API VERSION: 1.2 API SOURCE: NASA/JPL Horizons API ******************************************************************************* Revised: May 04, 2026 Wind Spacecraft / (Earth) -8 https://wind.nasa.gov/ https://hpde.io/SMWG/Observatory/Wind https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2019/25-years-of-science-in-the-solar-wind BACKGROUND: The primary science objectives of the Wind mission are: - Provide plasma, energetic particle, and magnetic field data for magnetospheric and ionospheric studies - Investigate plasma processes occurring in the near-Earth solar wind - Provide baseline, 1 AU, ecliptic plane observations for inner and outer heliospheric missions Wind is a spin-stabilized spacecraft launched on a Delta II 7925-10 rocket 1994-Nov-1 @ 09:31 UTC from pad 17B at Cape Canaveral, FL. The spacecraft has visited many regions of the near-Earth space environment. For the first nine months of operation, Wind was placed in a double-lunar swingby orbit near the ecliptic plane, with apogee from 80 to 250 Earth radii and perigee of between 5 and 10 Earth radii. In this orbit, lunar gravity assists were used to keep its apogee over the day hemisphere of the Earth, and magnetospheric observations were made through several orbit passages. Wind was then temporarily inserted into a small amplitude "halo" orbit, about the sunward Sun-Earth gravitational equilibrium point (SEMB-L1), varying from 235 to 265 Earth radii (Re). In 2001 and 2002, Wind had a distant prograde orbit that took it +/- 300 Re leading and lagging Earth. This orbit provided a wide baseline to study solar wind structures and correlations. In 2003 (Nov 2003 to Feb 2004), Wind reached the L2 Lagrange point 240 Re anti-sunward from Earth providing a 500 Re spatial separation from ACE solar wind observations along with measurements of the distant Earth magnetotail. In late June of 2004, Wind used its last lunar gravity assist to insert into a L1 Lissajous orbit to observe the unperturbed solar wind prior to it impacting the magnetosphere of Earth, providing an approx. one-hour warning of changes in the solar wind. On June 26, 2020, Wind completed the first halo orbit insertion maneuver. A second was completed on August 31, 2020, a third on November 9, 2020. The maneuvers were necessary to prevent Wind from entering the solar exclusion zone around the solar disk, where solar radio emissions can interfere with spacecraft communications. The halo orbit is an ellipse tilted with respect to the ecliptic plane, while Lissajous has an out-of-plane (z) component oscillation decoupled from in-plane components. Wind currently has enough fuel to continue its mission at L1 into the 2070s. SPACECRAFT PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS: Bus size : 2.4 x 1.8 m cylinder Power : 370 Watts (body mounted solar panels) Launch mass: 1250 kg Dry mass : 950 kg Extension : Long wire spin-plane antennas, inertial booms, and spin-plane appendages to support sensors. Experiment booms deployed along both Z axes. Spin rate : 20 rpm (~3 s period) w/axis < 1 degree from normal to ecliptic (spacecraft +Z spin axis aligned with south ecliptic pole) SCIENCE INSTRUMENTS 1. Magnetic Field Investigation (MFI) 2. Solar Wind Experiment (SWE) Faraday Cup - Ion Data Electron Data 3. 3D Plasma Analyzer 4. SMS Suprathermal Particle Data 5. EPACT High Energy Particle Data 6. WAVES Radio and Plasma Waves Data 7. KONUS and TGRS Data (gamma ray) SPACECRAFT TRAJECTORY: This trajectory is a concatenation of weekly prediction provided by GSFC. Based on tracking data through 2026-Apr-27, prediction thereafter. Trajectory name Start Stop ---------------------------- ----------- ----------- Wind_merged 1994-Nov-01 2026-Jul-21 ******************************************************************************* ******************************************************************************* Ephemeris / API_USER Tue May 19 06:52:54 2026 Pasadena, USA / Horizons ******************************************************************************* Target body name: Wind (spacecraft) (-8) {source: Wind_merged} Center body name: Earth (399) {source: DE441} Center-site name: Swan Reach Imaging, Glenalta ******************************************************************************* Start time : A.D. 2025-Jul-06 00:00:00.0000 UT Stop time : A.D. 2025-Jul-20 00:00:00.0000 UT Step-size : 10 minutes ******************************************************************************* Target pole/equ : undefined Target radii : undefined Center geodetic : 139.5701, -34.5440227, .056888 {E-lon(deg),Lat(deg),Alt(km)} Center cylindric: 139.5701,5259.32258,-3596.34777 {E-lon(deg),Dxy(km),Dz(km)} Center pole/equ : ITRF93 {East-longitude positive} Center radii : 6378.137, 6378.137, 6356.752 km {Equator_a, b, pole_c} Target primary : Earth Vis. interferer : MOON (R_eq= 1737.400) km {source: DE441} Rel. light bend : Sun {source: DE441} Rel. lght bnd GM: 1.3271E+11 km^3/s^2 Atmos refraction: NO (AIRLESS) RA format : HMS Time format : CAL Calendar mode : Mixed Julian/Gregorian RTS-only print : NO EOP file : eop.260518.p260814 EOP coverage : DATA-BASED 1962-JAN-20 TO 2026-MAY-18. PREDICTS-> 2026-AUG-13 Units conversion: 1 au= 149597870.700 km, c= 299792.458 km/s, 1 day= 86400.0 s Table cut-offs 1: Elevation ( 0.0deg=YES),Airmass (>38.000=NO), Daylight (YES) Table cut-offs 2: Solar elongation ( 12.0,180.0=YES),Local Hour Angle( 0.0=NO ) Table cut-offs 3: RA/DEC angular rate ( 0.0=NO ) *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** Date__(UT)__HR:MN R.A._____(ICRF)_____DEC Azi____(a-app)___Elev APmag S-brt r rdot delta deldot S-O-T /r S-T-O T-O-M/MN_Illu% RA_3sigma DEC_3sigma Sky_motion Sky_mot_PA RelVel-ANG *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** $$SOE >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Solar Elongation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-10 21:20 Nm 06 28 39.88 +25 58 21.5 57.054167 1.030012 n.a. n.a. 1.005568949013 0.0142114 0.01124204134052 -0.3331738 12.3591 /L 167.5038 168.2/ 99.8899 n.a. n.a. 1.0883226 339.91005 -66.06343 2025-Jul-10 21:30 Cm 06 28 39.56 +25 58 31.7 55.591855 2.747448 n.a. n.a. 1.005569005940 0.0141755 0.01124071639775 -0.3274332 12.3675 /L 167.4954 168.1/ 99.8913 n.a. n.a. 1.1142963 334.02911 -65.18357 2025-Jul-10 21:40 Cm 06 28 39.16 +25 58 41.5 54.092525 4.434941 n.a. n.a. 1.005569062722 0.0141395 0.01123941569683 -0.3210871 12.3761 /L 167.4867 168.0/ 99.8925 n.a. n.a. 1.1484382 328.50466 -64.08272 >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-11 21:10 Nr 06 29 49.95 +25 55 04.7 58.130910 -0.195620 n.a. n.a. 1.005575615722 0.0090183 0.01123663463631 -0.3359787 13.0164 /L 166.8394 155.7/ 98.9100 n.a. n.a. 1.0577985 345.89610 -66.84636 2025-Jul-11 21:20 Cm 06 29 49.71 +25 55 14.8 56.693463 1.543053 n.a. n.a. 1.005575651819 0.0089816 0.01123529755212 -0.3306824 13.0244 /L 166.8313 155.6/ 98.8963 n.a. n.a. 1.0741599 339.66316 -66.19473 2025-Jul-11 21:30 Cm 06 29 49.39 +25 55 24.8 55.220535 3.253151 n.a. n.a. 1.005575687769 0.0089449 0.01123398294409 -0.3247723 13.0327 /L 166.8229 155.5/ 98.8821 n.a. n.a. 1.0999206 333.72601 -65.30176 2025-Jul-11 21:40 Cm 06 29 48.98 +25 55 34.5 53.709989 4.932796 n.a. n.a. 1.005575723571 0.0089082 0.01123269325172 -0.3182596 13.0413 /L 166.8143 155.4/ 98.8676 n.a. n.a. 1.1338886 328.15326 -64.18401 >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-12 21:10 Nr 06 31 03.55 +25 51 46.4 57.788832 0.313766 n.a. n.a. 1.005579287554 0.0036780 0.01123045042517 -0.3339292 13.6696 /L 166.1792 142.7/ 95.7100 n.a. n.a. 1.0415515 346.03825 -67.05094 2025-Jul-12 21:20 Cm 06 31 03.32 +25 51 56.4 56.341393 2.045671 n.a. n.a. 1.005579302231 0.0036406 0.01122912189787 -0.3284660 13.6776 /L 166.1711 142.7/ 95.6830 n.a. n.a. 1.0570113 339.72120 -66.40390 2025-Jul-12 21:30 Cm 06 31 03.00 +25 52 06.2 54.857887 3.748525 n.a. n.a. 1.005579316757 0.0036031 0.01122781651030 -0.3223919 13.6859 /L 166.1628 142.6/ 95.6554 n.a. n.a. 1.0819997 333.70179 -65.51034 2025-Jul-12 21:40 Cm 06 31 02.60 +25 52 15.7 53.336173 5.420421 n.a. n.a. 1.005579331133 0.0035656 0.01122653669056 -0.3157181 13.6944 /L 166.1541 142.5/ 95.6273 n.a. n.a. 1.1153053 328.05260 -64.38683 >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-13 21:10 Nr 06 32 21.50 +25 48 15.4 57.457027 0.811285 n.a. n.a. 1.005579842103 -0.0017771 0.01122463660677 -0.3322905 14.3083 /L 165.5337 129.6/ 90.3055 n.a. n.a. 1.0230200 346.50770 -67.32841 2025-Jul-13 21:20 Cm 06 32 21.28 +25 48 25.3 55.999663 2.536550 n.a. n.a. 1.005579834899 -0.0018154 0.01122331497646 -0.3266665 14.3162 /L 165.5257 129.5/ 90.2680 n.a. n.a. 1.0369632 340.08404 -66.70034 2025-Jul-13 21:30 Cm 06 32 20.97 +25 48 34.9 54.505658 4.232297 n.a. n.a. 1.005579827541 -0.0018537 0.01122201712587 -0.3204341 14.3244 /L 165.5174 129.4/ 90.2299 n.a. n.a. 1.0606308 333.95511 -65.81953 2025-Jul-13 21:40 Cm 06 32 20.58 +25 48 44.3 52.972868 5.896588 n.a. n.a. 1.005579820030 -0.0018920 0.01122074547169 -0.3136052 14.3329 /L 165.5088 129.3/ 90.1910 n.a. n.a. 1.0927991 328.19989 -64.70229 >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-14 21:00 Nr 06 33 44.43 +25 44 21.0 58.569224 -0.451127 n.a. n.a. 1.005577241657 -0.0073104 0.01122025901066 -0.3363568 14.9225 /L 164.9128 116.3/ 82.8916 n.a. n.a. 1.0015511 354.00943 -68.00835 2025-Jul-14 21:10 Nm 06 33 44.31 +25 44 30.8 57.137083 1.295787 n.a. n.a. 1.005577212258 -0.0073495 0.01121892014445 -0.3311947 14.9301 /L 164.9052 116.2/ 82.8474 n.a. n.a. 1.0024671 347.29378 -67.68287 2025-Jul-14 21:20 Cm 06 33 44.10 +25 44 40.5 55.669900 3.014581 n.a. n.a. 1.005577182703 -0.0073887 0.01121760322168 -0.3254160 14.9380 /L 164.8973 116.1/ 82.8026 n.a. n.a. 1.0143075 340.74181 -67.08840 2025-Jul-14 21:30 Cm 06 33 43.81 +25 44 50.0 54.165515 4.703399 n.a. n.a. 1.005577152990 -0.0074278 0.01121631069364 -0.3190316 14.9461 /L 164.8891 116.1/ 82.7570 n.a. n.a. 1.0361324 334.47624 -66.23414 2025-Jul-14 21:40 Cm 06 33 43.44 +25 44 59.2 52.621781 6.360272 n.a. n.a. 1.005577123121 -0.0074669 0.01121504496571 -0.3120536 14.9545 /L 164.8806 116.0/ 82.7106 n.a. n.a. 1.0667151 328.58506 -65.13580 >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-15 21:00 Nr 06 35 12.53 +25 40 21.8 58.271751 0.025317 n.a. n.a. 1.005571370585 -0.0130045 0.01121430975555 -0.3360627 15.5257 /L 164.3033 102.7/ 73.6742 n.a. n.a. 0.9822960 355.21062 -68.38512 2025-Jul-15 21:10 Nm 06 35 12.42 +25 40 31.5 56.830469 1.766386 n.a. n.a. 1.005571318347 -0.0130444 0.01121297237298 -0.3307500 15.5332 /L 164.2957 102.7/ 73.6254 n.a. n.a. 0.9802989 348.37390 -68.11327 2025-Jul-15 21:20 Cm 06 35 12.23 +25 40 41.0 55.353604 3.478917 n.a. n.a. 1.005571265949 -0.0130844 0.01121165753309 -0.3248231 15.5410 /L 164.2879 102.6/ 73.5760 n.a. n.a. 0.9895001 341.67418 -67.56665 2025-Jul-15 21:30 Cm 06 35 11.96 +25 40 50.3 53.838992 5.161023 n.a. n.a. 1.005571213390 -0.0131243 0.01121036767723 -0.3182931 15.5490 /L 164.2797 102.5/ 73.5260 n.a. n.a. 1.0090048 335.24627 -66.75266 2025-Jul-15 21:40 Cm 06 35 11.60 +25 40 59.3 52.284482 6.810709 n.a. n.a. 1.005571160672 -0.0131642 0.01120910519962 -0.3111725 15.5574 /L 164.2713 102.4/ 73.4752 n.a. n.a. 1.0375945 329.19002 -65.68603 >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-16 21:00 Nr 06 36 46.23 +25 36 07.0 57.988600 0.487102 n.a. n.a. 1.005562188200 -0.0188129 0.01120772356826 -0.3365017 16.1087 /L 163.7141 89.0/ 63.1107 n.a. n.a. 0.9624587 356.67395 -68.81904 2025-Jul-16 21:10 Nm 06 36 46.14 +25 36 16.5 56.538325 2.222554 n.a. n.a. 1.005562112664 -0.0188537 0.01120638471604 -0.3310449 16.1161 /L 163.7066 89.0/ 63.0596 n.a. n.a. 0.9570649 349.70956 -68.61335 2025-Jul-16 21:20 Cm 06 36 45.97 +25 36 25.8 55.051943 3.929059 n.a. n.a. 1.005562036965 -0.0188944 0.01120506897989 -0.3249762 16.1238 /L 163.6989 88.9/ 63.0082 n.a. n.a. 0.9631696 342.84655 -68.12751 2025-Jul-16 21:30 Cm 06 36 45.72 +25 36 34.9 53.527284 5.604706 n.a. n.a. 1.005561961103 -0.0189352 0.01120377879139 -0.3183070 16.1318 /L 163.6908 88.8/ 62.9562 n.a. n.a. 0.9799453 336.23380 -67.36664 2025-Jul-16 21:40 Cm 06 36 45.39 +25 36 43.7 51.962194 7.247470 n.a. n.a. 1.005561885076 -0.0189759 0.01120251653391 -0.3110499 16.1401 /L 163.6825 88.8/ 62.9038 n.a. n.a. 1.0061953 329.98575 -66.34405 >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-17 21:00 Nr 06 38 25.75 +25 31 35.4 57.720684 0.934004 n.a. n.a. 1.005549617414 -0.0247378 0.01120008604634 -0.3377146 16.6706 /L 163.1463 75.2/ 51.7337 n.a. n.a. 0.9424683 358.34493 -69.30227 2025-Jul-17 21:10 Nm 06 38 25.68 +25 31 44.7 56.261583 2.664092 n.a. n.a. 1.005549518114 -0.0247794 0.01119874260812 -0.3321200 16.6779 /L 163.1390 75.2/ 51.6822 n.a. n.a. 0.9333085 351.25084 -69.17270 2025-Jul-17 21:20 Cm 06 38 25.53 +25 31 53.9 54.765868 4.364841 n.a. n.a. 1.005549418646 -0.0248209 0.01119742283413 -0.3259157 16.6855 /L 163.1313 75.1/ 51.6306 n.a. n.a. 0.9359600 344.21356 -68.75847 2025-Jul-17 21:30 Cm 06 38 25.30 +25 32 02.7 53.231364 6.034310 n.a. n.a. 1.005549319012 -0.0248625 0.01119612914648 -0.3191135 16.6934 /L 163.1234 75.0/ 51.5788 n.a. n.a. 0.9496857 337.39747 -68.06183 2025-Jul-17 21:40 Cm 06 38 24.99 +25 32 11.4 51.655912 7.670449 n.a. n.a. 1.005549219211 -0.0249041 0.01119486391800 -0.3117261 16.7016 /L 163.1151 75.0/ 51.5267 n.a. n.a. 0.9733268 330.93429 -67.09425 >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-18 20:50 Nr 06 40 11.10 +25 26 36.7 58.901391 -0.386679 n.a. n.a. 1.005533715081 -0.0307341 0.01119233795209 -0.3448095 17.2040 /L 162.6074 61.4/ 40.2104 n.a. n.a. 0.9480496 7.1995529 -69.59576 2025-Jul-18 21:00 Nm 06 40 11.14 +25 26 46.1 57.468553 1.366188 n.a. n.a. 1.005533591729 -0.0307764 0.01119096508136 -0.3397015 17.2109 /L 162.6004 61.3/ 40.1598 n.a. n.a. 0.9227054 0.1563459 -69.82480 2025-Jul-18 21:10 Nm 06 40 11.10 +25 26 55.2 56.000806 3.091188 n.a. n.a. 1.005533468208 -0.0308187 0.01118961394057 -0.3339751 17.2181 /L 162.5932 61.3/ 40.1095 n.a. n.a. 0.9095492 352.93475 -69.77795 2025-Jul-18 21:20 Cm 06 40 10.97 +25 27 04.1 54.495955 4.786468 n.a. n.a. 1.005533344517 -0.0308610 0.01118828698835 -0.3276412 17.2256 /L 162.5856 61.2/ 40.0592 n.a. n.a. 0.9085161 345.71714 -69.44309 2025-Jul-18 21:30 Cm 06 40 10.76 +25 27 12.8 52.951817 6.450064 n.a. n.a. 1.005533220656 -0.0309034 0.01118698663766 -0.3207117 17.2334 /L 162.5778 61.1/ 40.0091 n.a. n.a. 0.9189817 338.68413 -68.81914 2025-Jul-18 21:40 Cm 06 40 10.48 +25 27 21.2 51.366232 8.079897 n.a. n.a. 1.005533096625 -0.0309457 0.01118571525111 -0.3131998 17.2414 /L 162.5696 61.1/ 39.9590 n.a. n.a. 0.9398420 331.98697 -67.91532 >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-19 20:50 Nr 06 42 02.28 +25 21 29.0 58.673236 0.035780 n.a. n.a. 1.005514194484 -0.0368822 0.01118132871637 -0.3476512 17.7228 /L 162.0833 47.5/ 29.1002 n.a. n.a. 0.9329875 9.1328758 -70.06321 2025-Jul-19 21:00 Nm 06 42 02.34 +25 21 38.1 57.232401 1.784187 n.a. n.a. 1.005514046472 -0.0369253 0.01117994470739 -0.3424150 17.7296 /L 162.0764 47.4/ 29.0520 n.a. n.a. 0.9034376 2.0335053 -70.37573 2025-Jul-19 21:10 Nm 06 42 02.32 +25 21 47.0 55.756190 3.504386 n.a. n.a. 1.005513898287 -0.0369684 0.01117858293863 -0.3365623 17.7367 /L 162.0692 47.3/ 29.0043 n.a. n.a. 0.8862075 354.68954 -70.41436 2025-Jul-19 21:20 Cm 06 42 02.22 +25 21 55.7 54.242401 5.194500 n.a. n.a. 1.005513749930 -0.0370114 0.01117724586092 -0.3301042 17.7441 /L 162.0618 47.3/ 28.9570 n.a. n.a. 0.8814001 347.28987 -70.16294 2025-Jul-19 21:30 Cm 06 42 02.03 +25 22 04.2 52.688845 6.852541 n.a. n.a. 1.005513601399 -0.0370545 0.01117593587844 -0.3230528 17.7518 /L 162.0540 47.2/ 28.9100 n.a. n.a. 0.8885232 340.03132 -69.61673 2025-Jul-19 21:40 Cm 06 42 01.77 +25 22 12.4 51.093355 8.476402 n.a. n.a. 1.005513452696 -0.0370976 0.01117465534405 -0.3154215 17.7598 /L 162.0460 47.1/ 28.8634 n.a. n.a. 0.9065445 333.08649 -68.78231 >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< $$EOE *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** Column meaning: TIME Times PRIOR to 1962 are UT1, a mean-solar time closely related to the prior but now-deprecated GMT. Times AFTER 1962 are in UTC, the current civil or "wall-clock" time-scale. UTC is kept within 0.9 seconds of UT1 using integer leap-seconds for 1972 and later years. Conversion from the internal Barycentric Dynamical Time (TDB) of solar system dynamics to the non-uniform civil UT time-scale requested for output has not been determined for UTC times after the next July or January 1st. Therefore, the last known leap-second is used as a constant over future intervals. Time tags refer to the UT time-scale conversion from TDB on Earth regardless of observer location within the solar system, although clock rates may differ due to the local gravity field and no analog to "UT" may be defined for that location. Any 'b' symbol in the 1st-column denotes a B.C. date. First-column blank (" ") denotes an A.D. date. CALENDAR SYSTEM Mixed calendar mode was active such that calendar dates after AD 1582-Oct-15 (if any) are in the modern Gregorian system. Dates prior to 1582-Oct-5 (if any) are in the Julian calendar system, which is automatically extended for dates prior to its adoption on 45-Jan-1 BC. The Julian calendar is useful for matching historical dates. The Gregorian calendar more accurately corresponds to the Earth's orbital motion and seasons. A "Gregorian-only" calendar mode is available if such physical events are the primary interest. NOTE: "n.a." in output means quantity "not available" at the print-time. SOLAR PRESENCE (OBSERVING SITE) Time tag is followed by a blank, then a solar-presence condition code: '*' Daylight (refracted solar upper-limb on or above apparent horizon) 'C' Civil twilight/dawn 'N' Nautical twilight/dawn 'A' Astronomical twilight/dawn ' ' Night OR geocentric ephemeris LUNAR PRESENCE WITH TARGET RISE/TRANSIT/SET EVENT MARKER (OBSERVING SITE) The solar-presence code column is immediately followed by another marker: 'm' Refracted upper-limb of Moon on or above apparent horizon ' ' Refracted upper-limb of Moon below apparent horizon OR geocentric The lunar presence marker (an ongoing state) can be over-ridden by a target event marker if an event has occurred since the last output step: 'r' Rise (target body on or went above cut-off RTS elevation) 'e' Elevation max (target body maximum elevation angle has occurred) 't' Transit (target body at or passed through observer meridian) 's' Set (target body on or went below cut-off RTS elevation) RTS MARKERS (TVH) Rise and set are with respect to the reference ellipsoid true visual horizon defined by the elevation cut-off angle. Horizon dip and yellow-light refraction (Earth only) are considered. Accuracy is < or = to twice the requested search step-size. 'R.A._____(ICRF)_____DEC' = Astrometric right ascension and declination of the target center with respect to the observing site (coordinate origin) in the reference frame of the planetary ephemeris (ICRF). Compensated for down-leg light-time delay aberration. Units: RA in hours-minutes-seconds of time, HH MM SS.ff{ffff} DEC in degrees-minutes-seconds of arc, sDD MN SC.f{ffff} 'Azi____(a-app)___Elev' = Airless apparent azimuth and elevation of target center. Compensated for light-time, the gravitational deflection of light, stellar aberration, precession and nutation. Azimuth is measured clockwise from north: North(0) -> East(90) -> South(180) -> West(270) -> North (360) Elevation angle is with respect to a plane perpendicular to the reference surface local zenith direction. TOPOCENTRIC ONLY. Units: DEGREES 'APmag S-brt' = The targets' approximate apparent visual magnitude and surface brightness. For planets and natural satellites, output is restricted to solar phase angles covered by observational data. Outside the observed phase angle range, "n.a." may be output to avoid extrapolation beyond the limit of model validity. For Earth-based observers, the estimated dimming due to atmospheric absorption (extinction) is available as a separate, requestable quantity. Surface brightness is the average airless visual magnitude of a square-arcsecond of the illuminated portion of the apparent disk. It is computed only if the target radius is known. Units: MAGNITUDES & MAGNITUDES PER SQUARE ARCSECOND 'r rdot' = The Sun's apparent range ("r", light-time aberrated) and range-rate ("rdot") relative to the target center, as seen by the observer. A positive "rdot" means the target center was moving away from the Sun, negative means moving toward the Sun. Units: AU and KM/S 'delta deldot' = Apparent range ("delta", light-time aberrated) and range-rate ("delta-dot") of the target center relative to the observer. A positive "deldot" means the target center is moving away from the observer, negative indicates movement toward the observer. Units: AU and KM/S 'S-O-T /r' = Sun-Observer-Target apparent SOLAR ELONGATION ANGLE seen from the observers' location at print-time. The '/r' column provides a code indicating the targets' apparent position relative to the Sun in the observers' sky, as described below: Case A: For an observing location on the surface of a rotating body, that body rotational sense is considered: /T indicates target TRAILS Sun (evening sky: rises and sets AFTER Sun) /L indicates target LEADS Sun (morning sky: rises and sets BEFORE Sun) Case B: For an observing point that does not have a rotational model (such as a spacecraft), the "leading" and "trailing" condition is defined by the observers' heliocentric ORBITAL motion: * If continuing in the observers' current direction of heliocentric motion would encounter the targets' apparent longitude first, followed by the Sun's, the target LEADS the Sun as seen by the observer. * If the Sun's apparent longitude would be encountered first, followed by the targets', the target TRAILS the Sun. Two other codes can be output: /* indicates observer is Sun-centered (undefined) /? Target is aligned with Sun center (no lead or trail) The S-O-T solar elongation angle is numerically the minimum separation angle of the Sun and target in the sky in any direction. It does NOT indicate the amount of separation in the leading or trailing directions, which would be defined along the equator of a spherical coordinate system. Units: DEGREES 'S-T-O' = The Sun-Target-Observer angle; the interior vertex angle at target center formed by a vector from the target to the apparent center of the Sun (at reflection time on the target) and the apparent vector from target to the observer at print-time. Slightly different from true PHASE ANGLE (requestable separately) at the few arcsecond level in that it includes stellar aberration on the down-leg from target to observer. Units: DEGREES 'T-O-M/MN_Illu%' = Target-Observer-Moon LUNAR ELONGATION angle and illuminated percentage. The apparent lunar elongation angle between target body center and Moon center, seen from the observing site, along with fraction of the lunar disk illuminated by the Sun. A negative lunar elongation angle indicates the target center is behind the Moon. Units: DEGREES & PERCENT 'RA_3sigma DEC_3sigma' = Uncertainty in Right-Ascension and Declination. Output values are the formal +/- 3 standard-deviations (sigmas) around nominal position. Units: ARCSECONDS 'Sky_motion Sky_mot_PA RelVel-ANG' = Total apparent angular rate of the target in the plane-of-sky. "Sky_mot_PA" is the position angle of the target's direction of motion in the plane-of-sky, measured counter-clockwise from the apparent of-date north pole direction. "RelVel-ANG" is the flight path angle of the target's relative motion with respect to the observer's line-of-sight, in the range [-90,+90], where positive values indicate motion away from the observer, negative values are toward the observer: -90 = target is moving directly toward the observer 0 = target is moving at right angles to the observer's line-of-sight +90 = target is moving directly away from the observer UNITS: ARCSECONDS/MINUTE, DEGREES, DEGREES Computations by ... Solar System Dynamics Group, Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Pasadena, CA 91109 USA General site: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ Mailing list: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/email_list.html System news : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/news.html User Guide : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/manual.html Connect : browser https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/app.html#/x API https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/doc/horizons.html command-line telnet ssd.jpl.nasa.gov 6775 e-mail/batch https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/horizons_batch.txt scripts https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/SCRIPTS Author : Jon.D.Giorgini@jpl.nasa.gov ***************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************