API VERSION: 1.2 API SOURCE: NASA/JPL Horizons API ****************************************************************************** Revised: Oct 28, 2024 Hera / (Sun) -91 https://www.dlr.de/en/ar/topics-missions/space-safety/hera https://esamultimedia.esa.int/docs/HERA_Launch_Kit.pdf Launch Date: Didymos Arrival Date: 2024-Oct-07 14:52 UTC Late 2026 Launch Vehicle: Launch Site: SpaceX Falcon 9 Cape Canaveral, SFS MILESTONES 2024-Nov : DSM-1 2025-Mar : Mars flyby (~6000 km from Mars, ~1000 km from Deimos) 2026-Feb : DSM-2 2026-Oct : Rendevous maneuver Late 2026 : Didymos/Dimorphos system arrival OBJECTIVES: Assess the size and depth of the crater on the 151-m diameter asteroidal moon Dimorphos, created by NASA's DART (Double Asteroid Redirection Test) spacecraft 2022-Sep-26, and determine whether the impact reshaped the rubble pile object that orbits 65803 Didymos at a distance of 1.1 km every 11h 22m, as preliminary results indicate. Once deployed, two CubeSats ("Milani" and "Juventas") will be used to assess Dimorphos' internal structure, surface minerals, as well as gravity. The data will help correctly reproduce the asteroid's final structure and inform future planetary defense missions. SPACECRAFT PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: 1.6 x 1.6 x 1.7 m box Two 5-m solar panel arms (deployed) 1801 kg fully fueled (hydrazine bipropellant) 3-axis stabilization 4 reaction wheels, gyroscopes, star trackers, solar sensors SCIENCE INSTRUMENTS Asteroid Framing Camera (AFC) Thermal Infrared Imager (TIRI) HyperScout-H camera Spacecraft Monitoring Camera (SMC) Laser Rangefinder X-band antenna radio science Gravimeter for the Investigation of Small Solar System Two deployable CubeSats (eventual landing) Juventas: Radar Juventas: Narrow Angle Camera Milani : Narrow Angle Camera Milani : Asteroid Spectral Imager Milani : Volatile In-Situ Thermogravimetre Analyser SPACECRAFT TRAJECTORY: Post-launch trajectory from ESA 2024-Oct-27, prediction thereafter Name Start (TDB) Stop (TDB) --------------------------------------- ----------------- ----------------- hera_fcp_000025_241007_261118_v01 2024-Oct-07 16:10 2026-Nov-18 01:59 ******************************************************************************* ******************************************************************************* Ephemeris / API_USER Mon Nov 4 02:56:49 2024 Pasadena, USA / Horizons ******************************************************************************* Target body name: Hera (spacecraft) (-91) {source: hera_fcp_000025_241007_2} Center body name: Earth (399) {source: DE441} Center-site name: SATINO Remote Observatory, Haute Provence ******************************************************************************* Start time : A.D. 2024-Oct-31 00:00:00.0000 UT Stop time : A.D. 2024-Nov-01 00:00:00.0000 UT Step-size : 10 minutes ******************************************************************************* Target pole/equ : undefined Target radii : undefined Center geodetic : 5.7124, 43.9320269, .703985 {E-lon(deg),Lat(deg),Alt(km)} Center cylindric: 5.7124, 4601.22659, 4403.14405 {E-lon(deg),Dxy(km),Dz(km)} Center pole/equ : ITRF93 {East-longitude positive} Center radii : 6378.137, 6378.137, 6356.752 km {Equator_a, b, pole_c} Target primary : Earth Vis. interferer : MOON (R_eq= 1737.400) km {source: DE441} Rel. light bend : Sun {source: DE441} Rel. lght bnd GM: 1.3271E+11 km^3/s^2 Atmos refraction: NO (AIRLESS) RA format : HMS Time format : CAL Calendar mode : Mixed Julian/Gregorian RTS-only print : NO EOP file : eop.241101.p250128 EOP coverage : DATA-BASED 1962-JAN-20 TO 2024-NOV-01. PREDICTS-> 2025-JAN-27 Units conversion: 1 au= 149597870.700 km, c= 299792.458 km/s, 1 day= 86400.0 s Table cut-offs 1: Elevation ( 0.0deg=YES),Airmass (>38.000=NO), Daylight (YES) Table cut-offs 2: Solar elongation ( 12.0,180.0=YES),Local Hour Angle( 0.0=NO ) Table cut-offs 3: RA/DEC angular rate ( 0.0=NO ) *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** Date__(UT)__HR:MN R.A._____(ICRF)_____DEC Azi____(a-app)___Elev APmag S-brt r rdot delta deldot S-O-T /r S-T-O T-O-M/MN_Illu% RA_3sigma DEC_3sigma Sky_motion Sky_mot_PA RelVel-ANG *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** $$SOE 2024-Oct-31 00:00 08 32 48.04 +33 41 21.6 68.299224 27.139316 n.a. n.a. 1.002716943872 2.5917061 0.07471229948388 5.0112651 95.4413 /L 80.3059 80.2/ 2.0256 n.a. n.a. 0.1813114 346.12602 88.128510 2024-Oct-31 00:10 08 32 48.00 +33 41 23.4 69.694466 28.825069 n.a. n.a. 1.002727341141 2.5930783 0.07473239892541 5.0127439 95.4483 /L 80.2978 80.3/ 2.0016 n.a. n.a. 0.1845929 341.14101 88.094713 2024-Oct-31 00:20 08 32 47.95 +33 41 25.1 71.088291 30.526099 n.a. n.a. 1.002737743914 2.5944504 0.07475250535687 5.0147505 95.4554 /L 80.2897 80.4/ 1.9779 n.a. n.a. 0.1888109 336.35359 88.051465 2024-Oct-31 00:30 08 32 47.88 +33 41 26.8 72.483144 32.241395 n.a. n.a. 1.002748152189 2.5958224 0.07477262088632 5.0172804 95.4625 /L 80.2815 80.5/ 1.9544 n.a. n.a. 0.1938714 331.79352 87.999754 2024-Oct-31 00:40 08 32 47.80 +33 41 28.5 73.881672 33.969963 n.a. n.a. 1.002758565966 2.5971943 0.07479274760241 5.0203285 95.4697 /L 80.2733 80.6/ 1.9312 n.a. n.a. 0.1996716 327.47849 87.940657 2024-Oct-31 00:50 08 32 47.71 +33 41 30.2 75.286763 35.710820 n.a. n.a. 1.002768985246 2.5985661 0.07481288757062 5.0238883 95.4769 /L 80.2650 80.7/ 1.9082 n.a. n.a. 0.2061060 323.41555 87.875288 2024-Oct-31 01:00 08 32 47.60 +33 41 31.8 76.701583 37.462984 n.a. n.a. 1.002779410027 2.5999379 0.07483304282908 5.0279526 95.4841 /L 80.2567 80.8/ 1.8856 n.a. n.a. 0.2130696 319.60312 87.804754 2024-Oct-31 01:10 08 32 47.48 +33 41 33.4 78.129630 39.225475 n.a. n.a. 1.002789840309 2.6013096 0.07485321538479 5.0325132 95.4914 /L 80.2484 80.9/ 1.8632 n.a. n.a. 0.2204616 316.03322 87.730118 2024-Oct-31 01:20 08 32 47.36 +33 41 35.0 79.574802 40.997298 n.a. n.a. 1.002800276093 2.6026812 0.07487340720967 5.0375609 95.4988 /L 80.2400 81.0/ 1.8411 n.a. n.a. 0.2281868 312.69349 87.652386 2024-Oct-31 01:30 08 32 47.22 +33 41 36.5 81.041470 42.777443 n.a. n.a. 1.002810717377 2.6040527 0.07489362023690 5.0430854 95.5061 /L 80.2316 81.1/ 1.8193 n.a. n.a. 0.2361571 309.56893 87.572487 2024-Oct-31 01:40 08 32 47.06 +33 41 38.0 82.534574 44.564868 n.a. n.a. 1.002821164162 2.6054241 0.07491385635711 5.0490758 95.5135 /L 80.2232 81.2/ 1.7979 n.a. n.a. 0.2442914 306.64317 87.491276 2024-Oct-31 01:50 08 32 46.90 +33 41 39.4 84.059747 46.358488 n.a. n.a. 1.002831616447 2.6067955 0.07493411741485 5.0555201 95.5209 /L 80.2147 81.3/ 1.7767 n.a. n.a. 0.2525160 303.89950 87.409529 2024-Oct-31 02:00 08 32 46.73 +33 41 40.8 85.623461 48.157158 n.a. n.a. 1.002842074231 2.6081668 0.07495440520497 5.0624054 95.5284 /L 80.2062 81.4/ 1.7559 n.a. n.a. 0.2607640 301.32151 87.327948 2024-Oct-31 02:10 08 32 46.54 +33 41 42.1 87.233216 49.959655 n.a. n.a. 1.002852537515 2.6095380 0.07497472146917 5.0697182 95.5359 /L 80.1976 81.4/ 1.7354 n.a. n.a. 0.2689746 298.89347 87.247166 2024-Oct-31 02:20 08 32 46.35 +33 41 43.4 88.897776 51.764651 n.a. n.a. 1.002863006298 2.6109091 0.07499506789271 5.0774439 95.5434 /L 80.1891 81.5/ 1.7152 n.a. n.a. 0.2770934 296.60064 87.167749 2024-Oct-31 02:30 08 32 46.15 +33 41 44.6 90.627474 53.570680 n.a. n.a. 1.002873480579 2.6122801 0.07501544610123 5.0855672 95.5509 /L 80.1805 81.6/ 1.6953 n.a. n.a. 0.2850708 294.42936 87.090205 2024-Oct-31 02:40 08 32 45.93 +33 41 45.7 92.434599 55.376099 n.a. n.a. 1.002883960359 2.6136511 0.07503585765748 5.0940722 95.5585 /L 80.1718 81.7/ 1.6758 n.a. n.a. 0.2928622 292.36704 87.014989 2024-Oct-31 02:50 08 32 45.71 +33 41 46.8 94.333901 57.179034 n.a. n.a. 1.002894445637 2.6150219 0.07505630405844 5.1029420 95.5661 /L 80.1632 81.8/ 1.6566 n.a. n.a. 0.3004274 290.40221 86.942506 2024-Oct-31 03:00 08 32 45.48 +33 41 47.8 96.343248 58.977305 n.a. n.a. 1.002904936412 2.6163927 0.07507678673231 5.1121591 95.5737 /L 80.1545 81.9/ 1.6377 n.a. n.a. 0.3077301 288.52441 86.873115 2024-Oct-31 03:10 08 32 45.24 +33 41 48.8 98.484491 60.768334 n.a. n.a. 1.002915432685 2.6177634 0.07509730703600 5.1217055 95.5813 /L 80.1458 82.0/ 1.6192 n.a. n.a. 0.3147376 286.72412 86.807136 2024-Oct-31 03:20 08 32 45.00 +33 41 49.6 100.784600 62.549014 n.a. n.a. 1.002925934455 2.6191341 0.07511786625232 5.1315623 95.5890 /L 80.1371 82.1/ 1.6010 n.a. n.a. 0.3214202 284.99268 86.744849 2024-Oct-31 03:30 08 32 44.75 +33 41 50.4 103.277183 64.315531 n.a. n.a. 1.002936441721 2.6205046 0.07513846558760 5.1417102 95.5966 /L 80.1284 82.2/ 1.5831 n.a. n.a. 0.3277515 283.32224 86.686502 2024-Oct-31 03:40 08 32 44.49 +33 41 51.1 106.004486 66.063113 n.a. n.a. 1.002946954484 2.6218751 0.07515910616935 5.1521292 95.6043 /L 80.1196 82.3/ 1.5656 n.a. n.a. 0.3337076 281.70560 86.632308 2024-Oct-31 03:50 08 32 44.22 +33 41 51.7 109.020043 67.785687 n.a. n.a. 1.002957472743 2.6232455 0.07517978904407 5.1627989 95.6120 /L 80.1108 82.4/ 1.5484 n.a. n.a. 0.3392673 280.13620 86.582455 2024-Oct-31 04:00 08 32 43.95 +33 41 52.3 112.392100 69.475384 n.a. n.a. 1.002967996497 2.6246158 0.07520051517532 5.1736984 95.6197 /L 80.1020 82.5/ 1.5315 n.a. n.a. 0.3444117 278.60800 86.537097 2024-Oct-31 04:10 08 32 43.68 +33 41 52.8 116.207881 71.121837 n.a. n.a. 1.002978525747 2.6259860 0.07522128544182 5.1848062 95.6274 /L 80.0932 82.5/ 1.5150 n.a. n.a. 0.3491243 277.11544 86.496368 2024-Oct-31 04:20 08 32 43.40 +33 41 53.1 120.578458 72.711197 n.a. n.a. 1.002989060492 2.6273562 0.07524210063569 5.1961007 95.6352 /L 80.0844 82.6/ 1.4988 n.a. n.a. 0.3533907 275.65336 86.460375 2024-Oct-31 04:30 08 32 43.11 +33 41 53.4 125.643116 74.224763 n.a. n.a. 1.002999600731 2.6287262 0.07526296146112 5.2075597 95.6429 /L 80.0756 82.7/ 1.4829 n.a. n.a. 0.3571983 274.21696 86.429200 2024-Oct-31 04:40 A 08 32 42.83 +33 41 53.6 131.570198 75.637192 n.a. n.a. 1.003010146465 2.6300962 0.07528386853276 5.2191607 95.6506 /L 80.0668 82.8/ 1.4674 n.a. n.a. 0.3605370 272.80170 86.402906 2024-Oct-31 04:50 A 08 32 42.54 +33 41 53.8 138.547365 76.914429 n.a. n.a. 1.003020697692 2.6314661 0.07530482237476 5.2308810 95.6583 /L 80.0580 82.9/ 1.4521 n.a. n.a. 0.3633981 271.40333 86.381534 2024-Oct-31 05:00 A 08 32 42.24 +33 41 53.8 146.748134 78.012053 n.a. n.a. 1.003031254414 2.6328360 0.07532582341969 5.2426977 95.6661 /L 80.0492 83.0/ 1.4372 n.a. n.a. 0.3657751 270.01779 86.365105 2024-Oct-31 05:10 Nm 08 32 41.95 +33 41 53.8 156.258042 78.875817 n.a. n.a. 1.003041816629 2.6342057 0.07534687200760 5.2545876 95.6738 /L 80.0403 83.1/ 1.4227 n.a. n.a. 0.3676632 268.64118 86.353622 2024-Oct-31 05:20 Nm 08 32 41.66 +33 41 53.6 166.960238 79.447409 n.a. n.a. 1.003052384337 2.6355754 0.07536796838558 5.2665274 95.6815 /L 80.0315 83.1/ 1.4084 n.a. n.a. 0.3690595 267.26973 86.347068 2024-Oct-31 05:30 Nm 08 32 41.36 +33 41 53.4 178.438437 79.677719 n.a. n.a. 1.003062957537 2.6369449 0.07538911270703 5.2784939 95.6893 /L 80.0227 83.2/ 1.3944 n.a. n.a. 0.3699628 265.89975 86.345408 2024-Oct-31 05:40 Nt 08 32 41.06 +33 41 53.1 190.016225 79.543992 n.a. n.a. 1.003073536230 2.6383144 0.07541030503166 5.2904635 95.6970 /L 80.0139 83.3/ 1.3808 n.a. n.a. 0.3703737 264.52765 86.348592 2024-Oct-31 05:50 Cm 08 32 40.77 +33 41 52.7 200.979905 79.059666 n.a. n.a. 1.003084120415 2.6396839 0.07543154532510 5.3024128 95.7047 /L 80.0051 83.4/ 1.3674 n.a. n.a. 0.3702946 263.14983 86.356551 2024-Oct-31 06:00 Cm 08 32 40.48 +33 41 52.2 210.831485 78.268418 n.a. n.a. 1.003094710091 2.6410532 0.07545283345914 5.3143184 95.7124 /L 79.9963 83.4/ 1.3544 n.a. n.a. 0.3697297 261.76270 86.369201 >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2024-Oct-31 20:50 08 32 45.87 +33 40 15.8 39.845766 0.021841 n.a. n.a. 1.004059147073 2.7625943 0.07737477863208 5.0412517 96.2841 /L 79.3237 89.8/ 0.4768 n.a. n.a. 0.2513440 58.450882 87.330149 2024-Oct-31 21:00 08 32 46.04 +33 40 17.1 41.569896 1.199276 n.a. n.a. 1.004070229699 2.7639561 0.07739497963493 5.0333866 96.2904 /L 79.3164 89.9/ 0.4657 n.a. n.a. 0.2437199 55.832911 87.406307 2024-Oct-31 21:10 08 32 46.19 +33 40 18.5 43.266556 2.417048 n.a. n.a. 1.004081317787 2.7653179 0.07741514994526 5.0259472 96.2968 /L 79.3090 90.0/ 0.4548 n.a. n.a. 0.2361291 53.052366 87.482614 2024-Oct-31 21:20 08 32 46.34 +33 40 20.0 44.936339 3.673457 n.a. n.a. 1.004092411338 2.7666796 0.07743529129835 5.0189473 96.3031 /L 79.3016 90.1/ 0.4439 n.a. n.a. 0.2286362 50.094101 87.558368 2024-Oct-31 21:30 08 32 46.47 +33 40 21.5 46.579959 4.966838 n.a. n.a. 1.004103510349 2.7680413 0.07745540548294 5.0123999 96.3096 /L 79.2942 90.2/ 0.4331 n.a. n.a. 0.2213121 46.943021 87.632795 2024-Oct-31 21:40 08 32 46.60 +33 40 23.0 48.198236 6.295561 n.a. n.a. 1.004114614822 2.7694028 0.07747549433780 5.0063169 96.3160 /L 79.2867 90.3/ 0.4224 n.a. n.a. 0.2142341 43.584775 87.705045 2024-Oct-31 21:50 08 32 46.71 +33 40 24.6 49.792093 7.658037 n.a. n.a. 1.004125724755 2.7707642 0.07749555974824 5.0007096 96.3225 /L 79.2791 90.4/ 0.4118 n.a. n.a. 0.2074857 40.006728 87.774197 2024-Oct-31 22:00 08 32 46.81 +33 40 26.2 51.362541 9.052719 n.a. n.a. 1.004136840149 2.7721256 0.07751560364253 4.9955881 96.3291 /L 79.2715 90.5/ 0.4014 n.a. n.a. 0.2011562 36.199242 87.839263 2024-Oct-31 22:10 08 32 46.90 +33 40 27.8 52.910680 10.478100 n.a. n.a. 1.004147961003 2.7734869 0.07753562798818 4.9909618 96.3356 /L 79.2639 90.6/ 0.3910 n.a. n.a. 0.1953393 32.157257 87.899203 2024-Oct-31 22:20 08 32 46.98 +33 40 29.5 54.437688 11.932723 n.a. n.a. 1.004159087316 2.7748481 0.07755563478818 4.9868391 96.3423 /L 79.2563 90.7/ 0.3808 n.a. n.a. 0.1901312 27.882101 87.952949 2024-Oct-31 22:30 08 32 47.04 +33 40 31.2 55.944820 13.415172 n.a. n.a. 1.004170219089 2.7762092 0.07757562607720 4.9832273 96.3489 /L 79.2486 90.8/ 0.3707 n.a. n.a. 0.1856279 23.383336 87.999432 2024-Oct-31 22:40 08 32 47.09 +33 40 32.9 57.433407 14.924075 n.a. n.a. 1.004181356321 2.7775702 0.07759560391762 4.9801330 96.3557 /L 79.2408 90.9/ 0.3608 n.a. n.a. 0.1819210 18.680348 88.037629 2024-Oct-31 22:50 08 32 47.13 +33 40 34.6 58.904851 16.458106 n.a. n.a. 1.004192499011 2.7789312 0.07761557039577 4.9775616 96.3624 /L 79.2330 91.0/ 0.3510 n.a. n.a. 0.1790931 13.803276 88.066616 2024-Oct-31 23:00 08 32 47.16 +33 40 36.4 60.360628 18.015982 n.a. n.a. 1.004203647160 2.7802920 0.07763552761766 4.9755174 96.3692 /L 79.2252 91.1/ 0.3414 n.a. n.a. 0.1772130 8.7928611 88.085620 2024-Oct-31 23:10 08 32 47.18 +33 40 38.1 61.802290 19.596460 n.a. n.a. 1.004214800766 2.7816528 0.07765547770529 4.9740040 96.3761 /L 79.2173 91.2/ 0.3320 n.a. n.a. 0.1763306 3.6989121 88.094077 2024-Oct-31 23:20 08 32 47.18 +33 40 39.9 63.231472 21.198336 n.a. n.a. 1.004225959830 2.7830135 0.07767542279229 4.9730238 96.3830 /L 79.2094 91.3/ 0.3227 n.a. n.a. 0.1764729 358.57738 88.091674 2024-Oct-31 23:30 08 32 47.17 +33 40 41.7 64.649892 22.820444 n.a. n.a. 1.004237124351 2.7843741 0.07769536502000 4.9725782 96.3899 /L 79.2014 91.4/ 0.3135 n.a. n.a. 0.1776421 353.48635 88.078375 2024-Oct-31 23:40 08 32 47.15 +33 40 43.4 66.059367 24.461656 n.a. n.a. 1.004248294329 2.7857346 0.07771530653329 4.9726675 96.3969 /L 79.1934 91.5/ 0.3046 n.a. n.a. 0.1798154 348.48169 88.054420 2024-Oct-31 23:50 08 32 47.11 +33 40 45.2 67.461817 26.120871 n.a. n.a. 1.004259469763 2.7870950 0.07773524947657 4.9732911 96.4039 /L 79.1854 91.6/ 0.2958 n.a. n.a. 0.1829470 343.61308 88.020304 2024-Nov-01 00:00 08 32 47.06 +33 40 46.9 68.859285 27.797022 n.a. n.a. 1.004270650654 2.7884554 0.07775519598955 4.9744474 96.4110 /L 79.1773 91.7/ 0.2872 n.a. n.a. 0.1869718 338.92107 87.976738 $$EOE *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** Column meaning: TIME Times PRIOR to 1962 are UT1, a mean-solar time closely related to the prior but now-deprecated GMT. Times AFTER 1962 are in UTC, the current civil or "wall-clock" time-scale. UTC is kept within 0.9 seconds of UT1 using integer leap-seconds for 1972 and later years. Conversion from the internal Barycentric Dynamical Time (TDB) of solar system dynamics to the non-uniform civil UT time-scale requested for output has not been determined for UTC times after the next July or January 1st. Therefore, the last known leap-second is used as a constant over future intervals. Time tags refer to the UT time-scale conversion from TDB on Earth regardless of observer location within the solar system, although clock rates may differ due to the local gravity field and no analog to "UT" may be defined for that location. Any 'b' symbol in the 1st-column denotes a B.C. date. First-column blank (" ") denotes an A.D. date. CALENDAR SYSTEM Mixed calendar mode was active such that calendar dates after AD 1582-Oct-15 (if any) are in the modern Gregorian system. Dates prior to 1582-Oct-5 (if any) are in the Julian calendar system, which is automatically extended for dates prior to its adoption on 45-Jan-1 BC. The Julian calendar is useful for matching historical dates. The Gregorian calendar more accurately corresponds to the Earth's orbital motion and seasons. A "Gregorian-only" calendar mode is available if such physical events are the primary interest. NOTE: "n.a." in output means quantity "not available" at the print-time. SOLAR PRESENCE (OBSERVING SITE) Time tag is followed by a blank, then a solar-presence condition code: '*' Daylight (refracted solar upper-limb on or above apparent horizon) 'C' Civil twilight/dawn 'N' Nautical twilight/dawn 'A' Astronomical twilight/dawn ' ' Night OR geocentric ephemeris LUNAR PRESENCE WITH TARGET RISE/TRANSIT/SET EVENT MARKER (OBSERVING SITE) The solar-presence code column is immediately followed by another marker: 'm' Refracted upper-limb of Moon on or above apparent horizon ' ' Refracted upper-limb of Moon below apparent horizon OR geocentric The lunar presence marker (an ongoing state) can be over-ridden by a target event marker if an event has occurred since the last output step: 'r' Rise (target body on or went above cut-off RTS elevation) 'e' Elevation max (target body maximum elevation angle has occurred) 't' Transit (target body at or passed through observer meridian) 's' Set (target body on or went below cut-off RTS elevation) RTS MARKERS (TVH) Rise and set are with respect to the reference ellipsoid true visual horizon defined by the elevation cut-off angle. Horizon dip and yellow-light refraction (Earth only) are considered. Accuracy is < or = to twice the requested search step-size. 'R.A._____(ICRF)_____DEC' = Astrometric right ascension and declination of the target center with respect to the observing site (coordinate origin) in the reference frame of the planetary ephemeris (ICRF). Compensated for down-leg light-time delay aberration. Units: RA in hours-minutes-seconds of time, HH MM SS.ff{ffff} DEC in degrees-minutes-seconds of arc, sDD MN SC.f{ffff} 'Azi____(a-app)___Elev' = Airless apparent azimuth and elevation of target center. Compensated for light-time, the gravitational deflection of light, stellar aberration, precession and nutation. Azimuth is measured clockwise from north: North(0) -> East(90) -> South(180) -> West(270) -> North (360) Elevation angle is with respect to a plane perpendicular to the reference surface local zenith direction. TOPOCENTRIC ONLY. Units: DEGREES 'APmag S-brt' = The targets' approximate apparent visual magnitude and surface brightness. For planets and natural satellites, output is restricted to solar phase angles covered by observational data. Outside the observed phase angle range, "n.a." may be output to avoid extrapolation beyond the limit of model validity. For Earth-based observers, the estimated dimming due to atmospheric absorption (extinction) is available as a separate, requestable quantity. Surface brightness is the average airless visual magnitude of a square-arcsecond of the illuminated portion of the apparent disk. It is computed only if the target radius is known. Units: MAGNITUDES & MAGNITUDES PER SQUARE ARCSECOND 'r rdot' = The Sun's apparent range ("r", light-time aberrated) and range-rate ("rdot") relative to the target center, as seen by the observer. A positive "rdot" means the target center was moving away from the Sun, negative means moving toward the Sun. Units: AU and KM/S 'delta deldot' = Apparent range ("delta", light-time aberrated) and range-rate ("delta-dot") of the target center relative to the observer. A positive "deldot" means the target center is moving away from the observer, negative indicates movement toward the observer. Units: AU and KM/S 'S-O-T /r' = Sun-Observer-Target apparent SOLAR ELONGATION ANGLE seen from the observers' location at print-time. The '/r' column provides a code indicating the targets' apparent position relative to the Sun in the observers' sky, as described below: Case A: For an observing location on the surface of a rotating body, that body rotational sense is considered: /T indicates target TRAILS Sun (evening sky: rises and sets AFTER Sun) /L indicates target LEADS Sun (morning sky: rises and sets BEFORE Sun) Case B: For an observing point that does not have a rotational model (such as a spacecraft), the "leading" and "trailing" condition is defined by the observers' heliocentric ORBITAL motion: * If continuing in the observers' current direction of heliocentric motion would encounter the targets' apparent longitude first, followed by the Sun's, the target LEADS the Sun as seen by the observer. * If the Sun's apparent longitude would be encountered first, followed by the targets', the target TRAILS the Sun. Two other codes can be output: /* indicates observer is Sun-centered (undefined) /? Target is aligned with Sun center (no lead or trail) The S-O-T solar elongation angle is numerically the minimum separation angle of the Sun and target in the sky in any direction. It does NOT indicate the amount of separation in the leading or trailing directions, which would be defined along the equator of a spherical coordinate system. Units: DEGREES 'S-T-O' = The Sun-Target-Observer angle; the interior vertex angle at target center formed by a vector from the target to the apparent center of the Sun (at reflection time on the target) and the apparent vector from target to the observer at print-time. Slightly different from true PHASE ANGLE (requestable separately) at the few arcsecond level in that it includes stellar aberration on the down-leg from target to observer. Units: DEGREES 'T-O-M/MN_Illu%' = Target-Observer-Moon LUNAR ELONGATION angle and illuminated percentage. The apparent lunar elongation angle between target body center and Moon center, seen from the observing site, along with fraction of the lunar disk illuminated by the Sun. A negative lunar elongation angle indicates the target center is behind the Moon. Units: DEGREES & PERCENT 'RA_3sigma DEC_3sigma' = Uncertainty in Right-Ascension and Declination. Output values are the formal +/- 3 standard-deviations (sigmas) around nominal position. Units: ARCSECONDS 'Sky_motion Sky_mot_PA RelVel-ANG' = Total apparent angular rate of the target in the plane-of-sky. "Sky_mot_PA" is the position angle of the target's direction of motion in the plane-of-sky, measured counter-clockwise from the apparent of-date north pole direction. "RelVel-ANG" is the flight path angle of the target's relative motion with respect to the observer's line-of-sight, in the range [-90,+90], where positive values indicate motion away from the observer, negative values are toward the observer: -90 = target is moving directly toward the observer 0 = target is moving at right angles to the observer's line-of-sight +90 = target is moving directly away from the observer UNITS: ARCSECONDS/MINUTE, DEGREES, DEGREES Computations by ... Solar System Dynamics Group, Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Pasadena, CA 91109 USA General site: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ Mailing list: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/email_list.html System news : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/news.html User Guide : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/manual.html Connect : browser https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/app.html#/x API https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/doc/horizons.html command-line telnet ssd.jpl.nasa.gov 6775 e-mail/batch https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/hrzn_batch.txt scripts https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/SCRIPTS Author : Jon.D.Giorgini@jpl.nasa.gov ***************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************