model validity. For Earth-based observers, the estimated dimming due to atmospheric absorption (extinction) is available as a separate, requestable quantity. Surface brightness is the average airless visual magnitude of a square-arcsecond of the illuminated portion of the apparent disk. It is computed only if the target radius is known. Units: MAGNITUDES & MAGNITUDES PER SQUARE ARCSECOND 'r rdot' = The Sun's apparent range ("r", light-time aberrated) and range-rate ("rdot") relative to the target center, as seen by the observer. A positive "rdot" means the target center was moving away from the Sun, negative means moving toward the Sun. Units: AU and KM/S 'delta deldot' = Apparent range ("delta", light-time aberrated) and range-rate ("delta-dot") of the target center relative to the observer. A positive "deldot" means the target center is moving away from the observer, negative indicates movement toward the observer. Units: AU and KM/S 'S-O-T /r' = Sun-Observer-Target apparent SOLAR ELONGATION ANGLE seen from the observers' location at print-time. The '/r' column provides a code indicating the targets' apparent position relative to the Sun in the observers' sky, as described below: Case A: For an observing location on the surface of a rotating body, that body rotational sense is considered: /T indicates target TRAILS Sun (evening sky: rises and sets AFTER Sun) /L indicates target LEADS Sun (morning sky: rises and sets BEFORE Sun) Case B: For an observing point that does not have a rotational model (such as a spacecraft), the "leading" and "trailing" condition is defined by the observers' heliocentric ORBITAL motion: * If continuing in the observers' current direction of heliocentric motion would encounter the targets' apparent longitude first, followed by the Sun's, the target LEADS the Sun as seen by the observer. * If the Sun's apparent longitude would be encountered first, followed by the targets', the target TRAILS the Sun. Two other codes can be output: /* indicates observer is Sun-centered (undefined) /? Target is aligned with Sun center (no lead or trail) The S-O-T solar elongation angle is numerically the minimum separation angle of the Sun and target in the sky in any direction. It does NOT indicate the amount of separation in the leading or trailing directions, which would be defined along the equator of a spherical coordinate system. Units: DEGREES 'S-T-O' = The Sun-Target-Observer angle; the interior vertex angle at target center formed by a vector from the target to the apparent center of the Sun (at reflection time on the target) and the apparent vector from target to the observer at print-time. Slightly different from true PHASE ANGLE (requestable separately) at the few arcsecond level in that it includes stellar aberration on the down-leg from target to observer. Units: DEGREES 'T-O-M/MN_Illu%' = Target-Observer-Moon LUNAR ELONGATION angle and illuminated percentage. The apparent lunar elongation angle between target body center and Moon center, seen from the observing site, along with fraction of the lunar disk illuminated by the Sun. A negative lunar elongation angle indicates the target center is behind the Moon. Units: DEGREES & PERCENT 'RA_3sigma DEC_3sigma' = Uncertainty in Right-Ascension and Declination. Output values are the formal +/- 3 standard-deviations (sigmas) around nominal position. Units: ARCSECONDS 'Sky_motion Sky_mot_PA RelVel-ANG' = Total apparent angular rate of the target in the plane-of-sky. "Sky_mot_PA" is the position angle of the target's direction of motion in the plane-of-sky, measured counter-clockwise from the apparent of-date north pole direction. "RelVel-ANG" is the flight path angle of the target's relative motion with respect to the observer's line-of-sight, in the range [-90,+90], where positive values indicate motion away from the observer, negative values are toward the observer: -90 = target is moving directly toward the observer 0 = target is moving at right angles to the observer's line-of-sight +90 = target is moving directly away from the observer UNITS: ARCSECONDS/MINUTE, DEGREES, DEGREES Computations by ... Solar System Dynamics Group, Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Pasadena, CA 91109 USA General site: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ Mailing list: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/email_list.html System news : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/news.html User Guide : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/manual.html Connect : browser https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/app.html#/x API https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/doc/horizons.html command-line telnet ssd.jpl.nasa.gov 6775 e-mail/batch https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/hrzn_batch.txt scripts https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/SCRIPTS Author : Jon.D.Giorgini@jpl.nasa.gov ***************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************