API VERSION: 1.2 API SOURCE: NASA/JPL Horizons API ******************************************************************************* Revised: Apr 15, 2026 INTEGRAL Spacecraft (gamma-ray observatory) -198 http://www.esa.int/export/esaMI/Integral/ESAR0RPV16D_0.html INTEGRAL (INTErnational Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory): Deployment (Proton) = Oct 17, 2002 Diameter/length (meters) = 3.7/5 m ORBITAL DATA: Inclination = 51 degrees Orbital period = ~72 hours Apogee altitude = ~ 155000 km Perigee altitude = ~9,000 km The spacecraft will spend most of its time above an altitude of 40,000 km (outside Earth's radiation belts), thus minimizing background radiation effects. Will study black holes, neutron stars, active galactic nuclei and supernovae, providing information on formation of new chemical elements and gamma-ray bursts. ESA mission. WEIGHTS & PROPULSION: Launch Mass: 4 tonnes SPACECRAFT TRAJECTORY Launch to 2005-Jan-31 JPL Multi-Mission Navigation Team, merged solutions: OD0018_021017, OD0020_021019, OD0022_021021, OD0030_021029, OD0035_021108, OD0037_021119, OD0040_021129, OD0042_021206, OD0045_021216, OD0047_021222, OD0051_030102, OD0053_030108, OD0057_030120, OD0060_030127, OD0062_030207, OD0066_030219, OD0068_030228, OD0071_030310, OD0075_030321, OD0079_030402, OD0084_030416, OD0089_030502, OD0090_030505, OD0097_030529, OD0105_030624, OD0113_030721, OD0122_030817, OD0127_030907, OD0131_030919, OD0134_031001, OD0141_031022, OD0148_031117, OD0153_031201, OD0157_031212, OD0163_031230, OD0169_040126, OD0179_040222, OD0182_040302, OD0184_040309, OD0192_040401, OD0202_040428, OD0209_040521, OD0212_040530, OD0219_040620, OD0227_040714, OD0236_040810, OD0240_040822, OD0246_040906, OD0251_040927, OD0256_041015, OD0260_041101, OD0267_041123, OD0277_041215, OD0285_050101. 2005-Jan-31 to 2015-Jan-01: JSpOC TLEs 2015-Jan-01 to 2015-Dec-02: ESA-provided ephemeris 2015-Dec-02 to PRESENT : JSpOC TLEs NOTE: The ESA ephemeris is used for much of 2015 since TLE's issued by JSpOC were based on an obsolete predictive ephemeris for the spacecraft that did not reflect January 2015 maneuvering of INTEGRAL to a different orbit. http://sci.esa.int/integral/55345-integral-manoeuvres-for-the-future/ ******************************************************************************* ******************************************************************************* Ephemeris / API_USER Wed Apr 15 18:20:51 2026 Pasadena, USA / Horizons ******************************************************************************* Target body name: INTEGRAL (spacecraft) (-198) {source: integral_merged} Center body name: Earth (399) {source: DE441} Center-site name: Swan Reach Imaging, Glenalta ******************************************************************************* Start time : A.D. 2025-Aug-07 00:00:00.0000 UT Stop time : A.D. 2025-Aug-21 00:00:00.0000 UT Step-size : 10 minutes ******************************************************************************* Target pole/equ : undefined Target radii : undefined Center geodetic : 139.5701, -34.5440227, .056888 {E-lon(deg),Lat(deg),Alt(km)} Center cylindric: 139.5701,5259.32258,-3596.34777 {E-lon(deg),Dxy(km),Dz(km)} Center pole/equ : ITRF93 {East-longitude positive} Center radii : 6378.137, 6378.137, 6356.752 km {Equator_a, b, pole_c} Target primary : Earth Vis. interferer : MOON (R_eq= 1737.400) km {source: DE441} Rel. light bend : Sun {source: DE441} Rel. lght bnd GM: 1.3271E+11 km^3/s^2 Atmos refraction: NO (AIRLESS) RA format : HMS Time format : CAL Calendar mode : Mixed Julian/Gregorian RTS-only print : NO EOP file : eop.260415.p260711 EOP coverage : DATA-BASED 1962-JAN-20 TO 2026-APR-15. PREDICTS-> 2026-JUL-10 Units conversion: 1 au= 149597870.700 km, c= 299792.458 km/s, 1 day= 86400.0 s Table cut-offs 1: Elevation ( 0.0deg=YES),Airmass (>38.000=NO), Daylight (YES) Table cut-offs 2: Solar elongation ( 12.0,180.0=YES),Local Hour Angle( 0.0=NO ) Table cut-offs 3: RA/DEC angular rate ( 0.0=NO ) *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** Date__(UT)__HR:MN R.A._____(ICRF)_____DEC Azi____(a-app)___Elev APmag S-brt r rdot delta deldot S-O-T /r S-T-O T-O-M/MN_Illu% RA_3sigma DEC_3sigma Sky_motion Sky_mot_PA RelVel-ANG *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** $$SOE >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Aug-08 14:20 m 05 43 43.55 -59 48 51.4 158.352593 11.638990 n.a. n.a. 1.013903966344 4.9324714 0.00005631647016 -1.0215141 86.8309 /L 93.1658 90.9/ 99.2977 n.a. n.a. 11259.387 278.22343 -7.587168 2025-Aug-08 14:30 m 02 46 34.30 -43 55 04.0 127.438799 24.762442 n.a. n.a. 1.013921883736 3.9777866 0.00005760503684 1.5932293 105.8611 /L 74.1359 76.2/ 99.3057 n.a. n.a. 10321.679 319.73269 12.502423 2025-Aug-08 14:40 m 01 41 29.31 -23 11 41.8 98.851485 29.790343 n.a. n.a. 1.013935938972 3.0492266 0.00006776333391 3.2715426 117.0364 /L 62.9606 68.6/ 99.3138 n.a. n.a. 7391.4485 333.50939 28.386629 2025-Aug-08 14:50 e 01 13 01.66 -07 35 50.3 77.968091 29.502922 n.a. n.a. 1.013946593574 2.2915174 0.00008255713995 3.9842353 121.0036 /L 58.9930 66.8/ 99.3219 n.a. n.a. 5031.9846 339.01397 38.429882 2025-Aug-08 15:00 m 00 57 15.18 +03 29 33.4 63.542308 27.527587 n.a. n.a. 1.013954568592 1.7091139 0.00009909581808 4.2081282 121.4013 /L 58.5946 67.3/ 99.3301 n.a. n.a. 3559.1479 341.90098 44.626771 2025-Aug-08 15:10 m 00 47 02.62 +11 38 24.2 53.153091 25.305444 n.a. n.a. 1.013960498500 1.2656081 0.00011605694907 4.2253532 120.4171 /L 59.5780 68.7/ 99.3382 n.a. n.a. 2650.6056 343.63566 48.650856 2025-Aug-08 15:20 m 00 39 42.72 +17 53 19.0 45.219237 23.229864 n.a. n.a. 1.013964864977 0.9243959 0.00013289302830 4.1586597 118.9794 /L 61.0148 70.3/ 99.3464 n.a. n.a. 2064.0202 344.72833 51.435031 2025-Aug-08 15:30 m 00 34 02.80 +22 51 44.5 38.845940 21.369728 n.a. n.a. 1.013968019410 0.6574825 0.00014938580513 4.0597418 117.4510 /L 62.5423 71.8/ 99.3546 n.a. n.a. 1665.0795 345.41256 53.475284 2025-Aug-08 15:40 m 00 29 25.66 +26 56 27.7 33.520639 19.706543 n.a. n.a. 1.013970217676 0.4449590 0.00016545683509 3.9508573 115.9693 /L 64.0230 73.2/ 99.3629 n.a. n.a. 1380.8920 345.81688 55.044475 2025-Aug-08 15:50 m 00 25 30.43 +30 21 55.6 28.935861 18.203705 n.a. n.a. 1.013971648392 0.2728775 0.00018108839456 3.8417514 114.5826 /L 65.4089 74.4/ 99.3712 n.a. n.a. 1170.4223 346.02042 56.300670 2025-Aug-08 16:00 m 00 22 04.56 +33 17 42.3 24.897803 16.825788 n.a. n.a. 1.013972452980 0.1314058 0.00019628925878 3.7366235 113.3031 /L 66.6874 75.6/ 99.3796 n.a. n.a. 1009.4409 346.07559 57.340268 2025-Aug-08 16:10 m 00 19 00.04 +35 50 23.2 21.278698 15.543083 n.a. n.a. 1.013972739380 0.0135140 0.00021107928881 3.6371278 112.1289 /L 67.8608 76.6/ 99.3881 n.a. n.a. 882.96649 346.01894 58.224849 2025-Aug-08 16:20 m 00 16 11.57 +38 04 39.7 17.990968 14.331834 n.a. n.a. 1.013972591412 -0.0859100 0.00022548228564 3.5437266 111.0524 /L 68.9364 77.6/ 99.3965 n.a. n.a. 781.34439 345.87701 58.995365 2025-Aug-08 16:30 m 00 13 35.51 +40 03 58.1 14.972547 13.173375 n.a. n.a. 1.013972075208 -0.1706483 0.00023952264288 3.4563264 110.0647 /L 69.9232 78.4/ 99.4051 n.a. n.a. 698.12319 345.66976 59.680014 2025-Aug-08 16:40 m 00 11 09.28 +41 50 53.5 12.178171 12.053133 n.a. n.a. 1.013971243711 -0.2435460 0.00025322380846 3.3745855 109.1567 /L 70.8304 79.2/ 99.4137 n.a. n.a. 628.85401 345.41267 60.298789 2025-Aug-08 16:50 m 00 08 51.02 +43 27 25.1 9.574004 10.959738 n.a. n.a. 1.013970139870 -0.3067773 0.00026660762900 3.2980655 108.3200 /L 71.6664 79.9/ 99.4224 n.a. n.a. 570.38364 345.11805 60.866227 2025-Aug-08 17:00 m 00 06 39.39 +44 55 06.3 7.134203 9.884329 n.a. n.a. 1.013968798941 -0.3620272 0.00027969412936 3.2263056 107.5470 /L 72.4386 80.5/ 99.4311 n.a. n.a. 520.42299 344.79602 61.393122 2025-Aug-08 17:10 m 00 04 33.36 +46 15 11.4 4.838652 8.820000 n.a. n.a. 1.013967250181 -0.4106199 0.00029250150497 3.1588590 106.8310 /L 73.1538 81.1/ 99.4399 n.a. n.a. 477.27502 344.45504 61.887633 2025-Aug-08 17:20 m 00 02 32.18 +47 28 40.4 2.671426 7.761382 n.a. n.a. 1.013965518102 -0.4536079 0.00030504621422 3.0953084 106.1661 /L 73.8179 81.6/ 99.4488 n.a. n.a. 439.65803 344.10236 62.356017 2025-Aug-08 17:30 m 00 00 35.30 +48 36 22.7 0.619727 6.704316 n.a. n.a. 1.013963623429 -0.4918377 0.00031734311285 3.0352728 105.5472 /L 74.4361 82.1/ 99.4577 n.a. n.a. 406.58793 343.74434 62.803126 2025-Aug-08 17:40 t 23 58 42.27 +49 38 59.0 358.673129 5.645606 n.a. n.a. 1.013961583822 -0.5259969 0.00032940560091 2.9784077 104.9698 /L 75.0128 82.6/ 99.4667 n.a. n.a. 377.29800 343.38666 63.232756 2025-Aug-08 17:50 m 23 56 52.80 +50 37 03.5 356.823033 4.582826 n.a. n.a. 1.013959414439 -0.5566492 0.00034124576762 2.9244037 104.4299 /L 75.5520 83.0/ 99.4758 n.a. n.a. 351.18290 343.03447 63.647894 2025-Aug-08 18:00 m 23 55 06.63 +51 31 05.2 355.062264 3.514165 n.a. n.a. 1.013957128382 -0.5842610 0.00035287452724 2.8729840 103.9238 /L 76.0574 83.4/ 99.4849 n.a. n.a. 327.75910 342.69255 64.050895 2025-Aug-08 18:10 m 23 53 23.61 +52 21 28.8 353.384780 2.438311 n.a. n.a. 1.013954737045 -0.6092210 0.00036430174287 2.8239010 103.4486 /L 76.5319 83.7/ 99.4941 n.a. n.a. 306.63613 342.36535 64.443609 2025-Aug-08 18:20 m 23 51 43.60 +53 08 35.6 351.785437 1.354356 n.a. n.a. 1.013952250390 -0.6318555 0.00037553633796 2.7769333 103.0014 /L 76.9785 84.1/ 99.5033 n.a. n.a. 287.49571 342.05710 64.827485 2025-Aug-08 18:30 m 23 50 06.53 +53 52 44.0 350.259829 0.261719 n.a. n.a. 1.013949677174 -0.6524405 0.00038658639556 2.7318830 102.5797 /L 77.3995 84.4/ 99.5126 n.a. n.a. 270.07601 341.77186 65.203637 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Aug-16 13:50 t 05 52 11.69 -60 28 30.6 159.470648 11.656580 n.a. n.a. 1.012570036166 5.6664654 0.00005688095603 -1.1143655 87.1756 /L 92.8211 89.4/ 45.2382 n.a. n.a. 11091.518 275.80994 -8.309880 2025-Aug-16 14:00 02 48 59.21 -45 26 18.8 129.040572 25.248088 n.a. n.a. 1.012590932685 4.7170552 0.00005770772311 1.4706660 109.2318 /L 70.7650 71.6/ 45.1500 n.a. n.a. 10319.972 318.91989 11.549317 2025-Aug-16 14:10 01 41 25.20 -24 41 28.1 100.203337 30.789250 n.a. n.a. 1.012607877325 3.7442847 0.00006743274433 3.1828752 123.2074 /L 56.7897 57.9/ 45.0630 n.a. n.a. 7478.2601 333.31732 27.573248 2025-Aug-16 14:20 e 01 12 13.29 -08 52 59.7 78.803611 30.704669 n.a. n.a. 1.012621199113 2.9244411 0.00008194856143 3.9316550 128.7514 /L 51.2455 50.3/ 44.9772 n.a. n.a. 5111.3050 338.97344 37.830866 2025-Aug-16 14:30 00 56 09.76 +02 23 07.9 63.985532 28.742613 n.a. n.a. 1.012631587759 2.2797792 0.00009832585455 4.1775400 129.6876 /L 50.3088 46.5/ 44.8926 n.a. n.a. 3615.9158 341.90224 44.188065 2025-Aug-16 14:40 00 45 49.35 +10 39 42.4 53.344580 26.470555 n.a. n.a. 1.012639692671 1.7802679 0.00011519305475 4.2071563 128.7285 /L 51.2671 44.8/ 44.8092 n.a. n.a. 2690.2415 343.65051 48.318602 2025-Aug-16 14:50 00 38 25.45 +17 00 08.6 45.248331 24.330628 n.a. n.a. 1.012646024071 1.3905057 0.00013197353339 4.1476325 127.1163 /L 52.8785 44.2/ 44.7270 n.a. n.a. 2092.3645 344.74889 51.173696 2025-Aug-16 15:00 00 32 43.40 +22 02 37.1 38.765350 22.406872 n.a. n.a. 1.012650962436 1.0819137 0.00014843336581 4.0530656 125.3499 /L 54.6440 44.2/ 44.6461 n.a. n.a. 1686.0227 345.43670 53.262794 2025-Aug-16 15:10 00 28 05.17 +26 10 24.1 33.362116 20.684828 n.a. n.a. 1.012654789240 0.8335585 0.00016448550944 3.9469508 123.6204 /L 56.3726 44.4/ 44.5664 n.a. n.a. 1396.8553 345.84426 54.866937 2025-Aug-16 15:20 00 24 09.48 +29 38 15.1 28.719363 19.128442 n.a. n.a. 1.012657714543 0.6304859 0.00018010731295 3.8396854 121.9961 /L 57.9960 44.8/ 44.4880 n.a. n.a. 1182.9242 346.05138 56.149056 2025-Aug-16 15:30 00 20 43.54 +32 35 56.2 24.636458 17.701827 n.a. n.a. 1.012659897433 0.4620029 0.00019530459495 3.7358274 120.4958 /L 59.4954 45.3/ 44.4108 n.a. n.a. 1019.4602 346.11074 57.208502 2025-Aug-16 15:40 00 17 39.25 +35 10 10.3 20.981522 16.374583 n.a. n.a. 1.012661460388 0.3203786 0.00021009536621 3.6372372 119.1186 /L 60.8717 45.8/ 44.3349 n.a. n.a. 891.15426 346.05897 58.108702 2025-Aug-16 15:50 00 14 51.22 +37 25 44.2 17.664398 15.122294 n.a. n.a. 1.012662499231 0.1999393 0.00022450222578 3.5445004 117.8564 /L 62.1331 46.4/ 44.2602 n.a. n.a. 788.14703 345.92267 58.891799 2025-Aug-16 16:00 00 12 15.77 +39 26 08.0 14.621346 13.925731 n.a. n.a. 1.012663090081 0.0964550 0.00023854876033 3.4576002 116.6984 /L 63.2903 46.9/ 44.1868 n.a. n.a. 703.85551 345.72181 59.586783 2025-Aug-16 16:10 m 00 09 50.29 +41 13 59.4 11.805972 12.769851 n.a. n.a. 1.012663294254 0.0067216 0.00025225786008 3.3762442 115.6340 /L 64.3538 47.5/ 44.1146 n.a. n.a. 633.74365 345.47187 60.214187 2025-Aug-16 16:20 m 00 07 32.91 +42 51 19.6 9.183660 11.642910 n.a. n.a. 1.012663161775 -0.0717235 0.00026565097579 3.3000262 114.6532 /L 65.3338 48.0/ 44.0436 n.a. n.a. 574.59894 345.18518 60.788927 2025-Aug-16 16:30 m 00 05 22.25 +44 19 43.4 6.728005 10.535740 n.a. n.a. 1.012662733930 -0.1408000 0.00027874784464 3.2285074 113.7471 /L 66.2391 48.5/ 43.9738 n.a. n.a. 524.09100 344.87182 61.322066 2025-Aug-16 16:40 m 00 03 17.30 +45 40 26.1 4.418481 9.441189 n.a. n.a. 1.012662045152 -0.2020235 0.00029156644832 3.1612562 112.9077 /L 67.0777 49.0/ 43.9052 n.a. n.a. 480.49334 344.54025 61.821959 2025-Aug-16 16:50 m 00 01 17.29 +46 54 28.9 2.238853 8.353686 n.a. n.a. 1.012661124436 -0.2566045 0.00030412308302 3.0978660 112.1281 /L 67.8566 49.5/ 43.8378 n.a. n.a. 442.50287 344.19770 62.295006 2025-Aug-16 17:00 m 23 59 21.64 +48 02 41.5 0.176084 7.268910 n.a. n.a. 1.012659996402 -0.3055209 0.00031643247893 3.0379633 111.4023 /L 68.5817 49.9/ 43.7715 n.a. n.a. 409.11967 343.85052 62.746168 2025-Aug-16 17:10 t 23 57 29.93 +49 05 45.3 358.219559 6.183529 n.a. n.a. 1.012658682126 -0.3495699 0.00032850793699 2.9812092 110.7249 /L 69.2584 50.4/ 43.7064 n.a. n.a. 379.56512 343.50436 63.179320 2025-Aug-16 17:20 m 23 55 41.83 +50 04 15.1 356.360526 5.095005 n.a. n.a. 1.012657199780 -0.3894080 0.00034036146685 2.9272986 110.0912 /L 69.8913 50.8/ 43.6423 n.a. n.a. 353.22481 343.16436 63.597511 2025-Aug-16 17:30 m 23 53 57.10 +50 58 39.9 354.591688 4.001433 n.a. n.a. 1.012655565133 -0.4255801 0.00035200391747 2.8759576 109.4971 /L 70.4847 51.2/ 43.5794 n.a. n.a. 329.60817 342.83527 64.003139 2025-Aug-16 17:40 m 23 52 15.57 +51 49 25.0 352.906894 2.901422 n.a. n.a. 1.012653791952 -0.4585420 0.00036344509766 2.8269409 108.9391 /L 71.0420 51.5/ 43.5175 n.a. n.a. 308.31926 342.52152 64.398093 2025-Aug-16 17:50 m 23 50 37.11 +52 36 51.7 351.300915 1.793995 n.a. n.a. 1.012651892327 -0.4886778 0.00037469388475 2.7800291 108.4139 /L 71.5665 51.9/ 43.4567 n.a. n.a. 289.03544 342.22732 64.783844 2025-Aug-16 18:00 m 23 49 01.63 +53 21 18.9 349.769266 0.678515 n.a. n.a. 1.012649876924 -0.5163134 0.00038575832211 2.7350254 107.9187 /L 72.0611 52.2/ 43.3968 n.a. n.a. 271.49142 341.95669 65.161525 2025-Aug-16 18:10 m 23 47 29.08 +54 03 02.7 348.308073 -0.445381 n.a. n.a. 1.012647755204 -0.5417268 0.00039664570576 2.6917536 107.4508 /L 72.5284 52.6/ 43.3379 n.a. n.a. 255.46736 341.71351 65.531987 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< $$EOE *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** Column meaning: TIME Times PRIOR to 1962 are UT1, a mean-solar time closely related to the prior but now-deprecated GMT. Times AFTER 1962 are in UTC, the current civil or "wall-clock" time-scale. UTC is kept within 0.9 seconds of UT1 using integer leap-seconds for 1972 and later years. Conversion from the internal Barycentric Dynamical Time (TDB) of solar system dynamics to the non-uniform civil UT time-scale requested for output has not been determined for UTC times after the next July or January 1st. Therefore, the last known leap-second is used as a constant over future intervals. Time tags refer to the UT time-scale conversion from TDB on Earth regardless of observer location within the solar system, although clock rates may differ due to the local gravity field and no analog to "UT" may be defined for that location. Any 'b' symbol in the 1st-column denotes a B.C. date. First-column blank (" ") denotes an A.D. date. CALENDAR SYSTEM Mixed calendar mode was active such that calendar dates after AD 1582-Oct-15 (if any) are in the modern Gregorian system. Dates prior to 1582-Oct-5 (if any) are in the Julian calendar system, which is automatically extended for dates prior to its adoption on 45-Jan-1 BC. The Julian calendar is useful for matching historical dates. The Gregorian calendar more accurately corresponds to the Earth's orbital motion and seasons. A "Gregorian-only" calendar mode is available if such physical events are the primary interest. NOTE: "n.a." in output means quantity "not available" at the print-time. SOLAR PRESENCE (OBSERVING SITE) Time tag is followed by a blank, then a solar-presence condition code: '*' Daylight (refracted solar upper-limb on or above apparent horizon) 'C' Civil twilight/dawn 'N' Nautical twilight/dawn 'A' Astronomical twilight/dawn ' ' Night OR geocentric ephemeris LUNAR PRESENCE WITH TARGET RISE/TRANSIT/SET EVENT MARKER (OBSERVING SITE) The solar-presence code column is immediately followed by another marker: 'm' Refracted upper-limb of Moon on or above apparent horizon ' ' Refracted upper-limb of Moon below apparent horizon OR geocentric The lunar presence marker (an ongoing state) can be over-ridden by a target event marker if an event has occurred since the last output step: 'r' Rise (target body on or went above cut-off RTS elevation) 'e' Elevation max (target body maximum elevation angle has occurred) 't' Transit (target body at or passed through observer meridian) 's' Set (target body on or went below cut-off RTS elevation) RTS MARKERS (TVH) Rise and set are with respect to the reference ellipsoid true visual horizon defined by the elevation cut-off angle. Horizon dip and yellow-light refraction (Earth only) are considered. Accuracy is < or = to twice the requested search step-size. 'R.A._____(ICRF)_____DEC' = Astrometric right ascension and declination of the target center with respect to the observing site (coordinate origin) in the reference frame of the planetary ephemeris (ICRF). Compensated for down-leg light-time delay aberration. Units: RA in hours-minutes-seconds of time, HH MM SS.ff{ffff} DEC in degrees-minutes-seconds of arc, sDD MN SC.f{ffff} 'Azi____(a-app)___Elev' = Airless apparent azimuth and elevation of target center. Compensated for light-time, the gravitational deflection of light, stellar aberration, precession and nutation. Azimuth is measured clockwise from north: North(0) -> East(90) -> South(180) -> West(270) -> North (360) Elevation angle is with respect to a plane perpendicular to the reference surface local zenith direction. TOPOCENTRIC ONLY. Units: DEGREES 'APmag S-brt' = The targets' approximate apparent visual magnitude and surface brightness. For planets and natural satellites, output is restricted to solar phase angles covered by observational data. Outside the observed phase angle range, "n.a." may be output to avoid extrapolation beyond the limit of model validity. For Earth-based observers, the estimated dimming due to atmospheric absorption (extinction) is available as a separate, requestable quantity. Surface brightness is the average airless visual magnitude of a square-arcsecond of the illuminated portion of the apparent disk. It is computed only if the target radius is known. Units: MAGNITUDES & MAGNITUDES PER SQUARE ARCSECOND 'r rdot' = The Sun's apparent range ("r", light-time aberrated) and range-rate ("rdot") relative to the target center, as seen by the observer. A positive "rdot" means the target center was moving away from the Sun, negative means moving toward the Sun. Units: AU and KM/S 'delta deldot' = Apparent range ("delta", light-time aberrated) and range-rate ("delta-dot") of the target center relative to the observer. A positive "deldot" means the target center is moving away from the observer, negative indicates movement toward the observer. Units: AU and KM/S 'S-O-T /r' = Sun-Observer-Target apparent SOLAR ELONGATION ANGLE seen from the observers' location at print-time. The '/r' column provides a code indicating the targets' apparent position relative to the Sun in the observers' sky, as described below: Case A: For an observing location on the surface of a rotating body, that body rotational sense is considered: /T indicates target TRAILS Sun (evening sky: rises and sets AFTER Sun) /L indicates target LEADS Sun (morning sky: rises and sets BEFORE Sun) Case B: For an observing point that does not have a rotational model (such as a spacecraft), the "leading" and "trailing" condition is defined by the observers' heliocentric ORBITAL motion: * If continuing in the observers' current direction of heliocentric motion would encounter the targets' apparent longitude first, followed by the Sun's, the target LEADS the Sun as seen by the observer. * If the Sun's apparent longitude would be encountered first, followed by the targets', the target TRAILS the Sun. Two other codes can be output: /* indicates observer is Sun-centered (undefined) /? Target is aligned with Sun center (no lead or trail) The S-O-T solar elongation angle is numerically the minimum separation angle of the Sun and target in the sky in any direction. It does NOT indicate the amount of separation in the leading or trailing directions, which would be defined along the equator of a spherical coordinate system. Units: DEGREES 'S-T-O' = The Sun-Target-Observer angle; the interior vertex angle at target center formed by a vector from the target to the apparent center of the Sun (at reflection time on the target) and the apparent vector from target to the observer at print-time. Slightly different from true PHASE ANGLE (requestable separately) at the few arcsecond level in that it includes stellar aberration on the down-leg from target to observer. Units: DEGREES 'T-O-M/MN_Illu%' = Target-Observer-Moon LUNAR ELONGATION angle and illuminated percentage. The apparent lunar elongation angle between target body center and Moon center, seen from the observing site, along with fraction of the lunar disk illuminated by the Sun. A negative lunar elongation angle indicates the target center is behind the Moon. Units: DEGREES & PERCENT 'RA_3sigma DEC_3sigma' = Uncertainty in Right-Ascension and Declination. Output values are the formal +/- 3 standard-deviations (sigmas) around nominal position. Units: ARCSECONDS 'Sky_motion Sky_mot_PA RelVel-ANG' = Total apparent angular rate of the target in the plane-of-sky. "Sky_mot_PA" is the position angle of the target's direction of motion in the plane-of-sky, measured counter-clockwise from the apparent of-date north pole direction. "RelVel-ANG" is the flight path angle of the target's relative motion with respect to the observer's line-of-sight, in the range [-90,+90], where positive values indicate motion away from the observer, negative values are toward the observer: -90 = target is moving directly toward the observer 0 = target is moving at right angles to the observer's line-of-sight +90 = target is moving directly away from the observer UNITS: ARCSECONDS/MINUTE, DEGREES, DEGREES Computations by ... Solar System Dynamics Group, Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Pasadena, CA 91109 USA General site: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ Mailing list: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/email_list.html System news : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/news.html User Guide : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/manual.html Connect : browser https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/app.html#/x API https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/doc/horizons.html command-line telnet ssd.jpl.nasa.gov 6775 e-mail/batch https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/horizons_batch.txt scripts https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/SCRIPTS Author : Jon.D.Giorgini@jpl.nasa.gov ***************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************