API VERSION: 1.2 API SOURCE: NASA/JPL Horizons API ******************************************************************************* Revised: Mar 11, 2026 Hubble Space Telescope -48 http://hubblesite.org BACKGROUND: Launched: April 24, 1990 [from space shuttle Discovery (STS-31)] Deployed: April 25, 1990 NOTE: HST ephemeris data can be unreliable during times of the following space shuttle servicing missions Servicing Mission 1 : 1993 (December 02-14) Servicing Mission 2 : 1997 (February 11-21) Servicing Mission 3A: 1999 (December 19-28) Servicing Mission 3B: 2002 (March 01-12) Servicing Mission 4 : 2009 (May 11-25) HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE: Length : 43.5 ft (13.2 m) Weight : 24,500 lb (11,110 kg) Maximum Diameter: 14 ft (4.2 m) Data return : ~120 Gigabytes (GB)/week Generic orbit facts: Altitude : 569 km, or 353 miles Inclination : 28.5 deg. to equator Orbit period : 97 minutes Orbital speed: 28,000 kph (17500 mph) SPACECRAFT TRAJECTORY: The trajectory here is a concatenation of publicly released JSpOC two-line elements. These can usually only be propagated reliably "days" into the future, and are updated frequently to maintain accuracy. ******************************************************************************* ******************************************************************************* Ephemeris / API_USER Wed Mar 11 22:04:56 2026 Pasadena, USA / Horizons ******************************************************************************* Target body name: Hubble Space Telescope (spacecraft) (-48) {source: hst} Center body name: Earth (399) {source: DE441} Center-site name: iTelescope Obs.,Beryl Junc. (Sato) ******************************************************************************* Start time : A.D. 2025-Jul-19 00:00:00.0000 UT Stop time : A.D. 2025-Aug-01 00:00:00.0000 UT Step-size : 10 minutes ******************************************************************************* Target pole/equ : undefined Target radii : undefined Center geodetic : 246.3025, 37.7377919, 1.56349 {E-lon(deg),Lat(deg),Alt(km)} Center cylindric: 246.3025,5051.53114,3883.42609 {E-lon(deg),Dxy(km),Dz(km)} Center pole/equ : ITRF93 {East-longitude positive} Center radii : 6378.137, 6378.137, 6356.752 km {Equator_a, b, pole_c} Target primary : Earth Vis. interferer : MOON (R_eq= 1737.400) km {source: DE441} Rel. light bend : Sun {source: DE441} Rel. lght bnd GM: 1.3271E+11 km^3/s^2 Atmos refraction: NO (AIRLESS) RA format : HMS Time format : CAL Calendar mode : Mixed Julian/Gregorian RTS-only print : NO EOP file : eop.260311.p260607 EOP coverage : DATA-BASED 1962-JAN-20 TO 2026-MAR-11. PREDICTS-> 2026-JUN-06 Units conversion: 1 au= 149597870.700 km, c= 299792.458 km/s, 1 day= 86400.0 s Table cut-offs 1: Elevation ( 0.0deg=YES),Airmass (>38.000=NO), Daylight (YES) Table cut-offs 2: Solar elongation ( 12.0,180.0=YES),Local Hour Angle( 0.0=NO ) Table cut-offs 3: RA/DEC angular rate ( 0.0=NO ) *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** Date__(UT)__HR:MN R.A._____(ICRF)_____DEC Azi____(a-app)___Elev APmag S-brt r rdot delta deldot S-O-T /r S-T-O T-O-M/MN_Illu% RA_3sigma DEC_3sigma Sky_motion Sky_mot_PA RelVel-ANG *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** $$SOE >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-19 04:20 At 18 20 24.32 -35 04 25.3 157.571556 13.007920 n.a. n.a. 1.016213018401 3.9374912 0.00000985997393 0.8665125 155.0858 /T 24.9128 127.4/ 36.8402 n.a. n.a. 60576.710 71.827979 6.8486190 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-19 06:00 t 19 57 21.51 -29 58 02.7 156.299843 18.077473 n.a. n.a. 1.016216450329 2.4532602 0.00000825724650 2.3282961 170.8546 /L 9.1452 107.9/ 35.8498 n.a. n.a. 68902.727 79.069230 18.708403 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-19 07:40 t 21 15 06.64 -36 39 25.7 163.177259 13.326969 n.a. n.a. 1.016216071967 0.6053634 0.00000974245024 2.9838064 156.3426 /L 23.6583 95.2/ 34.9440 n.a. n.a. 56257.897 85.947371 24.249752 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-19 09:20 t 21 59 02.10 -48 03 34.0 175.675614 4.135649 n.a. n.a. 1.016211332882 -1.3512087 0.00001410641233 2.9119259 143.0578 /L 36.9429 93.2/ 34.1460 n.a. n.a. 39151.200 95.160615 23.569663 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-20 03:50 Nr 13 51 04.54 -38 35 43.3 205.985951 7.443870 n.a. n.a. 1.016142342677 5.0497059 0.00001227535403 -4.2423146 101.5055 /T 78.4928 153.8/ 26.4415 n.a. n.a. 39810.904 98.277258 -35.68375 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-20 05:30 r 14 50 45.84 -27 09 31.5 219.319373 13.024150 n.a. n.a. 1.016148578926 4.0837485 0.00000985998326 -4.2604891 110.5759 /T 69.4224 169.3/ 25.4928 n.a. n.a. 49357.752 103.91899 -35.91203 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-20 07:10 r 16 25 21.46 -26 50 40.3 220.581798 12.609977 n.a. n.a. 1.016151932323 2.5250884 0.00001001240283 -3.1903313 131.2513 /T 48.7470 169.2/ 24.6018 n.a. n.a. 53974.905 111.64634 -26.02687 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-20 08:50 r 18 07 32.32 -35 40 30.2 215.166341 5.644086 n.a. n.a. 1.016151280821 0.5877459 0.00001323468436 -1.4017501 151.4624 /T 28.5364 147.1/ 23.7995 n.a. n.a. 44717.163 118.99965 -11.08185 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-21 03:30 Nt 20 39 14.17 -16 50 05.5 114.046096 3.152573 n.a. n.a. 1.016085595104 4.4861276 0.00001475494502 5.2247940 170.3541 /L 9.6468 121.6/ 17.1113 n.a. n.a. 28470.391 66.874230 45.819798 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-21 05:00 r 12 28 05.92 -20 00 04.1 243.976327 0.242119 n.a. n.a. 1.016072465659 5.2560954 0.00001675829267 -6.0493162 76.6823 /T 103.3159 123.5/ 16.3726 n.a. n.a. 20001.938 100.52405 -56.18637 2025-Jul-21 05:10 t 22 11 51.75 -19 25 21.0 117.172562 2.836146 n.a. n.a. 1.016089589636 2.9551760 0.00001495274181 5.8578835 149.4759 /L 30.5249 103.4/ 16.2916 n.a. n.a. 23878.515 76.580329 53.619738 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-21 06:40 r 13 54 10.16 -14 39 40.2 250.244052 1.125035 n.a. n.a. 1.016078733524 4.2082606 0.00001612542625 -5.6747825 93.2761 /T 86.7218 139.6/ 15.5816 n.a. n.a. 23460.630 108.89599 -51.13650 2025-Jul-21 06:50 t 23 17 23.49 -31 30 26.5 131.314058 0.150614 n.a. n.a. 1.016089564911 0.9819991 0.00001679971753 5.7611859 135.1301 /L 44.8706 96.4/ 15.5054 n.a. n.a. 21932.418 78.467823 52.294506 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-22 03:00 Ct 17 40 51.25 -31 57 36.3 150.650569 13.336842 n.a. n.a. 1.016003912304 5.5819512 0.00000974748118 1.7725020 145.7097 /T 34.2890 175.1/ 9.5339 n.a. n.a. 59840.926 69.947176 14.115119 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-22 04:40 t 19 19 29.92 -28 41 21.8 149.407020 16.466329 n.a. n.a. 1.016010675175 4.5993762 0.00000871800722 3.1820066 166.5565 /T 13.4424 157.4/ 8.9084 n.a. n.a. 61934.620 77.419711 25.995078 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-22 06:20 t 20 30 04.08 -37 23 53.3 158.895314 11.099705 n.a. n.a. 1.016014415366 2.9432590 0.00001059597831 3.5571795 162.1029 /L 17.8974 143.7/ 8.2956 n.a. n.a. 49487.274 83.968032 29.305652 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-22 08:00 t 21 06 56.26 -49 30 22.5 173.148427 2.361360 n.a. n.a. 1.016013836311 0.8425353 0.00001522620778 3.2701491 148.3640 /L 31.6364 136.5/ 7.7225 n.a. n.a. 35375.895 93.400578 26.672148 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-23 04:10 Ar 14 07 03.92 -27 56 07.1 214.124173 15.267659 n.a. n.a. 1.015923079957 5.7743343 0.00000909421636 -3.6332499 98.7204 /T 81.2782 120.6/ 3.6268 n.a. n.a. 57194.898 103.18665 -30.02141 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-23 05:50 r 15 44 43.70 -29 55 33.6 213.594680 13.310265 n.a. n.a. 1.015929750166 4.6569665 0.00000975380118 -2.3307658 119.9010 /T 60.0975 140.6/ 3.2378 n.a. n.a. 58407.203 110.80782 -18.69632 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-23 07:30 r 17 20 31.49 -39 08 23.3 209.682681 4.957514 n.a. n.a. 1.015933065382 2.8534362 0.00001362059094 -0.6616328 138.9756 /T 41.0230 157.6/ 2.8718 n.a. n.a. 44100.595 117.80040 -5.202158 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-24 03:40 Nr 11 27 33.30 -19 29 16.4 243.159019 1.959288 n.a. n.a. 1.015827788251 6.3338097 0.00001555183561 -5.9331461 61.7155 /T 118.2831 71.2/ 0.6843 n.a. n.a. 22410.832 102.35278 -54.62349 2025-Jul-24 03:50 Nt 21 11 59.62 -19 43 58.8 116.084155 1.101412 n.a. n.a. 1.015851409479 4.9942857 0.00001613316198 5.9950402 166.2573 /L 13.7435 158.0/ 0.6686 n.a. n.a. 21170.577 78.493545 55.447862 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-24 05:20 r 12 57 27.70 -15 47 46.0 247.557056 2.534005 n.a. n.a. 1.015836156260 5.9195079 0.00001516488253 -5.4087545 78.2645 /T 101.7338 86.4/ 0.5331 n.a. n.a. 26629.999 111.61612 -47.93331 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-24 07:00 r 14 45 11.56 -21 49 14.8 241.851021 -0.037047 n.a. n.a. 1.015842584700 4.6413922 0.00001695706554 -3.9647732 104.1479 /T 75.8501 110.9/ 0.4008 n.a. n.a. 29957.779 122.70137 -32.84798 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-25 03:20 Nt 18 42 42.48 -27 22 32.5 142.481637 14.085022 n.a. n.a. 1.015751941847 6.1987907 0.00000948791637 3.9952007 157.0161 /T 22.9829 153.6/ 0.1650 n.a. n.a. 52875.272 76.124965 33.381224 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-25 05:00 t 19 46 12.17 -38 00 15.6 154.608957 8.601372 n.a. n.a. 1.015758687997 4.9433646 0.00001170214883 4.0977980 160.4340 /T 19.5655 159.3/ 0.2320 n.a. n.a. 42460.354 82.019494 34.308106 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-25 06:40 t 20 17 33.96 -50 51 18.7 170.369459 0.466266 n.a. n.a. 1.015761693737 2.9555145 0.00001654031585 3.6280700 148.8026 /L 31.1973 149.2/ 0.3263 n.a. n.a. 31618.109 91.341037 29.856263 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-26 04:30 Ar 15 14 06.23 -33 40 38.6 204.495114 13.570726 n.a. n.a. 1.015653298787 6.2511353 0.00000966288001 -1.2016109 111.2823 /T 68.7165 95.3/ 2.2299 n.a. n.a. 61387.013 108.43374 -9.511290 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-26 06:10 r 16 38 54.04 -42 52 08.3 203.443329 4.006415 n.a. n.a. 1.015659551022 4.8040990 0.00001418595042 0.1637588 127.9914 /T 52.0073 112.0/ 2.5091 n.a. n.a. 42511.613 115.63776 1.2908855 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-27 04:00 Ar 12 05 58.57 -17 48 24.0 243.376374 4.238618 n.a. n.a. 1.015540139606 6.9494536 0.00001409060443 -5.0021014 65.5959 /T 114.4030 38.8/ 6.2847 n.a. n.a. 31081.350 114.25417 -43.37771 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-27 05:40 r 13 54 41.13 -25 27 47.3 236.396239 0.535390 n.a. n.a. 1.015548447456 6.2195760 0.00001653603504 -3.3390505 91.5156 /T 88.4828 62.5/ 6.6913 n.a. n.a. 32519.785 124.13829 -27.18843 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-28 03:40 Nt 19 02 52.20 -38 28 48.1 150.442811 5.867097 n.a. n.a. 1.015448530327 6.4060764 0.00001311328997 4.5849664 152.9791 /T 27.0201 115.8/ 12.1325 n.a. n.a. 35624.769 80.320532 39.077625 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-29 03:10 Cr 14 54 14.60 -37 35 35.3 193.627104 12.973834 n.a. n.a. 1.015324474908 7.1660988 0.00000988314004 0.1570075 105.3900 /T 74.6091 56.2/ 19.3396 n.a. n.a. 60844.032 104.08373 1.2389048 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-29 04:50 r 16 02 57.00 -46 37 11.4 196.675341 2.716835 n.a. n.a. 1.015332382904 6.2558710 0.00001500352940 1.0348153 118.7828 /T 61.2160 70.7/ 19.8381 n.a. n.a. 39800.086 112.37142 8.1617614 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-30 04:20 Ar 13 09 15.77 -30 00 36.4 229.595504 0.962186 n.a. n.a. 1.015203159502 7.1489018 0.00001623067708 -2.5401183 81.4557 /T 98.5431 24.5/ 28.0723 n.a. n.a. 34912.752 124.82950 -20.34713 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< $$EOE *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** Column meaning: TIME Times PRIOR to 1962 are UT1, a mean-solar time closely related to the prior but now-deprecated GMT. Times AFTER 1962 are in UTC, the current civil or "wall-clock" time-scale. UTC is kept within 0.9 seconds of UT1 using integer leap-seconds for 1972 and later years. Conversion from the internal Barycentric Dynamical Time (TDB) of solar system dynamics to the non-uniform civil UT time-scale requested for output has not been determined for UTC times after the next July or January 1st. Therefore, the last known leap-second is used as a constant over future intervals. Time tags refer to the UT time-scale conversion from TDB on Earth regardless of observer location within the solar system, although clock rates may differ due to the local gravity field and no analog to "UT" may be defined for that location. Any 'b' symbol in the 1st-column denotes a B.C. date. First-column blank (" ") denotes an A.D. date. CALENDAR SYSTEM Mixed calendar mode was active such that calendar dates after AD 1582-Oct-15 (if any) are in the modern Gregorian system. Dates prior to 1582-Oct-5 (if any) are in the Julian calendar system, which is automatically extended for dates prior to its adoption on 45-Jan-1 BC. The Julian calendar is useful for matching historical dates. The Gregorian calendar more accurately corresponds to the Earth's orbital motion and seasons. A "Gregorian-only" calendar mode is available if such physical events are the primary interest. NOTE: "n.a." in output means quantity "not available" at the print-time. SOLAR PRESENCE (OBSERVING SITE) Time tag is followed by a blank, then a solar-presence condition code: '*' Daylight (refracted solar upper-limb on or above apparent horizon) 'C' Civil twilight/dawn 'N' Nautical twilight/dawn 'A' Astronomical twilight/dawn ' ' Night OR geocentric ephemeris LUNAR PRESENCE WITH TARGET RISE/TRANSIT/SET EVENT MARKER (OBSERVING SITE) The solar-presence code column is immediately followed by another marker: 'm' Refracted upper-limb of Moon on or above apparent horizon ' ' Refracted upper-limb of Moon below apparent horizon OR geocentric The lunar presence marker (an ongoing state) can be over-ridden by a target event marker if an event has occurred since the last output step: 'r' Rise (target body on or went above cut-off RTS elevation) 'e' Elevation max (target body maximum elevation angle has occurred) 't' Transit (target body at or passed through observer meridian) 's' Set (target body on or went below cut-off RTS elevation) RTS MARKERS (TVH) Rise and set are with respect to the reference ellipsoid true visual horizon defined by the elevation cut-off angle. Horizon dip and yellow-light refraction (Earth only) are considered. Accuracy is < or = to twice the requested search step-size. 'R.A._____(ICRF)_____DEC' = Astrometric right ascension and declination of the target center with respect to the observing site (coordinate origin) in the reference frame of the planetary ephemeris (ICRF). Compensated for down-leg light-time delay aberration. Units: RA in hours-minutes-seconds of time, HH MM SS.ff{ffff} DEC in degrees-minutes-seconds of arc, sDD MN SC.f{ffff} 'Azi____(a-app)___Elev' = Airless apparent azimuth and elevation of target center. Compensated for light-time, the gravitational deflection of light, stellar aberration, precession and nutation. Azimuth is measured clockwise from north: North(0) -> East(90) -> South(180) -> West(270) -> North (360) Elevation angle is with respect to a plane perpendicular to the reference surface local zenith direction. TOPOCENTRIC ONLY. Units: DEGREES 'APmag S-brt' = The targets' approximate apparent visual magnitude and surface brightness. For planets and natural satellites, output is restricted to solar phase angles covered by observational data. Outside the observed phase angle range, "n.a." may be output to avoid extrapolation beyond the limit of model validity. For Earth-based observers, the estimated dimming due to atmospheric absorption (extinction) is available as a separate, requestable quantity. Surface brightness is the average airless visual magnitude of a square-arcsecond of the illuminated portion of the apparent disk. It is computed only if the target radius is known. Units: MAGNITUDES & MAGNITUDES PER SQUARE ARCSECOND 'r rdot' = The Sun's apparent range ("r", light-time aberrated) and range-rate ("rdot") relative to the target center, as seen by the observer. A positive "rdot" means the target center was moving away from the Sun, negative means moving toward the Sun. Units: AU and KM/S 'delta deldot' = Apparent range ("delta", light-time aberrated) and range-rate ("delta-dot") of the target center relative to the observer. A positive "deldot" means the target center is moving away from the observer, negative indicates movement toward the observer. Units: AU and KM/S 'S-O-T /r' = Sun-Observer-Target apparent SOLAR ELONGATION ANGLE seen from the observers' location at print-time. The '/r' column provides a code indicating the targets' apparent position relative to the Sun in the observers' sky, as described below: Case A: For an observing location on the surface of a rotating body, that body rotational sense is considered: /T indicates target TRAILS Sun (evening sky: rises and sets AFTER Sun) /L indicates target LEADS Sun (morning sky: rises and sets BEFORE Sun) Case B: For an observing point that does not have a rotational model (such as a spacecraft), the "leading" and "trailing" condition is defined by the observers' heliocentric ORBITAL motion: * If continuing in the observers' current direction of heliocentric motion would encounter the targets' apparent longitude first, followed by the Sun's, the target LEADS the Sun as seen by the observer. * If the Sun's apparent longitude would be encountered first, followed by the targets', the target TRAILS the Sun. Two other codes can be output: /* indicates observer is Sun-centered (undefined) /? Target is aligned with Sun center (no lead or trail) The S-O-T solar elongation angle is numerically the minimum separation angle of the Sun and target in the sky in any direction. It does NOT indicate the amount of separation in the leading or trailing directions, which would be defined along the equator of a spherical coordinate system. Units: DEGREES 'S-T-O' = The Sun-Target-Observer angle; the interior vertex angle at target center formed by a vector from the target to the apparent center of the Sun (at reflection time on the target) and the apparent vector from target to the observer at print-time. Slightly different from true PHASE ANGLE (requestable separately) at the few arcsecond level in that it includes stellar aberration on the down-leg from target to observer. Units: DEGREES 'T-O-M/MN_Illu%' = Target-Observer-Moon LUNAR ELONGATION angle and illuminated percentage. The apparent lunar elongation angle between target body center and Moon center, seen from the observing site, along with fraction of the lunar disk illuminated by the Sun. A negative lunar elongation angle indicates the target center is behind the Moon. Units: DEGREES & PERCENT 'RA_3sigma DEC_3sigma' = Uncertainty in Right-Ascension and Declination. Output values are the formal +/- 3 standard-deviations (sigmas) around nominal position. Units: ARCSECONDS 'Sky_motion Sky_mot_PA RelVel-ANG' = Total apparent angular rate of the target in the plane-of-sky. "Sky_mot_PA" is the position angle of the target's direction of motion in the plane-of-sky, measured counter-clockwise from the apparent of-date north pole direction. "RelVel-ANG" is the flight path angle of the target's relative motion with respect to the observer's line-of-sight, in the range [-90,+90], where positive values indicate motion away from the observer, negative values are toward the observer: -90 = target is moving directly toward the observer 0 = target is moving at right angles to the observer's line-of-sight +90 = target is moving directly away from the observer UNITS: ARCSECONDS/MINUTE, DEGREES, DEGREES Computations by ... Solar System Dynamics Group, Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Pasadena, CA 91109 USA General site: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ Mailing list: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/email_list.html System news : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/news.html User Guide : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/manual.html Connect : browser https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/app.html#/x API https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/doc/horizons.html command-line telnet ssd.jpl.nasa.gov 6775 e-mail/batch https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/horizons_batch.txt scripts https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/SCRIPTS Author : Jon.D.Giorgini@jpl.nasa.gov ***************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************