API VERSION: 1.2 API SOURCE: NASA/JPL Horizons API ******************************************************************************* Revised: Jul 14, 2025 Hubble Space Telescope -48 http://hubblesite.org BACKGROUND: Launched: April 24, 1990 [from space shuttle Discovery (STS-31)] Deployed: April 25, 1990 NOTE: HST ephemeris data can be unreliable during times of the following space shuttle servicing missions Servicing Mission 1 : 1993 (December 02-14) Servicing Mission 2 : 1997 (February 11-21) Servicing Mission 3A: 1999 (December 19-28) Servicing Mission 3B: 2002 (March 01-12) Servicing Mission 4 : 2009 (May 11-25) HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE: Length : 43.5 ft (13.2 m) Weight : 24,500 lb (11,110 kg) Maximum Diameter: 14 ft (4.2 m) Data return : ~120 Gigabytes (GB)/week Generic orbit facts: Altitude : 569 km, or 353 miles Inclination : 28.5 deg. to equator Orbit period : 97 minutes Orbital speed: 28,000 kph (17500 mph) SPACECRAFT TRAJECTORY: The trajectory here is a concatenation of publicly released JSpOC two-line elements. These can usually only be propagated reliably "days" into the future, and are updated frequently to maintain accuracy. ******************************************************************************* ******************************************************************************* Ephemeris / API_USER Tue Jul 15 00:47:09 2025 Pasadena, USA / Horizons ******************************************************************************* Target body name: Hubble Space Telescope (spacecraft) (-48) {source: hst} Center body name: Earth (399) {source: DE441} Center-site name: iTelescope Obs.,Beryl Junc. (Sato) ******************************************************************************* Start time : A.D. 2025-Jul-06 00:00:00.0000 UT Stop time : A.D. 2025-Jul-20 00:00:00.0000 UT Step-size : 10 minutes ******************************************************************************* Target pole/equ : undefined Target radii : undefined Center geodetic : 246.3025, 37.7377919, 1.56349 {E-lon(deg),Lat(deg),Alt(km)} Center cylindric: 246.3025,5051.53114,3883.42609 {E-lon(deg),Dxy(km),Dz(km)} Center pole/equ : ITRF93 {East-longitude positive} Center radii : 6378.137, 6378.137, 6356.752 km {Equator_a, b, pole_c} Target primary : Earth Vis. interferer : MOON (R_eq= 1737.400) km {source: DE441} Rel. light bend : Sun {source: DE441} Rel. lght bnd GM: 1.3271E+11 km^3/s^2 Atmos refraction: NO (AIRLESS) RA format : HMS Time format : CAL Calendar mode : Mixed Julian/Gregorian RTS-only print : NO EOP file : eop.250714.p251010 EOP coverage : DATA-BASED 1962-JAN-20 TO 2025-JUL-14. PREDICTS-> 2025-OCT-09 Units conversion: 1 au= 149597870.700 km, c= 299792.458 km/s, 1 day= 86400.0 s Table cut-offs 1: Elevation ( 0.0deg=YES),Airmass (>38.000=NO), Daylight (YES) Table cut-offs 2: Solar elongation ( 12.0,180.0=YES),Local Hour Angle( 0.0=NO ) Table cut-offs 3: RA/DEC angular rate ( 0.0=NO ) *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** Date__(UT)__HR:MN R.A._____(ICRF)_____DEC Azi____(a-app)___Elev APmag S-brt r rdot delta deldot S-O-T /r S-T-O T-O-M/MN_Illu% RA_3sigma DEC_3sigma Sky_motion Sky_mot_PA RelVel-ANG *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** $$SOE >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-06 10:10 01 35 19.01 -25 33 51.0 127.777284 4.987004 n.a. n.a. 1.016644537380 -6.4345678 0.00001365906578 3.4635601 92.5991 /L 87.4008 125.0/ 81.3255 n.a. n.a. 38838.793 59.754219 28.374648 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-06 11:50 Ct 03 21 25.88 -20 00 59.3 122.942802 7.994997 n.a. n.a. 1.016628425179 -6.9066738 0.00001205708076 4.9565703 68.7110 /L 111.2889 136.3/ 81.8739 n.a. n.a. 36489.463 69.480319 42.983371 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-07 09:40 t 21 54 38.25 -43 10 25.4 171.056343 8.461946 n.a. n.a. 1.016642627464 -5.1280039 0.00001179127261 -1.2219994 139.6048 /L 40.3956 70.0/ 88.0015 n.a. n.a. 50335.357 76.207928 -9.661833 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-07 11:20 Nt 23 08 28.47 -34 12 08.1 175.220937 18.020570 n.a. n.a. 1.016628393682 -6.3484436 0.00000830101538 -0.3312454 126.2225 /L 53.7779 86.1/ 88.4137 n.a. n.a. 72284.872 84.072629 -2.611917 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-08 09:10 r 18 05 02.76 -43 39 13.0 206.872929 1.397329 n.a. n.a. 1.016633696453 -3.3389565 0.00001591051311 -4.7381305 154.9290 /T 25.0698 19.9/ 93.4307 n.a. n.a. 28758.141 98.944135 -40.58248 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-08 10:50 Ar 18 49 26.73 -29 04 54.6 224.458378 7.003695 n.a. n.a. 1.016622661485 -5.1351517 0.00001253384191 -5.1869891 171.8955 /T 8.1039 23.2/ 93.7121 n.a. n.a. 33608.119 103.06671 -45.52755 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-09 08:50 t 00 32 35.91 -23 58 09.3 125.712521 5.226253 n.a. n.a. 1.016604556554 -4.7718384 0.00001350953604 3.7870645 107.8253 /L 72.1750 85.9/ 97.3535 n.a. n.a. 38123.334 60.689353 31.313930 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-09 10:30 At 02 17 19.01 -19 42 29.8 121.978237 7.509043 n.a. n.a. 1.016590807459 -5.8953078 0.00001228927230 5.1418267 83.7739 /L 96.2263 107.6/ 97.5195 n.a. n.a. 34596.868 70.678517 45.013138 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-09 12:10 Ct 03 36 31.25 -26 57 45.6 130.593674 5.630621 n.a. n.a. 1.016575450784 -6.1911819 0.00001329236021 5.4549381 72.1540 /L 107.8460 114.1/ 97.7115 n.a. n.a. 29900.714 76.745288 48.627472 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-10 06:40 r 19 56 35.76 -50 00 58.0 164.288932 -0.392340 n.a. n.a. 1.016594558817 -0.9324181 0.00001718912700 -1.4306979 151.1829 /L 28.8164 24.9/ 99.4131 n.a. n.a. 34442.482 66.279478 -11.30001 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-10 08:20 t 20 52 33.91 -41 38 20.0 169.600225 9.733835 n.a. n.a. 1.016588266421 -3.0281522 0.00001119283388 -0.9193859 152.2523 /L 27.7481 27.7/ 99.4685 n.a. n.a. 53349.100 75.901359 -7.253589 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-10 10:00 t 22 12 30.37 -33 13 54.7 172.386654 18.706551 n.a. n.a. 1.016577664866 -4.6931844 0.00000810758895 0.1366833 140.1982 /L 39.8025 42.2/ 99.5288 n.a. n.a. 74071.360 83.446283 1.0828761 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-10 11:40 Nt 23 42 41.10 -34 03 59.1 174.715706 18.120324 n.a. n.a. 1.016564017886 -5.6979433 0.00000827014005 1.2938903 121.5437 /L 58.4568 59.9/ 99.5949 n.a. n.a. 71460.740 90.541011 10.268130 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-11 07:50 r 16 55 57.46 -42 11 20.9 207.696358 2.563895 n.a. n.a. 1.016564652577 -1.0395565 0.00001511116763 -4.7142175 143.5667 /T 36.4315 38.7/ 99.5852 n.a. n.a. 30378.014 99.201505 -40.34766 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-11 09:30 r 17 43 27.62 -28 03 18.2 224.674799 8.099886 n.a. n.a. 1.016558030854 -3.0165213 0.00001196865171 -5.0918408 156.9027 /T 23.0958 28.5/ 99.5492 n.a. n.a. 35844.555 103.42655 -44.47348 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-11 11:10 Ar 19 04 46.87 -21 49 29.5 232.132971 10.052338 n.a. n.a. 1.016547375230 -4.5675050 0.00001107807933 -4.6466926 175.8842 /T 4.1147 11.9/ 99.5065 n.a. n.a. 41732.835 109.89976 -39.73991 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-12 05:50 r 21 45 45.32 -31 35 32.3 130.757318 -0.544371 n.a. n.a. 1.016535999689 -0.6259099 0.00001732800015 2.2910391 147.4474 /L 32.5531 16.8/ 97.6977 n.a. n.a. 33150.687 53.788068 18.264603 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-12 07:30 t 23 32 06.46 -22 11 32.5 123.148084 5.180688 n.a. n.a. 1.016530173569 -2.5690917 0.00001352561541 4.1459675 123.4017 /L 56.5990 38.7/ 97.5550 n.a. n.a. 36646.741 61.777315 34.684173 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-12 09:10 t 01 14 42.80 -19 26 55.8 120.809016 6.715482 n.a. n.a. 1.016520319244 -4.1514344 0.00001268818258 5.3354224 99.6993 /L 80.3012 62.2/ 97.4208 n.a. n.a. 32204.435 71.958227 47.208296 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-12 10:50 At 02 30 06.59 -28 05 22.3 131.001304 4.515542 n.a. n.a. 1.016507520664 -5.1560047 0.00001392497615 5.5269202 87.2418 /L 92.7584 76.0/ 97.2795 n.a. n.a. 28072.215 77.138961 49.471030 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-13 05:20 t 18 53 12.62 -48 24 47.0 162.981942 0.798612 n.a. n.a. 1.016501112501 1.3186166 0.00001630899911 -1.1891923 152.4454 /T 27.5533 44.3/ 93.6460 n.a. n.a. 36517.421 66.124905 -9.374792 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-13 07:00 t 19 56 02.58 -39 49 47.5 166.972276 10.995175 n.a. n.a. 1.016499518027 -0.6286474 0.00001064403083 -0.4806706 161.1576 /L 18.8423 30.9/ 93.3707 n.a. n.a. 56418.351 75.014014 -3.782811 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-13 08:40 t 21 22 31.72 -32 13 40.1 168.161357 19.063604 n.a. n.a. 1.016493569742 -2.4870273 0.00000800585159 0.7540166 153.0103 /L 26.9907 15.2/ 93.1251 n.a. n.a. 74620.189 82.308064 5.9660104 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-13 10:20 t 22 50 37.37 -34 55 42.0 171.292262 16.861681 n.a. n.a. 1.016483773952 -4.0002276 0.00000861319723 1.8219203 134.5597 /L 45.4411 23.7/ 92.8879 n.a. n.a. 67517.983 89.371988 14.533244 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-13 12:00 Cr 23 50 12.14 -45 00 19.1 180.025874 7.403409 n.a. n.a. 1.016471162690 -4.9612994 0.00001231181883 2.2124695 122.7879 /L 57.2126 38.8/ 92.6336 n.a. n.a. 46585.285 97.778148 17.700458 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-14 06:30 r 15 50 11.20 -40 50 21.1 207.932252 3.938800 n.a. n.a. 1.016461337148 1.2971575 0.00001423194318 -4.6359200 129.4534 /T 50.5446 88.7/ 87.1367 n.a. n.a. 32618.266 99.222426 -39.55978 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-14 08:10 r 16 41 05.64 -27 20 25.6 224.054144 9.456665 n.a. n.a. 1.016459550911 -0.5803363 0.00001132090090 -4.9253458 140.4134 /T 39.5848 81.9/ 86.7567 n.a. n.a. 39041.659 103.76666 -42.67024 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-14 09:50 r 18 06 54.63 -22 51 56.0 229.551249 10.861899 n.a. n.a. 1.016453563620 -2.3797327 0.00001071967501 -4.3022110 159.7266 /T 20.2719 63.6/ 86.4125 n.a. n.a. 45215.072 110.85744 -36.28691 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-14 11:30 Nr 19 53 04.38 -29 46 31.2 224.067003 6.474499 n.a. n.a. 1.016443842605 -3.8535594 0.00001280368623 -2.6236411 170.8887 /L 9.1122 41.6/ 86.0741 n.a. n.a. 43919.939 119.43251 -21.10160 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-15 04:30 Ar 20 45 25.27 -29 11 49.1 127.843686 -0.112237 n.a. n.a. 1.016422758935 1.7176959 0.00001700126897 2.7095139 162.8992 /L 17.1013 41.3/ 79.6429 n.a. n.a. 33040.890 54.421882 21.758180 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-15 06:10 t 22 33 28.90 -20 19 23.9 120.209780 4.816203 n.a. n.a. 1.016421800942 -0.0975066 0.00001373126964 4.5210865 139.1150 /L 40.8859 17.5/ 79.0345 n.a. n.a. 34421.036 63.116189 38.358422 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-15 07:50 t 00 13 16.85 -19 16 53.0 119.532557 5.635912 n.a. n.a. 1.016416704846 -1.9053036 0.00001326624284 5.5265573 116.0413 /L 63.9593 19.2/ 78.5051 n.a. n.a. 29474.589 73.358182 49.462490 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-15 09:30 t 01 25 02.55 -29 12 51.7 131.202151 3.196451 n.a. n.a. 1.016407774442 -3.4571068 0.00001472446228 5.6071481 103.0899 /L 76.9106 38.1/ 78.0404 n.a. n.a. 26039.313 77.540081 50.424443 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-16 04:00 Nt 17 54 31.60 -46 25 29.1 160.747033 2.020852 n.a. n.a. 1.016373156186 3.3189892 0.00001546198603 -0.8359721 146.8536 /T 33.1447 90.7/ 70.3010 n.a. n.a. 38773.028 65.439418 -6.576202 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-16 05:40 t 19 05 56.32 -37 38 13.7 162.876556 12.142311 n.a. n.a. 1.016375934682 1.7840818 0.00001018397070 0.1257390 161.9804 /T 18.0185 77.8/ 69.5147 n.a. n.a. 59074.285 73.539599 0.9960259 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-16 07:20 t 20 38 35.99 -31 07 22.9 162.528393 18.892916 n.a. n.a. 1.016374912530 -0.0074357 0.00000804376733 1.5164435 164.0363 /L 15.9647 58.6/ 68.8206 n.a. n.a. 73025.985 80.715443 12.060834 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-16 09:00 t 22 02 25.98 -35 48 27.0 167.220167 15.235938 n.a. n.a. 1.016369786783 -1.8089739 0.00000910039264 2.4113370 146.2723 /L 33.7287 47.4/ 68.2174 n.a. n.a. 62289.269 87.724912 19.391642 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-16 10:40 At 22 54 04.21 -46 33 25.2 177.875058 5.800129 n.a. n.a. 1.016360815939 -3.3726815 0.00001314979503 2.5671124 133.9529 /L 46.0479 51.2/ 67.6864 n.a. n.a. 42861.023 96.550801 20.649245 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-17 05:10 r 14 48 42.17 -39 38 49.9 207.354418 5.581721 n.a. n.a. 1.016322336955 3.4030528 0.00001326780307 -4.4803367 115.1757 /T 64.8223 137.8/ 58.9820 n.a. n.a. 35744.531 98.916230 -38.00775 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-17 06:50 r 15 43 33.92 -27 02 10.5 222.283299 11.136192 n.a. n.a. 1.016325057418 1.8793868 0.00001059344674 -4.6537914 124.8672 /T 55.1310 135.4/ 58.1358 n.a. n.a. 43566.781 103.97252 -39.83260 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-17 08:30 r 17 13 56.82 -24 33 32.7 225.652602 11.785908 n.a. n.a. 1.016323983598 0.0809708 0.00001033550166 -3.8176665 144.8409 /T 35.1575 116.8/ 57.3937 n.a. n.a. 49516.132 111.50772 -31.67641 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-17 10:10 r 18 59 11.36 -32 36 09.4 219.823439 6.150493 n.a. n.a. 1.016318767322 -1.7447869 0.00001296439811 -2.0421877 164.4510 /T 15.5484 94.7/ 56.7516 n.a. n.a. 44644.006 119.45081 -16.26816 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-18 03:10 Ct 19 47 26.66 -26 28 29.2 124.304334 0.083208 n.a. n.a. 1.016272445623 3.7892810 0.00001686269860 3.1815428 174.5586 /T 5.4406 93.1/ 48.8663 n.a. n.a. 32286.850 55.245388 25.804806 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-18 04:50 t 21 36 20.00 -18 27 47.2 117.041375 4.107461 n.a. n.a. 1.016275889399 2.3459254 0.00001415560033 4.8925371 154.8203 /L 25.1807 68.0/ 47.8438 n.a. n.a. 31548.891 64.812040 42.188869 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-18 06:30 t 23 12 43.06 -19 14 30.7 118.233715 4.295152 n.a. n.a. 1.016275643168 0.5589770 0.00001404087722 5.7063087 132.5942 /L 47.4066 49.8/ 46.8967 n.a. n.a. 26577.625 74.920697 51.674927 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-18 08:00 r 14 54 44.17 -14 08 41.0 251.856860 0.010237 n.a. n.a. 1.016269815249 1.9813291 0.00001693624192 -5.8522439 109.8022 /T 70.1956 164.0/ 46.1312 n.a. n.a. 21227.971 106.33901 -53.40192 2025-Jul-18 08:10 t 00 21 09.31 -30 20 06.9 131.235039 1.701727 n.a. n.a. 1.016271196316 -1.3256526 0.00001570230154 5.6900695 119.1281 /L 60.8725 49.1/ 46.0518 n.a. n.a. 23909.980 77.988523 51.425823 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-19 04:20 At 18 22 01.91 -34 57 48.6 157.212162 12.987737 n.a. n.a. 1.016213052187 3.9323634 0.00000986979681 0.9055917 155.4307 /T 24.5679 127.1/ 36.8402 n.a. n.a. 60475.078 71.666500 7.1589877 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-19 06:00 t 19 59 10.77 -29 53 07.1 155.882155 18.008977 n.a. n.a. 1.016216470885 2.4463993 0.00000827717417 2.3710248 170.8926 /L 9.1074 107.5/ 35.8498 n.a. n.a. 68589.966 78.917142 19.064945 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-19 07:40 t 21 16 47.51 -36 37 27.0 162.835507 13.262251 n.a. n.a. 1.016216076108 0.5976316 0.00000976597103 3.0178127 156.0893 /L 23.9116 94.9/ 34.9440 n.a. n.a. 55991.756 85.779762 24.544163 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-19 09:20 t 22 00 29.02 -48 04 29.0 175.435305 4.098769 n.a. n.a. 1.016211319444 -1.3587987 0.00001412753162 2.9356869 142.8537 /L 37.1470 93.0/ 34.1460 n.a. n.a. 39032.081 94.977589 23.773517 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< $$EOE *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** Column meaning: TIME Times PRIOR to 1962 are UT1, a mean-solar time closely related to the prior but now-deprecated GMT. Times AFTER 1962 are in UTC, the current civil or "wall-clock" time-scale. UTC is kept within 0.9 seconds of UT1 using integer leap-seconds for 1972 and later years. Conversion from the internal Barycentric Dynamical Time (TDB) of solar system dynamics to the non-uniform civil UT time-scale requested for output has not been determined for UTC times after the next July or January 1st. Therefore, the last known leap-second is used as a constant over future intervals. Time tags refer to the UT time-scale conversion from TDB on Earth regardless of observer location within the solar system, although clock rates may differ due to the local gravity field and no analog to "UT" may be defined for that location. Any 'b' symbol in the 1st-column denotes a B.C. date. First-column blank (" ") denotes an A.D. date. CALENDAR SYSTEM Mixed calendar mode was active such that calendar dates after AD 1582-Oct-15 (if any) are in the modern Gregorian system. Dates prior to 1582-Oct-5 (if any) are in the Julian calendar system, which is automatically extended for dates prior to its adoption on 45-Jan-1 BC. The Julian calendar is useful for matching historical dates. The Gregorian calendar more accurately corresponds to the Earth's orbital motion and seasons. A "Gregorian-only" calendar mode is available if such physical events are the primary interest. NOTE: "n.a." in output means quantity "not available" at the print-time. SOLAR PRESENCE (OBSERVING SITE) Time tag is followed by a blank, then a solar-presence condition code: '*' Daylight (refracted solar upper-limb on or above apparent horizon) 'C' Civil twilight/dawn 'N' Nautical twilight/dawn 'A' Astronomical twilight/dawn ' ' Night OR geocentric ephemeris LUNAR PRESENCE WITH TARGET RISE/TRANSIT/SET EVENT MARKER (OBSERVING SITE) The solar-presence code column is immediately followed by another marker: 'm' Refracted upper-limb of Moon on or above apparent horizon ' ' Refracted upper-limb of Moon below apparent horizon OR geocentric The lunar presence marker (an ongoing state) can be over-ridden by a target event marker if an event has occurred since the last output step: 'r' Rise (target body on or went above cut-off RTS elevation) 'e' Elevation max (target body maximum elevation angle has occurred) 't' Transit (target body at or passed through observer meridian) 's' Set (target body on or went below cut-off RTS elevation) RTS MARKERS (TVH) Rise and set are with respect to the reference ellipsoid true visual horizon defined by the elevation cut-off angle. Horizon dip and yellow-light refraction (Earth only) are considered. Accuracy is < or = to twice the requested search step-size. 'R.A._____(ICRF)_____DEC' = Astrometric right ascension and declination of the target center with respect to the observing site (coordinate origin) in the reference frame of the planetary ephemeris (ICRF). Compensated for down-leg light-time delay aberration. Units: RA in hours-minutes-seconds of time, HH MM SS.ff{ffff} DEC in degrees-minutes-seconds of arc, sDD MN SC.f{ffff} 'Azi____(a-app)___Elev' = Airless apparent azimuth and elevation of target center. Compensated for light-time, the gravitational deflection of light, stellar aberration, precession and nutation. Azimuth is measured clockwise from north: North(0) -> East(90) -> South(180) -> West(270) -> North (360) Elevation angle is with respect to a plane perpendicular to the reference surface local zenith direction. TOPOCENTRIC ONLY. Units: DEGREES 'APmag S-brt' = The targets' approximate apparent visual magnitude and surface brightness. For planets and natural satellites, output is restricted to solar phase angles covered by observational data. Outside the observed phase angle range, "n.a." may be output to avoid extrapolation beyond the limit of model validity. For Earth-based observers, the estimated dimming due to atmospheric absorption (extinction) is available as a separate, requestable quantity. Surface brightness is the average airless visual magnitude of a square-arcsecond of the illuminated portion of the apparent disk. It is computed only if the target radius is known. Units: MAGNITUDES & MAGNITUDES PER SQUARE ARCSECOND 'r rdot' = The Sun's apparent range ("r", light-time aberrated) and range-rate ("rdot") relative to the target center, as seen by the observer. A positive "rdot" means the target center was moving away from the Sun, negative means moving toward the Sun. Units: AU and KM/S 'delta deldot' = Apparent range ("delta", light-time aberrated) and range-rate ("delta-dot") of the target center relative to the observer. A positive "deldot" means the target center is moving away from the observer, negative indicates movement toward the observer. Units: AU and KM/S 'S-O-T /r' = Sun-Observer-Target apparent SOLAR ELONGATION ANGLE seen from the observers' location at print-time. The '/r' column provides a code indicating the targets' apparent position relative to the Sun in the observers' sky, as described below: Case A: For an observing location on the surface of a rotating body, that body rotational sense is considered: /T indicates target TRAILS Sun (evening sky: rises and sets AFTER Sun) /L indicates target LEADS Sun (morning sky: rises and sets BEFORE Sun) Case B: For an observing point that does not have a rotational model (such as a spacecraft), the "leading" and "trailing" condition is defined by the observers' heliocentric ORBITAL motion: * If continuing in the observers' current direction of heliocentric motion would encounter the targets' apparent longitude first, followed by the Sun's, the target LEADS the Sun as seen by the observer. * If the Sun's apparent longitude would be encountered first, followed by the targets', the target TRAILS the Sun. Two other codes can be output: /* indicates observer is Sun-centered (undefined) /? Target is aligned with Sun center (no lead or trail) The S-O-T solar elongation angle is numerically the minimum separation angle of the Sun and target in the sky in any direction. It does NOT indicate the amount of separation in the leading or trailing directions, which would be defined along the equator of a spherical coordinate system. Units: DEGREES 'S-T-O' = The Sun-Target-Observer angle; the interior vertex angle at target center formed by a vector from the target to the apparent center of the Sun (at reflection time on the target) and the apparent vector from target to the observer at print-time. Slightly different from true PHASE ANGLE (requestable separately) at the few arcsecond level in that it includes stellar aberration on the down-leg from target to observer. Units: DEGREES 'T-O-M/MN_Illu%' = Target-Observer-Moon LUNAR ELONGATION angle and illuminated percentage. The apparent lunar elongation angle between target body center and Moon center, seen from the observing site, along with fraction of the lunar disk illuminated by the Sun. A negative lunar elongation angle indicates the target center is behind the Moon. Units: DEGREES & PERCENT 'RA_3sigma DEC_3sigma' = Uncertainty in Right-Ascension and Declination. Output values are the formal +/- 3 standard-deviations (sigmas) around nominal position. Units: ARCSECONDS 'Sky_motion Sky_mot_PA RelVel-ANG' = Total apparent angular rate of the target in the plane-of-sky. "Sky_mot_PA" is the position angle of the target's direction of motion in the plane-of-sky, measured counter-clockwise from the apparent of-date north pole direction. "RelVel-ANG" is the flight path angle of the target's relative motion with respect to the observer's line-of-sight, in the range [-90,+90], where positive values indicate motion away from the observer, negative values are toward the observer: -90 = target is moving directly toward the observer 0 = target is moving at right angles to the observer's line-of-sight +90 = target is moving directly away from the observer UNITS: ARCSECONDS/MINUTE, DEGREES, DEGREES Computations by ... Solar System Dynamics Group, Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Pasadena, CA 91109 USA General site: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ Mailing list: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/email_list.html System news : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/news.html User Guide : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/manual.html Connect : browser https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/app.html#/x API https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/doc/horizons.html command-line telnet ssd.jpl.nasa.gov 6775 e-mail/batch https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/horizons_batch.txt scripts https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/SCRIPTS Author : Jon.D.Giorgini@jpl.nasa.gov ***************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************