API VERSION: 1.2 API SOURCE: NASA/JPL Horizons API ******************************************************************************* Revised: Mar 13, 2026 Hubble Space Telescope -48 http://hubblesite.org BACKGROUND: Launched: April 24, 1990 [from space shuttle Discovery (STS-31)] Deployed: April 25, 1990 NOTE: HST ephemeris data can be unreliable during times of the following space shuttle servicing missions Servicing Mission 1 : 1993 (December 02-14) Servicing Mission 2 : 1997 (February 11-21) Servicing Mission 3A: 1999 (December 19-28) Servicing Mission 3B: 2002 (March 01-12) Servicing Mission 4 : 2009 (May 11-25) HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE: Length : 43.5 ft (13.2 m) Weight : 24,500 lb (11,110 kg) Maximum Diameter: 14 ft (4.2 m) Data return : ~120 Gigabytes (GB)/week Generic orbit facts: Altitude : 569 km, or 353 miles Inclination : 28.5 deg. to equator Orbit period : 97 minutes Orbital speed: 28,000 kph (17500 mph) SPACECRAFT TRAJECTORY: The trajectory here is a concatenation of publicly released JSpOC two-line elements. These can usually only be propagated reliably "days" into the future, and are updated frequently to maintain accuracy. ******************************************************************************* ******************************************************************************* Ephemeris / API_USER Fri Mar 13 13:52:22 2026 Pasadena, USA / Horizons ******************************************************************************* Target body name: Hubble Space Telescope (spacecraft) (-48) {source: hst} Center body name: Earth (399) {source: DE441} Center-site name: iTelescope Obs., Siding Spring ******************************************************************************* Start time : A.D. 2025-Jul-19 00:00:00.0000 UT Stop time : A.D. 2025-Aug-01 00:00:00.0000 UT Step-size : 10 minutes ******************************************************************************* Target pole/equ : undefined Target radii : undefined Center geodetic : 149.0644, -31.2733577, 1.16499 {E-lon(deg),Lat(deg),Alt(km)} Center cylindric: 149.0644,5457.31536,-3292.4397 {E-lon(deg),Dxy(km),Dz(km)} Center pole/equ : ITRF93 {East-longitude positive} Center radii : 6378.137, 6378.137, 6356.752 km {Equator_a, b, pole_c} Target primary : Earth Vis. interferer : MOON (R_eq= 1737.400) km {source: DE441} Rel. light bend : Sun {source: DE441} Rel. lght bnd GM: 1.3271E+11 km^3/s^2 Atmos refraction: NO (AIRLESS) RA format : HMS Time format : CAL Calendar mode : Mixed Julian/Gregorian RTS-only print : NO EOP file : eop.260312.p260608 EOP coverage : DATA-BASED 1962-JAN-20 TO 2026-MAR-12. PREDICTS-> 2026-JUN-07 Units conversion: 1 au= 149597870.700 km, c= 299792.458 km/s, 1 day= 86400.0 s Table cut-offs 1: Elevation ( 0.0deg=YES),Airmass (>38.000=NO), Daylight (YES) Table cut-offs 2: Solar elongation ( 12.0,180.0=YES),Local Hour Angle( 0.0=NO ) Table cut-offs 3: RA/DEC angular rate ( 0.0=NO ) *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** Date__(UT)__HR:MN R.A._____(ICRF)_____DEC Azi____(a-app)___Elev APmag S-brt r rdot delta deldot S-O-T /r S-T-O T-O-M/MN_Illu% RA_3sigma DEC_3sigma Sky_motion Sky_mot_PA RelVel-ANG *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** $$SOE >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-19 20:40 Cr 01 13 58.66 +50 28 22.0 348.563593 6.574029 n.a. n.a. 1.016152548961 -5.4628448 0.00001281545074 -3.8938219 80.5890 /L 99.4093 35.5/ 29.2486 n.a. n.a. 39539.501 90.279734 -32.44418 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Solar Elongation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-21 19:50 At 04 58 49.85 +31 51 40.1 40.675693 11.793383 n.a. n.a. 1.016019555289 -5.9573440 0.00001043743222 1.7862509 42.8541 /L 137.1449 4.878/ 11.1095 n.a. n.a. 55763.254 123.90194 14.243435 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-22 19:20 r 00 23 05.59 +48 32 23.4 350.860406 9.109171 n.a. n.a. 1.015956420832 -5.7101096 0.00001155093948 -3.5777500 90.9557 /L 89.0430 68.4/ 5.0378 n.a. n.a. 45208.498 92.684856 -29.54247 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-23 19:00 t 06 34 53.78 +08 12 05.8 79.500148 1.476010 n.a. n.a. 1.015863066820 -6.5061264 0.00001602739900 5.4431978 26.3024 /L 153.6973 22.1/ 1.3439 n.a. n.a. 24938.886 119.36190 48.404418 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-23 20:30 Nr 21 49 10.88 +22 31 32.1 299.177784 3.415672 n.a. n.a. 1.015868473222 -6.0959402 0.00001469376859 -6.4009019 131.3833 /L 48.6154 119.6/ 1.2136 n.a. n.a. 19171.421 89.092908 -61.98684 2025-Jul-23 20:40 Ct 08 25 03.60 +00 45 12.0 87.184405 3.334031 n.a. n.a. 1.015842698084 -6.2904248 0.00001481914386 6.4062804 19.4523 /T 160.5479 29.8/ 1.2008 n.a. n.a. 18967.421 94.957617 62.058896 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-24 16:50 t 02 49 11.29 +40 02 41.7 40.660268 0.393813 n.a. n.a. 1.015807494398 -4.8066007 0.00001668902354 0.9926643 71.1847 /L 108.8143 68.8/ 0.1365 n.a. n.a. 35777.165 132.94465 7.8320002 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-24 18:30 t 04 16 39.71 +25 56 04.0 49.064487 12.138230 n.a. n.a. 1.015788840883 -6.2343360 0.00001029972269 2.7791549 55.0328 /L 124.9667 55.0/ 0.1391 n.a. n.a. 53853.938 124.34820 22.512133 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-24 20:10 Nt 06 08 17.59 +06 46 10.1 66.092114 22.829389 n.a. n.a. 1.015767817721 -6.8080204 0.00000724843572 4.9404488 33.6540 /L 146.3457 37.1/ 0.1563 n.a. n.a. 60298.198 106.68733 43.077231 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Solar Elongation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-25 16:20 r 23 43 37.50 +57 43 10.8 9.733052 -0.482477 n.a. n.a. 1.015723918639 -3.2179684 0.00001729129219 -2.3267825 91.9149 /L 88.0837 96.2/ 1.0689 n.a. n.a. 32975.895 113.36526 -18.65013 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-25 18:00 r 23 43 24.95 +46 11 13.8 355.351300 12.171074 n.a. n.a. 1.015707816771 -5.2830040 0.00001025054276 -3.0184050 99.7879 /L 80.2111 106.3/ 1.2768 n.a. n.a. 53229.403 96.620445 -24.58816 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-25 19:40 Ar 23 52 17.50 +22 26 44.1 328.686960 29.204109 n.a. n.a. 1.015687725249 -6.6295511 0.00000610810800 -4.0146448 113.3295 /L 66.6698 124.1/ 1.4821 n.a. n.a. 81457.821 90.520533 -33.72146 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-26 17:30 r 20 14 41.80 +43 03 28.9 324.703574 1.502178 n.a. n.a. 1.015618796402 -3.7419912 0.00001588870992 -5.6117416 117.5653 /T 62.4331 117.5/ 4.5117 n.a. n.a. 24014.735 77.857764 -50.58105 2025-Jul-26 17:40 t 05 39 52.40 +05 25 24.2 83.574341 0.095913 n.a. n.a. 1.015596958713 -6.7549352 0.00001701317491 5.7709337 42.2287 /L 137.7710 65.5/ 4.5523 n.a. n.a. 21582.363 114.89175 52.434208 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-26 19:10 r 20 47 35.11 +20 18 28.3 298.300805 6.012037 n.a. n.a. 1.015601117533 -5.7600424 0.00001315280630 -6.3670412 139.9462 /L 40.0526 140.4/ 4.9107 n.a. n.a. 21749.075 89.611734 -61.49289 2025-Jul-26 19:20 t 07 26 46.62 +00 32 32.3 88.652576 1.268794 n.a. n.a. 1.015574016917 -7.2646158 0.00001619057456 6.4987854 23.4473 /L 156.5525 42.2/ 4.9494 n.a. n.a. 16478.602 89.878560 63.606088 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-27 15:30 t 01 59 16.33 +34 56 42.4 46.870446 1.067162 n.a. n.a. 1.015523177008 -3.6987369 0.00001620854158 1.7472755 84.6569 /L 95.3424 116.5/ 9.0119 n.a. n.a. 36106.117 133.21744 13.875637 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-27 17:10 t 03 37 45.63 +19 23 11.7 58.644824 11.402707 n.a. n.a. 1.015505149778 -5.7996311 0.00001058985327 3.8257024 67.8392 /L 112.1606 103.8/ 9.5847 n.a. n.a. 48184.628 123.62093 31.808076 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-27 18:50 t 05 33 17.70 +03 16 42.7 74.321754 18.173820 n.a. n.a. 1.015483138956 -7.1077935 0.00000835522677 5.6497684 45.4710 /L 134.5290 79.9/ 10.1572 n.a. n.a. 44736.261 102.37974 51.348395 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-27 20:30 Ct 07 07 03.93 +04 21 10.9 72.464877 18.923672 n.a. n.a. 1.015459188336 -7.4366006 0.00000816101271 6.0623256 24.6740 /L 155.3257 57.6/ 10.7024 n.a. n.a. 39869.747 85.628997 57.023795 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Solar Elongation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-28 15:00 t 23 03 03.37 +54 27 08.5 14.423748 1.381197 n.a. n.a. 1.015419928198 -1.6673715 0.00001594216065 -1.7787563 99.7838 /L 80.2150 122.0/ 15.3638 n.a. n.a. 36600.496 117.13382 -14.15005 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-28 16:40 t 23 19 01.77 +42 45 58.1 3.347756 15.712134 n.a. n.a. 1.015405690626 -4.2455308 0.00000901512541 -2.0573719 107.2881 /L 72.7112 134.2/ 16.0540 n.a. n.a. 63804.327 102.48699 -16.47957 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-28 18:20 r 23 45 22.17 +18 42 06.9 343.010850 38.095584 n.a. n.a. 1.015386118905 -6.2516272 0.00000505111601 -2.4622545 119.4184 /L 60.5815 158.7/ 16.7644 n.a. n.a. 111320.75 94.683024 -19.91044 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-28 20:00 Nr 00 52 19.59 +01 47 02.8 323.177758 50.569477 n.a. n.a. 1.015362860512 -7.4007118 0.00000417027027 -2.4383133 112.8587 /L 67.1411 161.9/ 17.4619 n.a. n.a. 134842.70 88.843438 -19.73186 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-29 16:10 r 19 21 22.74 +41 40 11.0 325.855708 4.398049 n.a. n.a. 1.015297755656 -2.2459103 0.00001402047707 -5.4732723 117.2899 /T 62.7084 104.3/ 23.6318 n.a. n.a. 28133.787 78.996005 -48.93683 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-29 17:50 r 19 50 44.00 +18 03 53.6 298.126851 9.552796 n.a. n.a. 1.015281866342 -4.7743301 0.00001137753370 -6.2780413 141.6733 /T 38.3254 112.8/ 24.4297 n.a. n.a. 26223.415 89.892919 -60.12287 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-29 19:30 Ar 20 53 40.73 +02 28 31.6 279.857432 10.966030 n.a. n.a. 1.015260847542 -6.6555079 0.00001079819446 -6.4116846 158.4422 /L 21.5572 127.7/ 25.2396 n.a. n.a. 25648.450 96.117151 -62.42790 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-30 14:10 t 01 12 17.20 +29 01 08.1 54.305769 1.258830 n.a. n.a. 1.015187104774 -2.1481925 0.00001608324997 2.6152317 98.7745 /L 81.2252 158.5/ 31.3342 n.a. n.a. 34993.630 132.88366 21.029277 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-30 15:50 t 02 59 15.50 +13 03 49.2 68.150465 9.527389 n.a. n.a. 1.015171085088 -4.7196284 0.00001139571531 4.7611622 81.2331 /L 98.7671 149.5/ 32.0980 n.a. n.a. 39778.749 121.13037 40.987020 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-30 17:30 t 04 53 33.55 +01 17 30.7 80.125075 13.290406 n.a. n.a. 1.015149831304 -6.6517109 0.00000989114750 6.1094789 57.9188 /L 122.0813 121.6/ 32.9346 n.a. n.a. 32435.210 97.026253 57.593341 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-30 19:10 t 06 20 39.53 +06 19 30.0 74.001861 13.281588 n.a. n.a. 1.015125136609 -7.6707235 0.00000989344321 6.3227393 35.9458 /L 144.0541 101.9/ 33.8094 n.a. n.a. 29336.126 84.016495 60.974201 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-31 13:40 t 22 29 41.79 +49 53 12.6 21.204761 3.238708 n.a. n.a. 1.015065536136 0.1213745 0.00001471693468 -0.9704015 107.9185 /L 72.0805 127.4/ 40.2953 n.a. n.a. 40519.782 121.57290 -7.662608 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-31 15:20 t 23 11 37.75 +37 04 44.0 16.461923 19.087870 n.a. n.a. 1.015054146207 -2.7176810 0.00000805974143 -0.5080071 114.5719 /L 65.4278 139.7/ 41.0187 n.a. n.a. 74220.036 109.81682 -4.014488 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-31 17:00 t 00 14 09.76 +12 48 28.6 14.105099 44.696335 n.a. n.a. 1.015036580316 -5.2013927 0.00000451474725 0.3680719 119.4646 /L 60.5358 158.4/ 41.8391 n.a. n.a. 132266.36 98.985019 2.9220144 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-31 18:40 t 01 39 36.12 +03 35 16.2 11.259064 54.458140 n.a. n.a. 1.015014066075 -6.9780384 0.00000397503496 0.9604844 103.9758 /L 76.0245 169.3/ 42.7277 n.a. n.a. 148972.73 87.477020 7.6435934 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-31 20:20 Nr 02 42 04.69 +27 36 46.6 357.031512 30.941406 n.a. n.a. 1.014988528571 -7.7961325 0.00000585507684 1.2295298 82.0684 /L 97.9313 162.4/ 43.6449 n.a. n.a. 100743.91 79.577089 9.7833686 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< $$EOE *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** Column meaning: TIME Times PRIOR to 1962 are UT1, a mean-solar time closely related to the prior but now-deprecated GMT. Times AFTER 1962 are in UTC, the current civil or "wall-clock" time-scale. UTC is kept within 0.9 seconds of UT1 using integer leap-seconds for 1972 and later years. Conversion from the internal Barycentric Dynamical Time (TDB) of solar system dynamics to the non-uniform civil UT time-scale requested for output has not been determined for UTC times after the next July or January 1st. Therefore, the last known leap-second is used as a constant over future intervals. Time tags refer to the UT time-scale conversion from TDB on Earth regardless of observer location within the solar system, although clock rates may differ due to the local gravity field and no analog to "UT" may be defined for that location. Any 'b' symbol in the 1st-column denotes a B.C. date. First-column blank (" ") denotes an A.D. date. CALENDAR SYSTEM Mixed calendar mode was active such that calendar dates after AD 1582-Oct-15 (if any) are in the modern Gregorian system. Dates prior to 1582-Oct-5 (if any) are in the Julian calendar system, which is automatically extended for dates prior to its adoption on 45-Jan-1 BC. The Julian calendar is useful for matching historical dates. The Gregorian calendar more accurately corresponds to the Earth's orbital motion and seasons. A "Gregorian-only" calendar mode is available if such physical events are the primary interest. NOTE: "n.a." in output means quantity "not available" at the print-time. SOLAR PRESENCE (OBSERVING SITE) Time tag is followed by a blank, then a solar-presence condition code: '*' Daylight (refracted solar upper-limb on or above apparent horizon) 'C' Civil twilight/dawn 'N' Nautical twilight/dawn 'A' Astronomical twilight/dawn ' ' Night OR geocentric ephemeris LUNAR PRESENCE WITH TARGET RISE/TRANSIT/SET EVENT MARKER (OBSERVING SITE) The solar-presence code column is immediately followed by another marker: 'm' Refracted upper-limb of Moon on or above apparent horizon ' ' Refracted upper-limb of Moon below apparent horizon OR geocentric The lunar presence marker (an ongoing state) can be over-ridden by a target event marker if an event has occurred since the last output step: 'r' Rise (target body on or went above cut-off RTS elevation) 'e' Elevation max (target body maximum elevation angle has occurred) 't' Transit (target body at or passed through observer meridian) 's' Set (target body on or went below cut-off RTS elevation) RTS MARKERS (TVH) Rise and set are with respect to the reference ellipsoid true visual horizon defined by the elevation cut-off angle. Horizon dip and yellow-light refraction (Earth only) are considered. Accuracy is < or = to twice the requested search step-size. 'R.A._____(ICRF)_____DEC' = Astrometric right ascension and declination of the target center with respect to the observing site (coordinate origin) in the reference frame of the planetary ephemeris (ICRF). Compensated for down-leg light-time delay aberration. Units: RA in hours-minutes-seconds of time, HH MM SS.ff{ffff} DEC in degrees-minutes-seconds of arc, sDD MN SC.f{ffff} 'Azi____(a-app)___Elev' = Airless apparent azimuth and elevation of target center. Compensated for light-time, the gravitational deflection of light, stellar aberration, precession and nutation. Azimuth is measured clockwise from north: North(0) -> East(90) -> South(180) -> West(270) -> North (360) Elevation angle is with respect to a plane perpendicular to the reference surface local zenith direction. TOPOCENTRIC ONLY. Units: DEGREES 'APmag S-brt' = The targets' approximate apparent visual magnitude and surface brightness. For planets and natural satellites, output is restricted to solar phase angles covered by observational data. Outside the observed phase angle range, "n.a." may be output to avoid extrapolation beyond the limit of model validity. For Earth-based observers, the estimated dimming due to atmospheric absorption (extinction) is available as a separate, requestable quantity. Surface brightness is the average airless visual magnitude of a square-arcsecond of the illuminated portion of the apparent disk. It is computed only if the target radius is known. Units: MAGNITUDES & MAGNITUDES PER SQUARE ARCSECOND 'r rdot' = The Sun's apparent range ("r", light-time aberrated) and range-rate ("rdot") relative to the target center, as seen by the observer. A positive "rdot" means the target center was moving away from the Sun, negative means moving toward the Sun. Units: AU and KM/S 'delta deldot' = Apparent range ("delta", light-time aberrated) and range-rate ("delta-dot") of the target center relative to the observer. A positive "deldot" means the target center is moving away from the observer, negative indicates movement toward the observer. Units: AU and KM/S 'S-O-T /r' = Sun-Observer-Target apparent SOLAR ELONGATION ANGLE seen from the observers' location at print-time. The '/r' column provides a code indicating the targets' apparent position relative to the Sun in the observers' sky, as described below: Case A: For an observing location on the surface of a rotating body, that body rotational sense is considered: /T indicates target TRAILS Sun (evening sky: rises and sets AFTER Sun) /L indicates target LEADS Sun (morning sky: rises and sets BEFORE Sun) Case B: For an observing point that does not have a rotational model (such as a spacecraft), the "leading" and "trailing" condition is defined by the observers' heliocentric ORBITAL motion: * If continuing in the observers' current direction of heliocentric motion would encounter the targets' apparent longitude first, followed by the Sun's, the target LEADS the Sun as seen by the observer. * If the Sun's apparent longitude would be encountered first, followed by the targets', the target TRAILS the Sun. Two other codes can be output: /* indicates observer is Sun-centered (undefined) /? Target is aligned with Sun center (no lead or trail) The S-O-T solar elongation angle is numerically the minimum separation angle of the Sun and target in the sky in any direction. It does NOT indicate the amount of separation in the leading or trailing directions, which would be defined along the equator of a spherical coordinate system. Units: DEGREES 'S-T-O' = The Sun-Target-Observer angle; the interior vertex angle at target center formed by a vector from the target to the apparent center of the Sun (at reflection time on the target) and the apparent vector from target to the observer at print-time. Slightly different from true PHASE ANGLE (requestable separately) at the few arcsecond level in that it includes stellar aberration on the down-leg from target to observer. Units: DEGREES 'T-O-M/MN_Illu%' = Target-Observer-Moon LUNAR ELONGATION angle and illuminated percentage. The apparent lunar elongation angle between target body center and Moon center, seen from the observing site, along with fraction of the lunar disk illuminated by the Sun. A negative lunar elongation angle indicates the target center is behind the Moon. Units: DEGREES & PERCENT 'RA_3sigma DEC_3sigma' = Uncertainty in Right-Ascension and Declination. Output values are the formal +/- 3 standard-deviations (sigmas) around nominal position. Units: ARCSECONDS 'Sky_motion Sky_mot_PA RelVel-ANG' = Total apparent angular rate of the target in the plane-of-sky. "Sky_mot_PA" is the position angle of the target's direction of motion in the plane-of-sky, measured counter-clockwise from the apparent of-date north pole direction. "RelVel-ANG" is the flight path angle of the target's relative motion with respect to the observer's line-of-sight, in the range [-90,+90], where positive values indicate motion away from the observer, negative values are toward the observer: -90 = target is moving directly toward the observer 0 = target is moving at right angles to the observer's line-of-sight +90 = target is moving directly away from the observer UNITS: ARCSECONDS/MINUTE, DEGREES, DEGREES Computations by ... Solar System Dynamics Group, Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Pasadena, CA 91109 USA General site: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ Mailing list: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/email_list.html System news : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/news.html User Guide : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/manual.html Connect : browser https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/app.html#/x API https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/doc/horizons.html command-line telnet ssd.jpl.nasa.gov 6775 e-mail/batch https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/horizons_batch.txt scripts https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/SCRIPTS Author : Jon.D.Giorgini@jpl.nasa.gov ***************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************