API VERSION: 1.2 API SOURCE: NASA/JPL Horizons API ****************************************************************************** Revised: Oct 28, 2024 Hera / (Sun) -91 https://www.dlr.de/en/ar/topics-missions/space-safety/hera https://esamultimedia.esa.int/docs/HERA_Launch_Kit.pdf Launch Date: Didymos Arrival Date: 2024-Oct-07 14:52 UTC Late 2026 Launch Vehicle: Launch Site: SpaceX Falcon 9 Cape Canaveral, SFS MILESTONES 2024-Nov : DSM-1 2025-Mar : Mars flyby (~6000 km from Mars, ~1000 km from Deimos) 2026-Feb : DSM-2 2026-Oct : Rendevous maneuver Late 2026 : Didymos/Dimorphos system arrival OBJECTIVES: Assess the size and depth of the crater on the 151-m diameter asteroidal moon Dimorphos, created by NASA's DART (Double Asteroid Redirection Test) spacecraft 2022-Sep-26, and determine whether the impact reshaped the rubble pile object that orbits 65803 Didymos at a distance of 1.1 km every 11h 22m, as preliminary results indicate. Once deployed, two CubeSats ("Milani" and "Juventas") will be used to assess Dimorphos' internal structure, surface minerals, as well as gravity. The data will help correctly reproduce the asteroid's final structure and inform future planetary defense missions. SPACECRAFT PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: 1.6 x 1.6 x 1.7 m box Two 5-m solar panel arms (deployed) 1801 kg fully fueled (hydrazine bipropellant) 3-axis stabilization 4 reaction wheels, gyroscopes, star trackers, solar sensors SCIENCE INSTRUMENTS Asteroid Framing Camera (AFC) Thermal Infrared Imager (TIRI) HyperScout-H camera Spacecraft Monitoring Camera (SMC) Laser Rangefinder X-band antenna radio science Gravimeter for the Investigation of Small Solar System Two deployable CubeSats (eventual landing) Juventas: Radar Juventas: Narrow Angle Camera Milani : Narrow Angle Camera Milani : Asteroid Spectral Imager Milani : Volatile In-Situ Thermogravimetre Analyser SPACECRAFT TRAJECTORY: Post-launch trajectory from ESA 2024-Oct-27, prediction thereafter Name Start (TDB) Stop (TDB) --------------------------------------- ----------------- ----------------- hera_fcp_000025_241007_261118_v01 2024-Oct-07 16:10 2026-Nov-18 01:59 ******************************************************************************* ******************************************************************************* Ephemeris / API_USER Mon Nov 4 03:33:24 2024 Pasadena, USA / Horizons ******************************************************************************* Target body name: Hera (spacecraft) (-91) {source: hera_fcp_000025_241007_2} Center body name: Earth (399) {source: DE441} Center-site name: VdS Remote Observatory, Hakos ******************************************************************************* Start time : A.D. 2024-Oct-31 00:00:00.0000 UT Stop time : A.D. 2024-Nov-01 00:00:00.0000 UT Step-size : 10 minutes ******************************************************************************* Target pole/equ : undefined Target radii : undefined Center geodetic : 16.3613, -23.2365766, 1.8515 {E-lon(deg),Lat(deg),Alt(km)} Center cylindric: 16.3613,5865.52307,-2501.54567 {E-lon(deg),Dxy(km),Dz(km)} Center pole/equ : ITRF93 {East-longitude positive} Center radii : 6378.137, 6378.137, 6356.752 km {Equator_a, b, pole_c} Target primary : Earth Vis. interferer : MOON (R_eq= 1737.400) km {source: DE441} Rel. light bend : Sun {source: DE441} Rel. lght bnd GM: 1.3271E+11 km^3/s^2 Atmos refraction: NO (AIRLESS) RA format : HMS Time format : CAL Calendar mode : Mixed Julian/Gregorian RTS-only print : NO EOP file : eop.241101.p250128 EOP coverage : DATA-BASED 1962-JAN-20 TO 2024-NOV-01. PREDICTS-> 2025-JAN-27 Units conversion: 1 au= 149597870.700 km, c= 299792.458 km/s, 1 day= 86400.0 s Table cut-offs 1: Elevation ( 0.0deg=YES),Airmass (>38.000=NO), Daylight (YES) Table cut-offs 2: Solar elongation ( 12.0,180.0=YES),Local Hour Angle( 0.0=NO ) Table cut-offs 3: RA/DEC angular rate ( 0.0=NO ) *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** Date__(UT)__HR:MN R.A._____(ICRF)_____DEC Azi____(a-app)___Elev APmag S-brt r rdot delta deldot S-O-T /r S-T-O T-O-M/MN_Illu% RA_3sigma DEC_3sigma Sky_motion Sky_mot_PA RelVel-ANG *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** $$SOE 2024-Oct-31 00:00 08 32 49.54 +33 43 20.2 52.547428 0.697938 n.a. n.a. 1.002716943710 2.5917061 0.07473108585043 4.9491509 95.4427 /L 80.3034 79.7/ 2.0498 n.a. n.a. 0.2607402 326.97272 87.275272 2024-Oct-31 00:10 08 32 49.41 +33 43 22.4 51.517804 2.514063 n.a. n.a. 1.002727340981 2.5930783 0.07475094274961 4.9539175 95.4501 /L 80.2950 79.9/ 2.0246 n.a. n.a. 0.2689249 323.01892 87.191831 2024-Oct-31 00:20 08 32 49.28 +33 43 24.5 50.441497 4.303877 n.a. n.a. 1.002737743755 2.5944504 0.07477082005194 4.9593246 95.4575 /L 80.2866 80.0/ 1.9998 n.a. n.a. 0.2777435 319.30310 87.102288 2024-Oct-31 00:30 08 32 49.12 +33 43 26.6 49.316862 6.065544 n.a. n.a. 1.002748152032 2.5958224 0.07479072030469 4.9653613 95.4649 /L 80.2781 80.1/ 1.9753 n.a. n.a. 0.2870729 315.81749 87.007968 2024-Oct-31 00:40 08 32 48.95 +33 43 28.6 48.142173 7.797109 n.a. n.a. 1.002758565811 2.5971943 0.07481064600941 4.9720158 95.4724 /L 80.2695 80.2/ 1.9512 n.a. n.a. 0.2967971 312.55041 86.910121 2024-Oct-31 00:50 08 32 48.77 +33 43 30.6 46.915640 9.496490 n.a. n.a. 1.002768985092 2.5985661 0.07483059961701 4.9792746 95.4800 /L 80.2610 80.3/ 1.9275 n.a. n.a. 0.3068084 309.48785 86.809906 2024-Oct-31 01:00 08 32 48.57 +33 43 32.5 45.635424 11.161475 n.a. n.a. 1.002779409875 2.5999379 0.07485058352317 4.9871236 95.4876 /L 80.2523 80.4/ 1.9041 n.a. n.a. 0.3170075 306.61456 86.708389 2024-Oct-31 01:10 08 32 48.36 +33 43 34.3 44.299661 12.789712 n.a. n.a. 1.002789840158 2.6013095 0.07487060006356 4.9955472 95.4952 /L 80.2437 80.5/ 1.8811 n.a. n.a. 0.3273035 303.91497 86.606539 2024-Oct-31 01:20 08 32 48.14 +33 43 36.1 42.906493 14.378708 n.a. n.a. 1.002800275943 2.6026811 0.07489065150961 5.0045287 95.5029 /L 80.2350 80.6/ 1.8585 n.a. n.a. 0.3376142 301.37374 86.505233 2024-Oct-31 01:30 08 32 47.90 +33 43 37.8 41.454095 15.925822 n.a. n.a. 1.002810717229 2.6040527 0.07491074006390 5.0140506 95.5106 /L 80.2262 80.7/ 1.8362 n.a. n.a. 0.3478644 298.97617 86.405263 2024-Oct-31 01:40 08 32 47.65 +33 43 39.5 39.940712 17.428267 n.a. n.a. 1.002821164014 2.6054241 0.07493086785611 5.0240941 95.5183 /L 80.2174 80.8/ 1.8144 n.a. n.a. 0.3579864 296.70841 86.307336 2024-Oct-31 01:50 08 32 47.39 +33 43 41.0 38.364708 18.883108 n.a. n.a. 1.002831616300 2.6067955 0.07495103693881 5.0346395 95.5261 /L 80.2086 80.9/ 1.7929 n.a. n.a. 0.3679189 294.55758 86.212086 2024-Oct-31 02:00 08 32 47.11 +33 43 42.5 36.724613 20.287267 n.a. n.a. 1.002842074085 2.6081667 0.07497124928363 5.0456661 95.5339 /L 80.1997 81.0/ 1.7719 n.a. n.a. 0.3776062 292.51178 86.120079 2024-Oct-31 02:10 08 32 46.83 +33 43 43.9 35.019178 21.637527 n.a. n.a. 1.002852537369 2.6095379 0.07499150677737 5.0571523 95.5417 /L 80.1909 81.1/ 1.7512 n.a. n.a. 0.3869981 290.56012 86.031815 2024-Oct-31 02:20 08 32 46.53 +33 43 45.2 33.247442 22.930546 n.a. n.a. 1.002863006152 2.6109091 0.07501181121843 5.0690756 95.5496 /L 80.1819 81.2/ 1.7310 n.a. n.a. 0.3960493 288.69263 85.947740 2024-Oct-31 02:30 08 32 46.23 +33 43 46.4 31.408795 24.162866 n.a. n.a. 1.002873480433 2.6122801 0.07503216431330 5.0814128 95.5575 /L 80.1730 81.3/ 1.7111 n.a. n.a. 0.4047187 286.90021 85.868245 2024-Oct-31 02:40 08 32 45.91 +33 43 47.5 29.503059 25.330941 n.a. n.a. 1.002883960213 2.6136510 0.07505256767344 5.0941396 95.5654 /L 80.1640 81.4/ 1.6917 n.a. n.a. 0.4129693 285.17456 85.793670 2024-Oct-31 02:50 A 08 32 45.59 +33 43 48.6 27.530555 26.431155 n.a. n.a. 1.002894445491 2.6150219 0.07507302281193 5.1072313 95.5733 /L 80.1550 81.4/ 1.6727 n.a. n.a. 0.4207679 283.50810 85.724314 2024-Oct-31 03:00 A 08 32 45.25 +33 43 49.5 25.492189 27.459861 n.a. n.a. 1.002904936266 2.6163927 0.07509353114072 5.1206622 95.5813 /L 80.1460 81.5/ 1.6540 n.a. n.a. 0.4280847 281.89391 85.660431 2024-Oct-31 03:10 A 08 32 44.92 +33 43 50.3 23.389514 28.413411 n.a. n.a. 1.002915432538 2.6177634 0.07511409396795 5.1344061 95.5892 /L 80.1370 81.6/ 1.6358 n.a. n.a. 0.4348930 280.32560 85.602239 2024-Oct-31 03:20 Nm 08 32 44.57 +33 43 51.0 21.224805 29.288207 n.a. n.a. 1.002925934307 2.6191341 0.07513471249531 5.1484362 95.5972 /L 80.1279 81.7/ 1.6180 n.a. n.a. 0.4411693 278.79731 85.549917 2024-Oct-31 03:30 Nm 08 32 44.22 +33 43 51.6 19.001111 30.080747 n.a. n.a. 1.002936441573 2.6205046 0.07515538781586 5.1627251 95.6052 /L 80.1189 81.8/ 1.6006 n.a. n.a. 0.4468928 277.30361 85.503614 2024-Oct-31 03:40 Nm 08 32 43.86 +33 43 52.1 16.722288 30.787683 n.a. n.a. 1.002946954335 2.6218751 0.07517612091184 5.1772450 95.6132 /L 80.1098 81.9/ 1.5835 n.a. n.a. 0.4520455 275.83945 85.463442 2024-Oct-31 03:50 Cm 08 32 43.50 +33 43 52.5 14.393022 31.405874 n.a. n.a. 1.002957472593 2.6232455 0.07519691265270 5.1919675 95.6212 /L 80.1007 82.0/ 1.5669 n.a. n.a. 0.4566121 274.40010 85.429488 2024-Oct-31 04:00 Cm 08 32 43.13 +33 43 52.8 12.018814 31.932450 n.a. n.a. 1.002967996346 2.6246158 0.07521776379369 5.2068640 95.6292 /L 80.0916 82.1/ 1.5507 n.a. n.a. 0.4605795 272.98112 85.401809 >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2024-Oct-31 23:50 r 08 32 48.59 +33 42 38.9 53.158361 -0.407979 n.a. n.a. 1.004259469587 2.7870950 0.07775418112110 4.9092345 96.4049 /L 79.1833 91.3/ 0.2768 n.a. n.a. 0.2613704 326.49812 87.135317 2024-Nov-01 00:00 08 32 48.47 +33 42 41.0 52.156091 1.423501 n.a. n.a. 1.004270650480 2.7884554 0.07777387715887 4.9136078 96.4123 /L 79.1749 91.4/ 0.2674 n.a. n.a. 0.2696917 322.72278 87.046153 $$EOE *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** Column meaning: TIME Times PRIOR to 1962 are UT1, a mean-solar time closely related to the prior but now-deprecated GMT. Times AFTER 1962 are in UTC, the current civil or "wall-clock" time-scale. UTC is kept within 0.9 seconds of UT1 using integer leap-seconds for 1972 and later years. Conversion from the internal Barycentric Dynamical Time (TDB) of solar system dynamics to the non-uniform civil UT time-scale requested for output has not been determined for UTC times after the next July or January 1st. Therefore, the last known leap-second is used as a constant over future intervals. Time tags refer to the UT time-scale conversion from TDB on Earth regardless of observer location within the solar system, although clock rates may differ due to the local gravity field and no analog to "UT" may be defined for that location. Any 'b' symbol in the 1st-column denotes a B.C. date. First-column blank (" ") denotes an A.D. date. CALENDAR SYSTEM Mixed calendar mode was active such that calendar dates after AD 1582-Oct-15 (if any) are in the modern Gregorian system. Dates prior to 1582-Oct-5 (if any) are in the Julian calendar system, which is automatically extended for dates prior to its adoption on 45-Jan-1 BC. The Julian calendar is useful for matching historical dates. The Gregorian calendar more accurately corresponds to the Earth's orbital motion and seasons. A "Gregorian-only" calendar mode is available if such physical events are the primary interest. NOTE: "n.a." in output means quantity "not available" at the print-time. SOLAR PRESENCE (OBSERVING SITE) Time tag is followed by a blank, then a solar-presence condition code: '*' Daylight (refracted solar upper-limb on or above apparent horizon) 'C' Civil twilight/dawn 'N' Nautical twilight/dawn 'A' Astronomical twilight/dawn ' ' Night OR geocentric ephemeris LUNAR PRESENCE WITH TARGET RISE/TRANSIT/SET EVENT MARKER (OBSERVING SITE) The solar-presence code column is immediately followed by another marker: 'm' Refracted upper-limb of Moon on or above apparent horizon ' ' Refracted upper-limb of Moon below apparent horizon OR geocentric The lunar presence marker (an ongoing state) can be over-ridden by a target event marker if an event has occurred since the last output step: 'r' Rise (target body on or went above cut-off RTS elevation) 'e' Elevation max (target body maximum elevation angle has occurred) 't' Transit (target body at or passed through observer meridian) 's' Set (target body on or went below cut-off RTS elevation) RTS MARKERS (TVH) Rise and set are with respect to the reference ellipsoid true visual horizon defined by the elevation cut-off angle. Horizon dip and yellow-light refraction (Earth only) are considered. Accuracy is < or = to twice the requested search step-size. 'R.A._____(ICRF)_____DEC' = Astrometric right ascension and declination of the target center with respect to the observing site (coordinate origin) in the reference frame of the planetary ephemeris (ICRF). Compensated for down-leg light-time delay aberration. Units: RA in hours-minutes-seconds of time, HH MM SS.ff{ffff} DEC in degrees-minutes-seconds of arc, sDD MN SC.f{ffff} 'Azi____(a-app)___Elev' = Airless apparent azimuth and elevation of target center. Compensated for light-time, the gravitational deflection of light, stellar aberration, precession and nutation. Azimuth is measured clockwise from north: North(0) -> East(90) -> South(180) -> West(270) -> North (360) Elevation angle is with respect to a plane perpendicular to the reference surface local zenith direction. TOPOCENTRIC ONLY. Units: DEGREES 'APmag S-brt' = The targets' approximate apparent visual magnitude and surface brightness. For planets and natural satellites, output is restricted to solar phase angles covered by observational data. Outside the observed phase angle range, "n.a." may be output to avoid extrapolation beyond the limit of model validity. For Earth-based observers, the estimated dimming due to atmospheric absorption (extinction) is available as a separate, requestable quantity. Surface brightness is the average airless visual magnitude of a square-arcsecond of the illuminated portion of the apparent disk. It is computed only if the target radius is known. Units: MAGNITUDES & MAGNITUDES PER SQUARE ARCSECOND 'r rdot' = The Sun's apparent range ("r", light-time aberrated) and range-rate ("rdot") relative to the target center, as seen by the observer. A positive "rdot" means the target center was moving away from the Sun, negative means moving toward the Sun. Units: AU and KM/S 'delta deldot' = Apparent range ("delta", light-time aberrated) and range-rate ("delta-dot") of the target center relative to the observer. A positive "deldot" means the target center is moving away from the observer, negative indicates movement toward the observer. Units: AU and KM/S 'S-O-T /r' = Sun-Observer-Target apparent SOLAR ELONGATION ANGLE seen from the observers' location at print-time. The '/r' column provides a code indicating the targets' apparent position relative to the Sun in the observers' sky, as described below: Case A: For an observing location on the surface of a rotating body, that body rotational sense is considered: /T indicates target TRAILS Sun (evening sky: rises and sets AFTER Sun) /L indicates target LEADS Sun (morning sky: rises and sets BEFORE Sun) Case B: For an observing point that does not have a rotational model (such as a spacecraft), the "leading" and "trailing" condition is defined by the observers' heliocentric ORBITAL motion: * If continuing in the observers' current direction of heliocentric motion would encounter the targets' apparent longitude first, followed by the Sun's, the target LEADS the Sun as seen by the observer. * If the Sun's apparent longitude would be encountered first, followed by the targets', the target TRAILS the Sun. Two other codes can be output: /* indicates observer is Sun-centered (undefined) /? Target is aligned with Sun center (no lead or trail) The S-O-T solar elongation angle is numerically the minimum separation angle of the Sun and target in the sky in any direction. It does NOT indicate the amount of separation in the leading or trailing directions, which would be defined along the equator of a spherical coordinate system. Units: DEGREES 'S-T-O' = The Sun-Target-Observer angle; the interior vertex angle at target center formed by a vector from the target to the apparent center of the Sun (at reflection time on the target) and the apparent vector from target to the observer at print-time. Slightly different from true PHASE ANGLE (requestable separately) at the few arcsecond level in that it includes stellar aberration on the down-leg from target to observer. Units: DEGREES 'T-O-M/MN_Illu%' = Target-Observer-Moon LUNAR ELONGATION angle and illuminated percentage. The apparent lunar elongation angle between target body center and Moon center, seen from the observing site, along with fraction of the lunar disk illuminated by the Sun. A negative lunar elongation angle indicates the target center is behind the Moon. Units: DEGREES & PERCENT 'RA_3sigma DEC_3sigma' = Uncertainty in Right-Ascension and Declination. Output values are the formal +/- 3 standard-deviations (sigmas) around nominal position. Units: ARCSECONDS 'Sky_motion Sky_mot_PA RelVel-ANG' = Total apparent angular rate of the target in the plane-of-sky. "Sky_mot_PA" is the position angle of the target's direction of motion in the plane-of-sky, measured counter-clockwise from the apparent of-date north pole direction. "RelVel-ANG" is the flight path angle of the target's relative motion with respect to the observer's line-of-sight, in the range [-90,+90], where positive values indicate motion away from the observer, negative values are toward the observer: -90 = target is moving directly toward the observer 0 = target is moving at right angles to the observer's line-of-sight +90 = target is moving directly away from the observer UNITS: ARCSECONDS/MINUTE, DEGREES, DEGREES Computations by ... Solar System Dynamics Group, Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Pasadena, CA 91109 USA General site: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ Mailing list: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/email_list.html System news : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/news.html User Guide : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/manual.html Connect : browser https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/app.html#/x API https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/doc/horizons.html command-line telnet ssd.jpl.nasa.gov 6775 e-mail/batch https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/hrzn_batch.txt scripts https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/SCRIPTS Author : Jon.D.Giorgini@jpl.nasa.gov ***************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************