API VERSION: 1.2 API SOURCE: NASA/JPL Horizons API ******************************************************************************* Revised: Apr 15, 2026 INTEGRAL Spacecraft (gamma-ray observatory) -198 http://www.esa.int/export/esaMI/Integral/ESAR0RPV16D_0.html INTEGRAL (INTErnational Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory): Deployment (Proton) = Oct 17, 2002 Diameter/length (meters) = 3.7/5 m ORBITAL DATA: Inclination = 51 degrees Orbital period = ~72 hours Apogee altitude = ~ 155000 km Perigee altitude = ~9,000 km The spacecraft will spend most of its time above an altitude of 40,000 km (outside Earth's radiation belts), thus minimizing background radiation effects. Will study black holes, neutron stars, active galactic nuclei and supernovae, providing information on formation of new chemical elements and gamma-ray bursts. ESA mission. WEIGHTS & PROPULSION: Launch Mass: 4 tonnes SPACECRAFT TRAJECTORY Launch to 2005-Jan-31 JPL Multi-Mission Navigation Team, merged solutions: OD0018_021017, OD0020_021019, OD0022_021021, OD0030_021029, OD0035_021108, OD0037_021119, OD0040_021129, OD0042_021206, OD0045_021216, OD0047_021222, OD0051_030102, OD0053_030108, OD0057_030120, OD0060_030127, OD0062_030207, OD0066_030219, OD0068_030228, OD0071_030310, OD0075_030321, OD0079_030402, OD0084_030416, OD0089_030502, OD0090_030505, OD0097_030529, OD0105_030624, OD0113_030721, OD0122_030817, OD0127_030907, OD0131_030919, OD0134_031001, OD0141_031022, OD0148_031117, OD0153_031201, OD0157_031212, OD0163_031230, OD0169_040126, OD0179_040222, OD0182_040302, OD0184_040309, OD0192_040401, OD0202_040428, OD0209_040521, OD0212_040530, OD0219_040620, OD0227_040714, OD0236_040810, OD0240_040822, OD0246_040906, OD0251_040927, OD0256_041015, OD0260_041101, OD0267_041123, OD0277_041215, OD0285_050101. 2005-Jan-31 to 2015-Jan-01: JSpOC TLEs 2015-Jan-01 to 2015-Dec-02: ESA-provided ephemeris 2015-Dec-02 to PRESENT : JSpOC TLEs NOTE: The ESA ephemeris is used for much of 2015 since TLE's issued by JSpOC were based on an obsolete predictive ephemeris for the spacecraft that did not reflect January 2015 maneuvering of INTEGRAL to a different orbit. http://sci.esa.int/integral/55345-integral-manoeuvres-for-the-future/ ******************************************************************************* ******************************************************************************* Ephemeris / API_USER Wed Apr 15 18:11:40 2026 Pasadena, USA / Horizons ******************************************************************************* Target body name: INTEGRAL (spacecraft) (-198) {source: integral_merged} Center body name: Earth (399) {source: DE441} Center-site name: iTelescope Obs., Siding Spring ******************************************************************************* Start time : A.D. 2025-Jul-19 00:00:00.0000 UT Stop time : A.D. 2025-Aug-01 00:00:00.0000 UT Step-size : 10 minutes ******************************************************************************* Target pole/equ : undefined Target radii : undefined Center geodetic : 149.0644, -31.2733577, 1.16499 {E-lon(deg),Lat(deg),Alt(km)} Center cylindric: 149.0644,5457.31536,-3292.4397 {E-lon(deg),Dxy(km),Dz(km)} Center pole/equ : ITRF93 {East-longitude positive} Center radii : 6378.137, 6378.137, 6356.752 km {Equator_a, b, pole_c} Target primary : Earth Vis. interferer : MOON (R_eq= 1737.400) km {source: DE441} Rel. light bend : Sun {source: DE441} Rel. lght bnd GM: 1.3271E+11 km^3/s^2 Atmos refraction: NO (AIRLESS) RA format : HMS Time format : CAL Calendar mode : Mixed Julian/Gregorian RTS-only print : NO EOP file : eop.260415.p260711 EOP coverage : DATA-BASED 1962-JAN-20 TO 2026-APR-15. PREDICTS-> 2026-JUL-10 Units conversion: 1 au= 149597870.700 km, c= 299792.458 km/s, 1 day= 86400.0 s Table cut-offs 1: Elevation ( 0.0deg=YES),Airmass (>38.000=NO), Daylight (YES) Table cut-offs 2: Solar elongation ( 12.0,180.0=YES),Local Hour Angle( 0.0=NO ) Table cut-offs 3: RA/DEC angular rate ( 0.0=NO ) *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** Date__(UT)__HR:MN R.A._____(ICRF)_____DEC Azi____(a-app)___Elev APmag S-brt r rdot delta deldot S-O-T /r S-T-O T-O-M/MN_Illu% RA_3sigma DEC_3sigma Sky_motion Sky_mot_PA RelVel-ANG *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** $$SOE >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-23 15:10 t 07 51 47.49 -60 11 20.8 170.153721 3.012346 n.a. n.a. 1.015903731983 3.5192835 0.00005997956650 -2.5083223 80.2954 /L 99.7009 87.8/ 1.8287 n.a. n.a. 10256.446 247.85845 -18.63557 2025-Jul-23 15:20 03 51 50.09 -56 00 52.6 143.313150 21.602712 n.a. n.a. 1.015916187713 2.6697072 0.00005488226570 0.0751991 93.4979 /L 86.4990 93.4/ 1.8028 n.a. n.a. 11406.303 305.95527 0.5742800 2025-Jul-23 15:30 02 01 58.62 -33 47 46.3 111.887572 33.987204 n.a. n.a. 1.015925200542 1.8440550 0.00006024953713 2.4308436 102.8761 /L 77.1210 95.5/ 1.7772 n.a. n.a. 9171.6424 330.47328 20.000673 2025-Jul-23 15:40 01 21 37.94 -14 33 35.3 84.582021 37.137628 n.a. n.a. 1.015931224721 1.1889016 0.00007281813170 3.6602936 106.4140 /L 73.5827 94.8/ 1.7521 n.a. n.a. 6268.3212 338.29431 33.561723 2025-Jul-23 15:50 e 01 01 41.24 -00 58 35.0 65.394808 35.761194 n.a. n.a. 1.015934977808 0.7066790 0.00008860578010 4.1245318 106.7371 /L 73.2589 93.1/ 1.7275 n.a. n.a. 4292.0001 341.76424 41.899833 2025-Jul-23 16:00 00 49 37.23 +08 41 08.9 52.255364 33.208647 n.a. n.a. 1.015937075527 0.3565875 0.00010546314101 4.2432228 105.8822 /L 74.1129 91.4/ 1.7033 n.a. n.a. 3089.7752 343.67374 47.129884 2025-Jul-23 16:10 00 41 18.70 +15 52 17.4 42.767228 30.598614 n.a. n.a. 1.015937966856 0.0996815 0.00012246746674 4.2190539 104.6905 /L 75.3037 90.0/ 1.6796 n.a. n.a. 2339.6821 344.81887 50.615730 2025-Jul-23 16:20 00 35 03.90 +21 27 01.0 35.488197 28.202625 n.a. n.a. 1.015937965409 -0.0923854 0.00013924162639 4.1374366 103.4630 /L 76.5302 88.7/ 1.6563 n.a. n.a. 1846.4373 345.51004 53.087827 2025-Jul-23 16:30 00 30 03.97 +25 56 09.5 29.618610 26.049390 n.a. n.a. 1.015937290213 -0.2388531 0.00015563803665 4.0346229 102.3016 /L 77.6906 87.7/ 1.6334 n.a. n.a. 1505.0571 345.90200 54.938175 2025-Jul-23 16:40 00 25 52.70 +29 38 37.8 24.701852 24.107042 n.a. n.a. 1.015936096613 -0.3526401 0.00017160771836 3.9264254 101.2358 /L 78.7555 86.7/ 1.6110 n.a. n.a. 1258.1857 346.08498 56.386939 2025-Jul-23 16:50 00 22 14.87 +32 46 34.6 20.463435 22.334439 n.a. n.a. 1.015934497032 -0.4425113 0.00018714498061 3.8198093 100.2685 /L 79.7219 86.0/ 1.5891 n.a. n.a. 1073.0321 346.11692 57.564424 2025-Jul-23 17:00 00 19 01.05 +35 28 09.0 16.729716 20.694646 n.a. n.a. 1.015932574541 -0.5145218 0.00020226301885 3.7177428 99.3933 /L 80.5961 85.3/ 1.5676 n.a. n.a. 929.91384 346.03743 58.551634 2025-Jul-23 17:10 00 16 05.11 +37 49 01.3 13.385753 19.157516 n.a. n.a. 1.015930391739 -0.5729402 0.00021698272707 3.6213310 98.6011 /L 81.3875 84.7/ 1.5465 n.a. n.a. 816.47368 345.87493 59.401154 2025-Jul-23 17:20 00 13 22.93 +39 53 16.5 10.352421 17.699231 n.a. n.a. 1.015927996663 -0.6208366 0.00023132744354 3.5307986 97.8823 /L 82.1055 84.2/ 1.5260 n.a. n.a. 724.63912 345.65056 60.148421 2025-Jul-23 17:30 00 10 51.62 +41 43 55.9 7.573400 16.301188 n.a. n.a. 1.015925426776 -0.6604617 0.00024532047592 3.4459601 97.2282 /L 82.7587 83.7/ 1.5058 n.a. n.a. 648.95135 345.38059 60.818093 2025-Jul-23 17:40 00 08 29.14 +43 23 16.8 5.007427 14.948895 n.a. n.a. 1.015922711725 -0.6934943 0.00025898397209 3.3664500 96.6311 /L 83.3550 83.3/ 1.4861 n.a. n.a. 585.60657 345.07794 61.427794 2025-Jul-23 17:50 00 06 14.02 +44 53 05.5 2.623504 13.631060 n.a. n.a. 1.015919875284 -0.7212073 0.00027233845523 3.2918374 96.0843 /L 83.9011 83.0/ 1.4669 n.a. n.a. 531.88404 344.75312 61.990418 2025-Jul-23 18:00 00 04 05.14 +46 14 45.8 0.397829 12.338874 n.a. n.a. 1.015916936740 -0.7445801 0.00028540268972 3.2216829 95.5817 /L 84.4029 82.6/ 1.4480 n.a. n.a. 485.79274 344.41492 62.515574 2025-Jul-23 18:10 t 00 02 01.71 +47 29 24.9 358.311773 11.065462 n.a. n.a. 1.015913911905 -0.7643760 0.00029819370807 3.1555658 95.1184 /L 84.8655 82.3/ 1.4296 n.a. n.a. 445.84606 344.07086 63.010540 2025-Jul-23 18:20 00 00 03.12 +48 37 57.3 356.350501 9.805462 n.a. n.a. 1.015910813869 -0.7811977 0.00031072691336 3.0930958 94.6900 /L 85.2932 82.1/ 1.4117 n.a. n.a. 410.91412 343.72753 63.480896 2025-Jul-23 18:30 23 58 08.92 +49 41 07.9 354.502018 8.554705 n.a. n.a. 1.015907653560 -0.7955259 0.00032301621167 3.0339171 94.2926 /L 85.6898 81.8/ 1.3941 n.a. n.a. 380.12452 343.39082 63.930959 2025-Jul-23 18:40 23 56 18.76 +50 39 34.3 352.756492 7.309963 n.a. n.a. 1.015904440171 -0.8077481 0.00033507415212 2.9777088 93.9229 /L 86.0588 81.6/ 1.3770 n.a. n.a. 352.79413 343.06607 64.364087 2025-Jul-23 18:50 23 54 32.40 +51 33 47.7 351.105766 6.068765 n.a. n.a. 1.015901181493 -0.8181797 0.00034691206276 2.9241828 93.5781 /L 86.4030 81.4/ 1.3603 n.a. n.a. 328.38117 342.75822 64.782900 2025-Jul-23 19:00 23 52 49.65 +52 24 15.1 349.542996 4.829241 n.a. n.a. 1.015897884172 -0.8270793 0.00035854017716 2.8730810 93.2555 /L 86.7249 81.2/ 1.3439 n.a. n.a. 306.45110 342.47191 65.189432 2025-Jul-23 19:10 23 51 10.37 +53 11 19.2 348.062386 3.590009 n.a. n.a. 1.015894553907 -0.8346609 0.00036996774962 2.8241728 92.9528 /L 87.0269 81.0/ 1.3280 n.a. n.a. 286.65180 342.21154 65.585254 2025-Jul-23 19:20 23 49 34.49 +53 55 20.1 346.658984 2.350082 n.a. n.a. 1.015891195614 -0.8411027 0.00038120315881 2.7772518 92.6680 /L 87.3110 80.9/ 1.3125 n.a. n.a. 268.69525 341.98131 65.971552 2025-Jul-23 19:30 23 48 01.93 +54 36 34.8 345.328528 1.108794 n.a. n.a. 1.015887813555 -0.8465541 0.00039225399987 2.7321335 92.3995 /L 87.5790 80.7/ 1.2973 n.a. n.a. 252.34386 341.78532 66.349200 2025-Jul-23 19:40 A 23 46 32.65 +55 15 18.6 344.067328 -0.134260 n.a. n.a. 1.015884411442 -0.8511411 0.00040312716669 2.6886523 92.1454 /L 87.8324 80.6/ 1.2825 n.a. n.a. 237.40019 341.62753 66.718800 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-31 14:40 t 08 13 12.74 -59 16 51.9 172.356585 1.494322 n.a. n.a. 1.015042653390 4.4606484 0.00006113341897 -2.7227340 77.7085 /L 102.2878 73.9/ 40.7166 n.a. n.a. 9956.8606 242.17020 -20.30290 2025-Jul-31 14:50 04 10 19.07 -58 17 46.4 146.587634 20.511026 n.a. n.a. 1.015058926379 3.6119386 0.00005495180771 -0.2242907 94.5690 /L 85.4278 101.8/ 40.7906 n.a. n.a. 11422.493 301.25074 -1.688614 2025-Jul-31 15:00 02 06 19.22 -36 34 37.7 115.308140 34.235369 n.a. n.a. 1.015071571109 2.7033213 0.00005925287638 2.2198164 107.8931 /L 72.1040 129.5/ 40.8656 n.a. n.a. 9479.6287 329.29606 18.107793 2025-Jul-31 15:10 01 22 20.17 -16 42 02.7 86.867847 38.298068 n.a. n.a. 1.015080827948 1.9403034 0.00007121888868 3.5625199 113.7725 /L 66.2243 149.5/ 40.9417 n.a. n.a. 6533.7499 337.92767 32.350011 2025-Jul-31 15:20 e 01 01 12.62 -02 34 42.4 66.574333 37.139126 n.a. n.a. 1.015087388409 1.3570142 0.00008675261671 4.0872921 114.9397 /L 65.0566 161.4/ 41.0187 n.a. n.a. 4458.8009 341.61277 41.158847 2025-Jul-31 15:30 00 48 38.82 +07 25 43.2 52.764512 34.536067 n.a. n.a. 1.015091917677 0.9212379 0.00010352399095 4.2331084 114.2287 /L 65.7667 166.2/ 41.0968 n.a. n.a. 3192.0599 343.59855 46.661285 2025-Jul-31 15:40 00 40 05.46 +14 49 59.7 42.896942 31.815411 n.a. n.a. 1.015094927239 0.5936578 0.00012051695651 4.2210120 112.9178 /L 67.0767 165.5/ 41.1758 n.a. n.a. 2405.0401 344.77827 50.305489 2025-Jul-31 15:50 00 33 42.42 +20 33 23.9 35.395140 29.307940 n.a. n.a. 1.015096786059 0.3433554 0.00013731321761 4.1448506 111.4830 /L 68.5106 162.7/ 41.2557 n.a. n.a. 1890.3373 345.48819 52.874161 2025-Jul-31 16:00 00 28 37.57 +25 08 32.2 29.387355 27.055509 n.a. n.a. 1.015097757779 0.1484845 0.00015374681937 4.0444704 110.0924 /L 69.9002 159.6/ 41.3365 n.a. n.a. 1535.9024 345.89178 54.786614 2025-Jul-31 16:10 00 24 23.25 +28 55 19.5 24.380332 25.027212 n.a. n.a. 1.015098032779 -0.0060072 0.00016976022374 3.9372652 108.8005 /L 71.1912 156.6/ 41.4183 n.a. n.a. 1280.6950 346.08290 56.277294 2025-Jul-31 16:20 00 20 43.49 +32 06 29.2 20.080345 23.180070 n.a. n.a. 1.015097750957 -0.1305267 0.00018534359489 3.8309322 107.6193 /L 72.3715 154.0/ 41.5009 n.a. n.a. 1089.9806 346.12125 57.484272 2025-Jul-31 16:30 00 17 28.47 +34 50 31.3 16.303127 21.475023 n.a. n.a. 1.015097017096 -0.2323721 0.00020050807273 3.7287955 106.5449 /L 73.4450 151.6/ 41.5843 n.a. n.a. 943.01017 346.04741 58.492979 2025-Jul-31 16:40 00 14 31.85 +37 13 19.6 12.927566 19.880092 n.a. n.a. 1.015095911152 -0.3167533 0.00021527353043 3.6321401 105.5683 /L 74.4207 149.5/ 41.6685 n.a. n.a. 826.81393 345.89035 59.358637 2025-Jul-31 16:50 00 11 49.36 +39 19 07.6 9.870787 18.370010 n.a. n.a. 1.015094495205 -0.3874595 0.00022966281568 3.5412843 104.6791 /L 75.3091 147.6/ 41.7534 n.a. n.a. 732.95260 345.67155 60.118319 2025-Jul-31 17:00 00 09 18.02 +41 11 02.7 7.074093 16.925049 n.a. n.a. 1.015092818222 -0.4472961 0.00024369902396 3.4560919 103.8673 /L 76.1200 145.9/ 41.8391 n.a. n.a. 655.73902 345.40750 60.797734 2025-Jul-31 17:10 00 06 55.75 +42 51 26.1 4.494658 15.529850 n.a. n.a. 1.015090919379 -0.4983758 0.00025740423837 3.3762236 103.1240 /L 76.8625 144.4/ 41.9255 n.a. n.a. 591.22220 345.11125 61.415205 2025-Jul-31 17:20 00 04 41.00 +44 22 07.3 2.100423 14.172450 n.a. n.a. 1.015088830428 -0.5423141 0.00027079899503 3.3012621 102.4413 /L 77.5444 142.9/ 42.0125 n.a. n.a. 536.58363 344.79340 61.984099 2025-Jul-31 17:30 t 00 02 32.67 +45 44 32.2 359.866848 12.843512 n.a. n.a. 1.015086577403 -0.5803645 0.00028390211048 3.2307747 101.8122 /L 78.1727 141.7/ 42.1002 n.a. n.a. 489.76555 344.46279 62.514357 2025-Jul-31 17:40 00 00 29.92 +46 59 49.5 357.774771 11.535747 n.a. n.a. 1.015084181873 -0.6135121 0.00029673068781 3.1643434 101.2308 /L 78.7534 140.5/ 42.1884 n.a. n.a. 449.23471 344.12698 63.013493 2025-Jul-31 17:50 23 58 32.12 +48 08 55.0 355.808964 10.243460 n.a. n.a. 1.015081661877 -0.6425404 0.00030930020705 3.1015784 100.6918 /L 79.2917 139.4/ 42.2772 n.a. n.a. 413.82794 343.79257 63.487254 2025-Jul-31 18:00 23 56 38.81 +49 12 34.7 353.957141 8.962211 n.a. n.a. 1.015079032632 -0.6680793 0.00032162465150 3.0421236 100.1907 /L 79.7920 138.3/ 42.3664 n.a. n.a. 382.64860 343.46546 63.940082 2025-Jul-31 18:10 23 54 49.64 +50 11 26.6 352.209245 7.688554 n.a. n.a. 1.015076307078 -0.6906406 0.00033371664403 2.9856569 99.7236 /L 80.2584 137.4/ 42.4562 n.a. n.a. 354.99560 343.15098 64.375427 2025-Jul-31 18:20 23 53 04.35 +51 06 02.8 350.556941 6.419835 n.a. n.a. 1.015073496290 -0.7106434 0.00034558758149 2.9318887 99.2870 /L 80.6943 136.5/ 42.5463 n.a. n.a. 330.31371 342.85407 64.795974 2025-Jul-31 18:30 23 51 22.74 +51 56 50.6 348.993249 5.154033 n.a. n.a. 1.015070609817 -0.7284343 0.00035724776046 2.8805597 98.8779 /L 81.1028 135.7/ 42.6369 n.a. n.a. 308.15810 342.57935 65.203810 2025-Jul-31 18:40 23 49 44.68 +52 44 13.4 347.512260 3.889638 n.a. n.a. 1.015067655936 -0.7443021 0.00036870649240 2.8314377 98.4935 /L 81.4864 134.9/ 42.7277 n.a. n.a. 288.16871 342.33118 65.600540 2025-Jul-31 18:50 23 48 10.06 +53 28 31.1 346.108933 2.625553 n.a. n.a. 1.015064641863 -0.7584887 0.00037997220737 2.7843149 98.1316 /L 81.8477 134.2/ 42.8189 n.a. n.a. 270.05131 342.11377 65.987380 2025-Jul-31 19:00 23 46 38.82 +54 10 01.3 344.778932 1.361018 n.a. n.a. 1.015061573920 -0.7711987 0.00039105254663 2.7390054 97.7899 /L 82.1888 133.5/ 42.9103 n.a. n.a. 253.56346 341.93116 66.365220 2025-Jul-31 19:10 23 45 10.92 +54 48 59.5 343.518506 0.095549 n.a. n.a. 1.015058457673 -0.7826058 0.00040195444514 2.6953426 97.4666 /L 82.5114 132.9/ 43.0019 n.a. n.a. 238.50378 341.78728 66.734677 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< $$EOE *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** Column meaning: TIME Times PRIOR to 1962 are UT1, a mean-solar time closely related to the prior but now-deprecated GMT. Times AFTER 1962 are in UTC, the current civil or "wall-clock" time-scale. UTC is kept within 0.9 seconds of UT1 using integer leap-seconds for 1972 and later years. Conversion from the internal Barycentric Dynamical Time (TDB) of solar system dynamics to the non-uniform civil UT time-scale requested for output has not been determined for UTC times after the next July or January 1st. Therefore, the last known leap-second is used as a constant over future intervals. Time tags refer to the UT time-scale conversion from TDB on Earth regardless of observer location within the solar system, although clock rates may differ due to the local gravity field and no analog to "UT" may be defined for that location. Any 'b' symbol in the 1st-column denotes a B.C. date. First-column blank (" ") denotes an A.D. date. CALENDAR SYSTEM Mixed calendar mode was active such that calendar dates after AD 1582-Oct-15 (if any) are in the modern Gregorian system. Dates prior to 1582-Oct-5 (if any) are in the Julian calendar system, which is automatically extended for dates prior to its adoption on 45-Jan-1 BC. The Julian calendar is useful for matching historical dates. The Gregorian calendar more accurately corresponds to the Earth's orbital motion and seasons. A "Gregorian-only" calendar mode is available if such physical events are the primary interest. NOTE: "n.a." in output means quantity "not available" at the print-time. SOLAR PRESENCE (OBSERVING SITE) Time tag is followed by a blank, then a solar-presence condition code: '*' Daylight (refracted solar upper-limb on or above apparent horizon) 'C' Civil twilight/dawn 'N' Nautical twilight/dawn 'A' Astronomical twilight/dawn ' ' Night OR geocentric ephemeris LUNAR PRESENCE WITH TARGET RISE/TRANSIT/SET EVENT MARKER (OBSERVING SITE) The solar-presence code column is immediately followed by another marker: 'm' Refracted upper-limb of Moon on or above apparent horizon ' ' Refracted upper-limb of Moon below apparent horizon OR geocentric The lunar presence marker (an ongoing state) can be over-ridden by a target event marker if an event has occurred since the last output step: 'r' Rise (target body on or went above cut-off RTS elevation) 'e' Elevation max (target body maximum elevation angle has occurred) 't' Transit (target body at or passed through observer meridian) 's' Set (target body on or went below cut-off RTS elevation) RTS MARKERS (TVH) Rise and set are with respect to the reference ellipsoid true visual horizon defined by the elevation cut-off angle. Horizon dip and yellow-light refraction (Earth only) are considered. Accuracy is < or = to twice the requested search step-size. 'R.A._____(ICRF)_____DEC' = Astrometric right ascension and declination of the target center with respect to the observing site (coordinate origin) in the reference frame of the planetary ephemeris (ICRF). Compensated for down-leg light-time delay aberration. Units: RA in hours-minutes-seconds of time, HH MM SS.ff{ffff} DEC in degrees-minutes-seconds of arc, sDD MN SC.f{ffff} 'Azi____(a-app)___Elev' = Airless apparent azimuth and elevation of target center. Compensated for light-time, the gravitational deflection of light, stellar aberration, precession and nutation. Azimuth is measured clockwise from north: North(0) -> East(90) -> South(180) -> West(270) -> North (360) Elevation angle is with respect to a plane perpendicular to the reference surface local zenith direction. TOPOCENTRIC ONLY. Units: DEGREES 'APmag S-brt' = The targets' approximate apparent visual magnitude and surface brightness. For planets and natural satellites, output is restricted to solar phase angles covered by observational data. Outside the observed phase angle range, "n.a." may be output to avoid extrapolation beyond the limit of model validity. For Earth-based observers, the estimated dimming due to atmospheric absorption (extinction) is available as a separate, requestable quantity. Surface brightness is the average airless visual magnitude of a square-arcsecond of the illuminated portion of the apparent disk. It is computed only if the target radius is known. Units: MAGNITUDES & MAGNITUDES PER SQUARE ARCSECOND 'r rdot' = The Sun's apparent range ("r", light-time aberrated) and range-rate ("rdot") relative to the target center, as seen by the observer. A positive "rdot" means the target center was moving away from the Sun, negative means moving toward the Sun. Units: AU and KM/S 'delta deldot' = Apparent range ("delta", light-time aberrated) and range-rate ("delta-dot") of the target center relative to the observer. A positive "deldot" means the target center is moving away from the observer, negative indicates movement toward the observer. Units: AU and KM/S 'S-O-T /r' = Sun-Observer-Target apparent SOLAR ELONGATION ANGLE seen from the observers' location at print-time. The '/r' column provides a code indicating the targets' apparent position relative to the Sun in the observers' sky, as described below: Case A: For an observing location on the surface of a rotating body, that body rotational sense is considered: /T indicates target TRAILS Sun (evening sky: rises and sets AFTER Sun) /L indicates target LEADS Sun (morning sky: rises and sets BEFORE Sun) Case B: For an observing point that does not have a rotational model (such as a spacecraft), the "leading" and "trailing" condition is defined by the observers' heliocentric ORBITAL motion: * If continuing in the observers' current direction of heliocentric motion would encounter the targets' apparent longitude first, followed by the Sun's, the target LEADS the Sun as seen by the observer. * If the Sun's apparent longitude would be encountered first, followed by the targets', the target TRAILS the Sun. Two other codes can be output: /* indicates observer is Sun-centered (undefined) /? Target is aligned with Sun center (no lead or trail) The S-O-T solar elongation angle is numerically the minimum separation angle of the Sun and target in the sky in any direction. It does NOT indicate the amount of separation in the leading or trailing directions, which would be defined along the equator of a spherical coordinate system. Units: DEGREES 'S-T-O' = The Sun-Target-Observer angle; the interior vertex angle at target center formed by a vector from the target to the apparent center of the Sun (at reflection time on the target) and the apparent vector from target to the observer at print-time. Slightly different from true PHASE ANGLE (requestable separately) at the few arcsecond level in that it includes stellar aberration on the down-leg from target to observer. Units: DEGREES 'T-O-M/MN_Illu%' = Target-Observer-Moon LUNAR ELONGATION angle and illuminated percentage. The apparent lunar elongation angle between target body center and Moon center, seen from the observing site, along with fraction of the lunar disk illuminated by the Sun. A negative lunar elongation angle indicates the target center is behind the Moon. Units: DEGREES & PERCENT 'RA_3sigma DEC_3sigma' = Uncertainty in Right-Ascension and Declination. Output values are the formal +/- 3 standard-deviations (sigmas) around nominal position. Units: ARCSECONDS 'Sky_motion Sky_mot_PA RelVel-ANG' = Total apparent angular rate of the target in the plane-of-sky. "Sky_mot_PA" is the position angle of the target's direction of motion in the plane-of-sky, measured counter-clockwise from the apparent of-date north pole direction. "RelVel-ANG" is the flight path angle of the target's relative motion with respect to the observer's line-of-sight, in the range [-90,+90], where positive values indicate motion away from the observer, negative values are toward the observer: -90 = target is moving directly toward the observer 0 = target is moving at right angles to the observer's line-of-sight +90 = target is moving directly away from the observer UNITS: ARCSECONDS/MINUTE, DEGREES, DEGREES Computations by ... Solar System Dynamics Group, Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Pasadena, CA 91109 USA General site: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ Mailing list: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/email_list.html System news : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/news.html User Guide : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/manual.html Connect : browser https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/app.html#/x API https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/doc/horizons.html command-line telnet ssd.jpl.nasa.gov 6775 e-mail/batch https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/horizons_batch.txt scripts https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/SCRIPTS Author : Jon.D.Giorgini@jpl.nasa.gov ***************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************