API VERSION: 1.2 API SOURCE: NASA/JPL Horizons API ******************************************************************************* Revised: Feb 16, 2026 INTEGRAL Spacecraft (gamma-ray observatory) -198 http://www.esa.int/export/esaMI/Integral/ESAR0RPV16D_0.html INTEGRAL (INTErnational Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory): Deployment (Proton) = Oct 17, 2002 Diameter/length (meters) = 3.7/5 m ORBITAL DATA: Inclination = 51 degrees Orbital period = ~72 hours Apogee altitude = ~ 155000 km Perigee altitude = ~9,000 km The spacecraft will spend most of its time above an altitude of 40,000 km (outside Earth's radiation belts), thus minimizing background radiation effects. Will study black holes, neutron stars, active galactic nuclei and supernovae, providing information on formation of new chemical elements and gamma-ray bursts. ESA mission. WEIGHTS & PROPULSION: Launch Mass: 4 tonnes SPACECRAFT TRAJECTORY Launch to 2005-Jan-31 JPL Multi-Mission Navigation Team, merged solutions: OD0018_021017, OD0020_021019, OD0022_021021, OD0030_021029, OD0035_021108, OD0037_021119, OD0040_021129, OD0042_021206, OD0045_021216, OD0047_021222, OD0051_030102, OD0053_030108, OD0057_030120, OD0060_030127, OD0062_030207, OD0066_030219, OD0068_030228, OD0071_030310, OD0075_030321, OD0079_030402, OD0084_030416, OD0089_030502, OD0090_030505, OD0097_030529, OD0105_030624, OD0113_030721, OD0122_030817, OD0127_030907, OD0131_030919, OD0134_031001, OD0141_031022, OD0148_031117, OD0153_031201, OD0157_031212, OD0163_031230, OD0169_040126, OD0179_040222, OD0182_040302, OD0184_040309, OD0192_040401, OD0202_040428, OD0209_040521, OD0212_040530, OD0219_040620, OD0227_040714, OD0236_040810, OD0240_040822, OD0246_040906, OD0251_040927, OD0256_041015, OD0260_041101, OD0267_041123, OD0277_041215, OD0285_050101. 2005-Jan-31 to 2015-Jan-01: JSpOC TLEs 2015-Jan-01 to 2015-Dec-02: ESA-provided ephemeris 2015-Dec-02 to PRESENT : JSpOC TLEs NOTE: The ESA ephemeris is used for much of 2015 since TLE's issued by JSpOC were based on an obsolete predictive ephemeris for the spacecraft that did not reflect January 2015 maneuvering of INTEGRAL to a different orbit. http://sci.esa.int/integral/55345-integral-manoeuvres-for-the-future/ ******************************************************************************* ******************************************************************************* Ephemeris / API_USER Mon Feb 16 06:15:40 2026 Pasadena, USA / Horizons ******************************************************************************* Target body name: INTEGRAL (spacecraft) (-198) {source: integral_merged} Center body name: Earth (399) {source: DE441} Center-site name: iTelescope Obs., Siding Spring ******************************************************************************* Start time : A.D. 2025-Jul-06 00:00:00.0000 UT Stop time : A.D. 2025-Jul-20 00:00:00.0000 UT Step-size : 10 minutes ******************************************************************************* Target pole/equ : undefined Target radii : undefined Center geodetic : 149.0644, -31.2733577, 1.16499 {E-lon(deg),Lat(deg),Alt(km)} Center cylindric: 149.0644,5457.31536,-3292.4397 {E-lon(deg),Dxy(km),Dz(km)} Center pole/equ : ITRF93 {East-longitude positive} Center radii : 6378.137, 6378.137, 6356.752 km {Equator_a, b, pole_c} Target primary : Earth Vis. interferer : MOON (R_eq= 1737.400) km {source: DE441} Rel. light bend : Sun {source: DE441} Rel. lght bnd GM: 1.3271E+11 km^3/s^2 Atmos refraction: NO (AIRLESS) RA format : HMS Time format : CAL Calendar mode : Mixed Julian/Gregorian RTS-only print : NO EOP file : eop.260213.p260512 EOP coverage : DATA-BASED 1962-JAN-20 TO 2026-FEB-13. PREDICTS-> 2026-MAY-11 Units conversion: 1 au= 149597870.700 km, c= 299792.458 km/s, 1 day= 86400.0 s Table cut-offs 1: Elevation ( 0.0deg=YES),Airmass (>38.000=NO), Daylight (YES) Table cut-offs 2: Solar elongation ( 12.0,180.0=YES),Local Hour Angle( 0.0=NO ) Table cut-offs 3: RA/DEC angular rate ( 0.0=NO ) *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** Date__(UT)__HR:MN R.A._____(ICRF)_____DEC Azi____(a-app)___Elev APmag S-brt r rdot delta deldot S-O-T /r S-T-O T-O-M/MN_Illu% RA_3sigma DEC_3sigma Sky_motion Sky_mot_PA RelVel-ANG *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** $$SOE >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-07 16:10 m 05 22 49.24 -59 47 25.0 154.500759 12.236977 n.a. n.a. 1.016645170480 1.0422747 0.00005582202564 -0.9317046 85.0548 /L 94.9420 93.0/ 89.5822 n.a. n.a. 11390.958 285.49649 -6.906018 2025-Jul-07 16:20 m 02 40 22.97 -41 24 22.8 123.958315 26.729934 n.a. n.a. 1.016647908240 0.3488523 0.00005752814825 1.6965114 88.8066 /L 91.1904 108.3/ 89.6175 n.a. n.a. 10256.349 323.24888 13.384388 2025-Jul-07 16:30 m 01 42 21.36 -20 23 18.4 95.318795 32.569942 n.a. n.a. 1.016648231560 -0.1557076 0.00006801598120 3.3321890 90.0465 /L 89.9503 119.3/ 89.6535 n.a. n.a. 7258.5451 335.19058 29.179624 2025-Jul-07 16:40 e 01 16 15.81 -04 57 27.4 74.214807 32.624037 n.a. n.a. 1.016646892668 -0.4878852 0.00008297838016 4.0127215 89.7921 /L 90.2040 125.2/ 89.6902 n.a. n.a. 4921.3501 339.99977 39.108594 2025-Jul-07 16:50 m 01 01 27.78 +05 56 04.0 59.644073 30.750519 n.a. n.a. 1.016644477388 -0.7007414 0.00009959415007 4.2217804 89.0317 /L 90.9634 128.0/ 89.7276 n.a. n.a. 3477.2991 342.52403 45.242147 2025-Jul-07 17:00 m 00 51 42.66 +13 54 54.7 49.197748 28.522985 n.a. n.a. 1.016641372739 -0.8373937 0.00011659370863 4.2332472 88.1790 /L 91.8153 129.2/ 89.7656 n.a. n.a. 2589.1399 344.02610 49.238404 2025-Jul-07 17:10 m 00 44 36.37 +20 01 41.4 41.262826 26.391925 n.a. n.a. 1.016637823904 -0.9258562 0.00013345448377 4.1647602 87.3698 /L 92.6235 129.7/ 89.8044 n.a. n.a. 2016.0724 344.95159 52.013003 2025-Jul-07 17:20 m 00 39 03.00 +24 53 24.6 34.921594 24.450986 n.a. n.a. 1.016633986829 -0.9833743 0.00014996880871 4.0656911 86.6413 /L 93.3510 129.7/ 89.8438 n.a. n.a. 1626.2797 345.50713 54.052674 2025-Jul-07 17:30 m 00 34 28.48 +28 52 29.0 29.648532 22.693390 n.a. n.a. 1.016629962677 -1.0205629 0.00016606249677 3.9572908 85.9972 /L 93.9942 129.6/ 89.8839 n.a. n.a. 1348.5118 345.80777 55.625844 2025-Jul-07 17:40 m 00 30 33.52 +32 13 05.4 25.129035 21.088653 n.a. n.a. 1.016625818636 -1.0440787 0.00018171934562 3.8488670 85.4307 /L 94.5599 129.3/ 89.9246 n.a. n.a. 1142.7117 345.92512 56.888465 2025-Jul-07 17:50 m 00 27 06.44 +35 04 36.8 21.165303 19.604848 n.a. n.a. 1.016621600355 -1.0581990 0.00019694846553 3.7444296 84.9324 /L 95.0573 128.9/ 89.9661 n.a. n.a. 985.23657 345.90712 57.935897 2025-Jul-07 18:00 m 00 23 59.78 +37 33 30.3 17.627243 18.214426 n.a. n.a. 1.016617339483 -1.0657415 0.00021176954544 3.6455529 84.4931 /L 95.4958 128.5/ 90.0082 n.a. n.a. 861.46762 345.78746 58.829182 2025-Jul-07 18:10 m 00 21 08.55 +39 44 21.8 14.425868 16.895057 n.a. n.a. 1.016613058342 -1.0686068 0.00022620601063 3.5526692 84.1045 /L 95.8835 128.1/ 90.0509 n.a. n.a. 761.98242 345.59089 59.608976 2025-Jul-07 18:20 m 00 18 29.34 +41 40 33.1 11.498213 15.629071 n.a. n.a. 1.016608772904 -1.0681046 0.00024028181316 3.4656777 83.7595 /L 96.2277 127.6/ 90.0943 n.a. n.a. 680.48338 345.33615 60.303294 2025-Jul-07 18:30 m 00 15 59.72 +43 24 36.4 8.798410 14.402616 n.a. n.a. 1.016604494718 -1.0651548 0.00025401995542 3.3842395 83.4522 /L 96.5342 127.2/ 90.1383 n.a. n.a. 612.62672 345.03791 60.932010 2025-Jul-07 18:40 m 00 13 37.95 +44 58 28.4 6.292189 13.204872 n.a. n.a. 1.016600232207 -1.0604147 0.00026744186095 3.3079231 83.1773 /L 96.8084 126.7/ 90.1829 n.a. n.a. 555.33298 344.70798 61.509571 2025-Jul-07 18:50 00 11 22.76 +46 23 40.4 3.953376 12.027401 n.a. n.a. 1.016595991541 -1.0543610 0.00028056716435 3.2362761 82.9305 /L 97.0544 126.3/ 90.2282 n.a. n.a. 506.36616 344.35610 62.046697 2025-Jul-07 19:00 00 09 13.21 +47 41 25.6 1.761587 10.863633 n.a. n.a. 1.016591777246 -1.0473441 0.00029341370592 3.1688600 82.7082 /L 97.2760 125.9/ 90.2740 n.a. n.a. 464.06822 343.99054 62.551485 2025-Jul-07 19:10 t 00 07 08.59 +48 52 42.6 359.700668 9.708467 n.a. n.a. 1.016587592636 -1.0396242 0.00030599762303 3.1052656 82.5072 /L 97.4763 125.5/ 90.3204 n.a. n.a. 427.18665 343.61843 63.030129 2025-Jul-07 19:20 00 05 08.37 +49 58 19.9 357.757619 8.557963 n.a. n.a. 1.016583440117 -1.0313967 0.00031833348193 3.0451191 82.3247 /L 97.6580 125.1/ 90.3674 n.a. n.a. 394.75964 343.24610 63.487427 2025-Jul-07 19:30 00 03 12.17 +50 58 57.6 355.921833 7.409102 n.a. n.a. 1.016579321410 -1.0228094 0.00033043442207 2.9880828 82.1586 /L 97.8235 124.8/ 90.4149 n.a. n.a. 366.03766 342.87924 63.927117 2025-Jul-07 19:40 A 00 01 19.70 +51 55 09.1 354.184541 6.259602 n.a. n.a. 1.016575237722 -1.0139750 0.00034231229791 2.9338532 82.0066 /L 97.9748 124.4/ 90.4630 n.a. n.a. 340.42890 342.52307 64.352131 2025-Jul-07 19:50 A 23 59 30.75 +52 47 23.0 352.538415 5.107769 n.a. n.a. 1.016571189858 -1.0049797 0.00035397781216 2.8821589 81.8671 /L 98.1137 124.0/ 90.5115 n.a. n.a. 317.46056 342.18247 64.764765 2025-Jul-07 20:00 A 23 57 45.17 +53 36 03.6 350.977269 3.952384 n.a. n.a. 1.016567178324 -0.9958899 0.00036544063736 2.8327571 81.7384 /L 98.2418 123.7/ 90.5605 n.a. n.a. 296.75083 341.86202 65.166811 2025-Jul-07 20:10 N 23 56 02.85 +54 21 31.8 349.495827 2.792615 n.a. n.a. 1.016563203389 -0.9867569 0.00037670952529 2.7854309 81.6192 /L 98.3604 123.4/ 90.6100 n.a. n.a. 277.98843 341.56612 65.559655 2025-Jul-07 20:20 N 23 54 23.74 +55 04 05.8 348.089562 1.627942 n.a. n.a. 1.016559265142 -0.9776201 0.00038779240444 2.7399863 81.5082 /L 98.4707 123.1/ 90.6599 n.a. n.a. 260.91733 341.29901 65.944345 2025-Jul-07 20:30 N 23 52 47.78 +55 44 01.6 346.754556 0.458097 n.a. n.a. 1.016555363532 -0.9685103 0.00039869646674 2.6962495 81.4044 /L 98.5739 122.8/ 90.7103 n.a. n.a. 245.32529 341.06479 66.321648 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-10 07:30 Ce 11 32 24.05 -45 26 57.6 217.350887 70.713902 n.a. n.a. 1.016559897804 2.9369155 0.00004840685070 -2.0403359 88.9341 /T 91.0628 84.0/ 99.6199 n.a. n.a. 12067.472 192.52606 -16.11361 2025-Jul-10 07:40 Cm 08 34 23.58 -78 44 48.7 192.372991 35.539480 n.a. n.a. 1.016571483878 2.7957418 0.00004690421294 1.4201400 101.5625 /T 78.4351 73.1/ 99.6259 n.a. n.a. 13569.995 235.67150 10.463238 2025-Jul-10 07:50 Nm 01 27 22.79 -61 58 25.7 183.310630 3.282322 n.a. n.a. 1.016581902374 2.3411791 0.00005864236869 4.1172277 108.4156 /L 71.5820 69.7/ 99.6318 n.a. n.a. 9830.7676 340.99526 30.579326 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-15 15:40 t 07 50 06.84 -60 00 08.0 170.072786 2.841370 n.a. n.a. 1.016405352771 2.5439595 0.00006006920287 -2.4766736 81.4992 /T 98.4971 104.2/ 75.2132 n.a. n.a. 10251.777 248.78318 -18.39823 2025-Jul-15 15:50 m 03 53 22.27 -55 32 06.9 143.035915 21.019185 n.a. n.a. 1.016413958564 1.7386415 0.00005509025880 0.1000901 90.6522 /L 89.3447 74.2/ 75.1667 n.a. n.a. 11363.916 306.07338 0.7629310 2025-Jul-15 16:00 m 02 04 43.49 -33 25 56.6 111.797934 33.042256 n.a. n.a. 1.016419426030 1.0121730 0.00006052454729 2.4387101 96.6923 /L 83.3047 47.1/ 75.1206 n.a. n.a. 9129.0981 330.30275 20.062121 2025-Jul-15 16:10 m 01 24 23.47 -14 17 46.0 84.902578 36.115685 n.a. n.a. 1.016422332640 0.4660299 0.00007310611710 3.6585320 98.6350 /L 81.3616 29.9/ 75.0751 n.a. n.a. 6247.8587 338.13528 33.531178 2025-Jul-15 16:20 e 01 04 22.01 -00 45 19.3 65.978722 34.818095 n.a. n.a. 1.016423386598 0.0819499 0.00008888399692 4.1197086 98.4769 /L 81.5189 22.6/ 75.0300 n.a. n.a. 4284.7483 341.63610 41.825374 2025-Jul-15 16:30 m 00 52 13.85 +08 53 34.0 52.954429 32.368658 n.a. n.a. 1.016423147604 -0.1855066 0.00010572522008 4.2376896 97.6043 /L 82.3906 22.4/ 74.9854 n.a. n.a. 3088.2018 343.57062 47.036195 2025-Jul-15 16:40 m 00 43 52.08 +16 04 35.2 43.508825 29.850285 n.a. n.a. 1.016422004046 -0.3740588 0.00012271226624 4.2135064 96.5639 /L 83.4300 25.0/ 74.9411 n.a. n.a. 2340.4243 344.73431 50.513643 2025-Jul-15 16:50 m 00 37 34.71 +21 39 29.3 36.240799 27.531104 n.a. n.a. 1.016420217323 -0.5095024 0.00013946947681 4.1320660 95.5433 /L 84.4497 28.3/ 74.8971 n.a. n.a. 1848.1059 345.43900 52.982132 2025-Jul-15 17:00 m 00 32 32.66 +26 08 55.5 30.368565 25.442526 n.a. n.a. 1.016417964437 -0.6086530 0.00015584963033 4.0294690 94.6007 /L 85.3913 31.4/ 74.8534 n.a. n.a. 1507.0658 345.84058 54.831065 2025-Jul-15 17:10 m 00 28 19.57 +29 51 44.0 25.443226 23.555620 n.a. n.a. 1.016415367536 -0.6824602 0.00017180378368 3.9214825 93.7489 /L 86.2422 34.3/ 74.8100 n.a. n.a. 1260.2793 346.03009 56.279435 2025-Jul-15 17:20 m 00 24 40.11 +33 00 01.5 21.193736 21.831494 n.a. n.a. 1.016412512820 -0.7381665 0.00018732619102 3.8150596 92.9845 /L 87.0056 36.8/ 74.7668 n.a. n.a. 1075.0980 346.06601 57.457001 2025-Jul-15 17:30 m 00 21 24.79 +35 41 56.1 17.448038 20.234830 n.a. n.a. 1.016409462485 -0.7806652 0.00020242997446 3.7131667 92.2994 /L 87.6899 39.1/ 74.7237 n.a. n.a. 931.90373 345.98834 58.444501 2025-Jul-15 17:40 m 00 18 27.42 +38 03 07.7 14.091926 18.736626 n.a. n.a. 1.016406262339 -0.8133374 0.00021713595868 3.6169106 91.6843 /L 88.3041 41.1/ 74.6808 n.a. n.a. 818.36885 345.82575 59.294393 2025-Jul-15 17:50 m 00 15 43.85 +40 07 41.2 11.046619 17.313895 n.a. n.a. 1.016402946751 -0.8385700 0.00023146742228 3.5265188 91.1304 /L 88.8572 42.9/ 74.6379 n.a. n.a. 726.43489 345.59957 60.042056 2025-Jul-15 18:00 m 00 13 11.17 +41 58 37.7 8.255945 15.948639 n.a. n.a. 1.016399541939 -0.8580823 0.00024544762369 3.4418080 90.6300 /L 89.3568 44.5/ 74.5951 n.a. n.a. 650.64953 345.32624 60.712122 2025-Jul-15 18:10 m 00 10 47.32 +43 38 14.6 5.678692 14.626819 n.a. n.a. 1.016396068195 -0.8731354 0.00025909867070 3.3624151 90.1762 /L 89.8098 46.0/ 74.5522 n.a. n.a. 587.21178 345.01877 61.322215 2025-Jul-15 18:20 m 00 08 30.81 +45 08 18.2 3.283873 13.337489 n.a. n.a. 1.016392541432 -0.8846700 0.00027244105442 3.2879109 89.7633 /L 90.2220 47.3/ 74.5093 n.a. n.a. 533.40193 344.68776 61.885231 2025-Jul-15 18:30 m 00 06 20.52 +46 30 12.5 1.047675 12.072112 n.a. n.a. 1.016388974271 -0.8933986 0.00028549351340 3.2178579 89.3862 /L 90.5983 48.5/ 74.4662 n.a. n.a. 487.22904 344.34206 62.410795 2025-Jul-15 18:40 t 00 04 15.64 +47 45 04.6 358.951446 10.824024 n.a. n.a. 1.016385376826 -0.8998677 0.00029827305976 3.1518363 89.0406 /L 90.9431 49.7/ 74.4230 n.a. n.a. 447.20623 343.98926 62.906199 2025-Jul-15 18:50 m 00 02 15.57 +48 53 49.1 356.980329 9.588036 n.a. n.a. 1.016381757272 -0.9045024 0.00031079508050 3.0894571 88.7229 /L 91.2602 50.7/ 74.3796 n.a. n.a. 412.20313 343.63599 63.377039 2025-Jul-15 19:00 m 00 00 19.85 +49 57 11.0 355.122306 8.360116 n.a. n.a. 1.016378122272 -0.9076365 0.00032307346912 3.0303654 88.4297 /L 91.5526 51.6/ 74.3360 n.a. n.a. 381.34681 343.28818 63.827650 2025-Jul-15 19:10 m 23 58 28.13 +50 55 47.7 353.367524 7.137156 n.a. n.a. 1.016374477294 -0.9095350 0.00033512076507 2.9742410 88.1584 /L 91.8233 52.5/ 74.2921 n.a. n.a. 353.95357 342.95120 64.261407 2025-Jul-15 19:20 m 23 56 40.17 +51 50 10.8 351.707807 5.916779 n.a. n.a. 1.016370826851 -0.9104102 0.00034694828913 2.9207963 87.9064 /L 92.0746 53.3/ 74.2478 n.a. n.a. 329.48114 342.63003 64.680950 2025-Jul-15 19:30 m 23 54 55.77 +52 40 47.0 350.136294 4.697202 n.a. n.a. 1.016367174692 -0.9104337 0.00035856626949 2.8697739 87.6716 /L 92.3088 54.1/ 74.2032 n.a. n.a. 307.49451 342.32933 65.088330 2025-Jul-15 19:40 Am 23 53 14.82 +53 27 59.4 348.647175 3.477112 n.a. n.a. 1.016363523943 -0.9097452 0.00036998395672 2.8209435 87.4521 /L 92.5276 54.8/ 74.1581 n.a. n.a. 287.64111 342.05353 65.485137 2025-Jul-15 19:50 Am 23 51 37.22 +54 12 07.7 347.235484 2.255586 n.a. n.a. 1.016359877223 -0.9084591 0.00038120972699 2.7740992 87.2462 /L 92.7329 55.5/ 74.1126 n.a. n.a. 269.63256 341.80686 65.872578 2025-Jul-15 20:00 Am 23 50 02.91 +54 53 29.3 345.896947 1.032012 n.a. n.a. 1.016356236731 -0.9066700 0.00039225117416 2.7290564 87.0524 /L 92.9260 56.1/ 74.0666 n.a. n.a. 253.23093 341.59344 66.251544 2025-Jul-15 20:10 Nm 23 48 31.86 +55 32 19.3 344.627862 -0.193965 n.a. n.a. 1.016352604324 -0.9044562 0.00040311519158 2.6856502 86.8694 /L 93.1084 56.7/ 74.0200 n.a. n.a. 238.23846 341.41726 66.622658 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< $$EOE *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** Column meaning: TIME Times PRIOR to 1962 are UT1, a mean-solar time closely related to the prior but now-deprecated GMT. Times AFTER 1962 are in UTC, the current civil or "wall-clock" time-scale. UTC is kept within 0.9 seconds of UT1 using integer leap-seconds for 1972 and later years. Conversion from the internal Barycentric Dynamical Time (TDB) of solar system dynamics to the non-uniform civil UT time-scale requested for output has not been determined for UTC times after the next July or January 1st. Therefore, the last known leap-second is used as a constant over future intervals. Time tags refer to the UT time-scale conversion from TDB on Earth regardless of observer location within the solar system, although clock rates may differ due to the local gravity field and no analog to "UT" may be defined for that location. Any 'b' symbol in the 1st-column denotes a B.C. date. First-column blank (" ") denotes an A.D. date. CALENDAR SYSTEM Mixed calendar mode was active such that calendar dates after AD 1582-Oct-15 (if any) are in the modern Gregorian system. Dates prior to 1582-Oct-5 (if any) are in the Julian calendar system, which is automatically extended for dates prior to its adoption on 45-Jan-1 BC. The Julian calendar is useful for matching historical dates. The Gregorian calendar more accurately corresponds to the Earth's orbital motion and seasons. A "Gregorian-only" calendar mode is available if such physical events are the primary interest. NOTE: "n.a." in output means quantity "not available" at the print-time. SOLAR PRESENCE (OBSERVING SITE) Time tag is followed by a blank, then a solar-presence condition code: '*' Daylight (refracted solar upper-limb on or above apparent horizon) 'C' Civil twilight/dawn 'N' Nautical twilight/dawn 'A' Astronomical twilight/dawn ' ' Night OR geocentric ephemeris LUNAR PRESENCE WITH TARGET RISE/TRANSIT/SET EVENT MARKER (OBSERVING SITE) The solar-presence code column is immediately followed by another marker: 'm' Refracted upper-limb of Moon on or above apparent horizon ' ' Refracted upper-limb of Moon below apparent horizon OR geocentric The lunar presence marker (an ongoing state) can be over-ridden by a target event marker if an event has occurred since the last output step: 'r' Rise (target body on or went above cut-off RTS elevation) 'e' Elevation max (target body maximum elevation angle has occurred) 't' Transit (target body at or passed through observer meridian) 's' Set (target body on or went below cut-off RTS elevation) RTS MARKERS (TVH) Rise and set are with respect to the reference ellipsoid true visual horizon defined by the elevation cut-off angle. Horizon dip and yellow-light refraction (Earth only) are considered. Accuracy is < or = to twice the requested search step-size. 'R.A._____(ICRF)_____DEC' = Astrometric right ascension and declination of the target center with respect to the observing site (coordinate origin) in the reference frame of the planetary ephemeris (ICRF). Compensated for down-leg light-time delay aberration. Units: RA in hours-minutes-seconds of time, HH MM SS.ff{ffff} DEC in degrees-minutes-seconds of arc, sDD MN SC.f{ffff} 'Azi____(a-app)___Elev' = Airless apparent azimuth and elevation of target center. Compensated for light-time, the gravitational deflection of light, stellar aberration, precession and nutation. Azimuth is measured clockwise from north: North(0) -> East(90) -> South(180) -> West(270) -> North (360) Elevation angle is with respect to a plane perpendicular to the reference surface local zenith direction. TOPOCENTRIC ONLY. Units: DEGREES 'APmag S-brt' = The targets' approximate apparent visual magnitude and surface brightness. For planets and natural satellites, output is restricted to solar phase angles covered by observational data. Outside the observed phase angle range, "n.a." may be output to avoid extrapolation beyond the limit of model validity. For Earth-based observers, the estimated dimming due to atmospheric absorption (extinction) is available as a separate, requestable quantity. Surface brightness is the average airless visual magnitude of a square-arcsecond of the illuminated portion of the apparent disk. It is computed only if the target radius is known. Units: MAGNITUDES & MAGNITUDES PER SQUARE ARCSECOND 'r rdot' = The Sun's apparent range ("r", light-time aberrated) and range-rate ("rdot") relative to the target center, as seen by the observer. A positive "rdot" means the target center was moving away from the Sun, negative means moving toward the Sun. Units: AU and KM/S 'delta deldot' = Apparent range ("delta", light-time aberrated) and range-rate ("delta-dot") of the target center relative to the observer. A positive "deldot" means the target center is moving away from the observer, negative indicates movement toward the observer. Units: AU and KM/S 'S-O-T /r' = Sun-Observer-Target apparent SOLAR ELONGATION ANGLE seen from the observers' location at print-time. The '/r' column provides a code indicating the targets' apparent position relative to the Sun in the observers' sky, as described below: Case A: For an observing location on the surface of a rotating body, that body rotational sense is considered: /T indicates target TRAILS Sun (evening sky: rises and sets AFTER Sun) /L indicates target LEADS Sun (morning sky: rises and sets BEFORE Sun) Case B: For an observing point that does not have a rotational model (such as a spacecraft), the "leading" and "trailing" condition is defined by the observers' heliocentric ORBITAL motion: * If continuing in the observers' current direction of heliocentric motion would encounter the targets' apparent longitude first, followed by the Sun's, the target LEADS the Sun as seen by the observer. * If the Sun's apparent longitude would be encountered first, followed by the targets', the target TRAILS the Sun. Two other codes can be output: /* indicates observer is Sun-centered (undefined) /? Target is aligned with Sun center (no lead or trail) The S-O-T solar elongation angle is numerically the minimum separation angle of the Sun and target in the sky in any direction. It does NOT indicate the amount of separation in the leading or trailing directions, which would be defined along the equator of a spherical coordinate system. Units: DEGREES 'S-T-O' = The Sun-Target-Observer angle; the interior vertex angle at target center formed by a vector from the target to the apparent center of the Sun (at reflection time on the target) and the apparent vector from target to the observer at print-time. Slightly different from true PHASE ANGLE (requestable separately) at the few arcsecond level in that it includes stellar aberration on the down-leg from target to observer. Units: DEGREES 'T-O-M/MN_Illu%' = Target-Observer-Moon LUNAR ELONGATION angle and illuminated percentage. The apparent lunar elongation angle between target body center and Moon center, seen from the observing site, along with fraction of the lunar disk illuminated by the Sun. A negative lunar elongation angle indicates the target center is behind the Moon. Units: DEGREES & PERCENT 'RA_3sigma DEC_3sigma' = Uncertainty in Right-Ascension and Declination. Output values are the formal +/- 3 standard-deviations (sigmas) around nominal position. Units: ARCSECONDS 'Sky_motion Sky_mot_PA RelVel-ANG' = Total apparent angular rate of the target in the plane-of-sky. "Sky_mot_PA" is the position angle of the target's direction of motion in the plane-of-sky, measured counter-clockwise from the apparent of-date north pole direction. "RelVel-ANG" is the flight path angle of the target's relative motion with respect to the observer's line-of-sight, in the range [-90,+90], where positive values indicate motion away from the observer, negative values are toward the observer: -90 = target is moving directly toward the observer 0 = target is moving at right angles to the observer's line-of-sight +90 = target is moving directly away from the observer UNITS: ARCSECONDS/MINUTE, DEGREES, DEGREES Computations by ... Solar System Dynamics Group, Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Pasadena, CA 91109 USA General site: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ Mailing list: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/email_list.html System news : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/news.html User Guide : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/manual.html Connect : browser https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/app.html#/x API https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/doc/horizons.html command-line telnet ssd.jpl.nasa.gov 6775 e-mail/batch https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/horizons_batch.txt scripts https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/SCRIPTS Author : Jon.D.Giorgini@jpl.nasa.gov ***************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************