API VERSION: 1.2 API SOURCE: NASA/JPL Horizons API ******************************************************************************* Revised: Jul 06, 2025 INTEGRAL Spacecraft (gamma-ray observatory) -198 http://www.esa.int/export/esaMI/Integral/ESAR0RPV16D_0.html INTEGRAL (INTErnational Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory): Deployment (Proton) = Oct 17, 2002 Diameter/length (meters) = 3.7/5 m ORBITAL DATA: Inclination = 51 degrees Orbital period = ~72 hours Apogee altitude = ~ 155000 km Perigee altitude = ~9,000 km The spacecraft will spend most of its time above an altitude of 40,000 km (outside Earth's radiation belts), thus minimizing background radiation effects. Will study black holes, neutron stars, active galactic nuclei and supernovae, providing information on formation of new chemical elements and gamma-ray bursts. ESA mission. WEIGHTS & PROPULSION: Launch Mass: 4 tonnes SPACECRAFT TRAJECTORY Launch to 2005-Jan-31 JPL Multi-Mission Navigation Team, merged solutions: OD0018_021017, OD0020_021019, OD0022_021021, OD0030_021029, OD0035_021108, OD0037_021119, OD0040_021129, OD0042_021206, OD0045_021216, OD0047_021222, OD0051_030102, OD0053_030108, OD0057_030120, OD0060_030127, OD0062_030207, OD0066_030219, OD0068_030228, OD0071_030310, OD0075_030321, OD0079_030402, OD0084_030416, OD0089_030502, OD0090_030505, OD0097_030529, OD0105_030624, OD0113_030721, OD0122_030817, OD0127_030907, OD0131_030919, OD0134_031001, OD0141_031022, OD0148_031117, OD0153_031201, OD0157_031212, OD0163_031230, OD0169_040126, OD0179_040222, OD0182_040302, OD0184_040309, OD0192_040401, OD0202_040428, OD0209_040521, OD0212_040530, OD0219_040620, OD0227_040714, OD0236_040810, OD0240_040822, OD0246_040906, OD0251_040927, OD0256_041015, OD0260_041101, OD0267_041123, OD0277_041215, OD0285_050101. 2005-Jan-31 to 2015-Jan-01: JSpOC TLEs 2015-Jan-01 to 2015-Dec-02: ESA-provided ephemeris 2015-Dec-02 to PRESENT : JSpOC TLEs NOTE: The ESA ephemeris is used for much of 2015 since TLE's issued by JSpOC were based on an obsolete predictive ephemeris for the spacecraft that did not reflect January 2015 maneuvering of INTEGRAL to a different orbit. http://sci.esa.int/integral/55345-integral-manoeuvres-for-the-future/ ******************************************************************************* ******************************************************************************* Ephemeris / API_USER Tue Jul 8 20:17:42 2025 Pasadena, USA / Horizons ******************************************************************************* Target body name: INTEGRAL (spacecraft) (-198) {source: integral_merged} Center body name: Earth (399) {source: DE441} Center-site name: Swan Reach Imaging, Glenalta ******************************************************************************* Start time : A.D. 2025-Jul-06 00:00:00.0000 UT Stop time : A.D. 2025-Jul-20 00:00:00.0000 UT Step-size : 10 minutes ******************************************************************************* Target pole/equ : undefined Target radii : undefined Center geodetic : 139.5701, -34.5440227, .056888 {E-lon(deg),Lat(deg),Alt(km)} Center cylindric: 139.5701,5259.32258,-3596.34777 {E-lon(deg),Dxy(km),Dz(km)} Center pole/equ : ITRF93 {East-longitude positive} Center radii : 6378.137, 6378.137, 6356.752 km {Equator_a, b, pole_c} Target primary : Earth Vis. interferer : MOON (R_eq= 1737.400) km {source: DE441} Rel. light bend : Sun {source: DE441} Rel. lght bnd GM: 1.3271E+11 km^3/s^2 Atmos refraction: NO (AIRLESS) RA format : HMS Time format : CAL Calendar mode : Mixed Julian/Gregorian RTS-only print : NO EOP file : eop.250708.p251004 EOP coverage : DATA-BASED 1962-JAN-20 TO 2025-JUL-08. PREDICTS-> 2025-OCT-03 Units conversion: 1 au= 149597870.700 km, c= 299792.458 km/s, 1 day= 86400.0 s Table cut-offs 1: Elevation ( 0.0deg=YES),Airmass (>38.000=NO), Daylight (YES) Table cut-offs 2: Solar elongation ( 12.0,180.0=YES),Local Hour Angle( 0.0=NO ) Table cut-offs 3: RA/DEC angular rate ( 0.0=NO ) *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** Date__(UT)__HR:MN R.A._____(ICRF)_____DEC Azi____(a-app)___Elev APmag S-brt r rdot delta deldot S-O-T /r S-T-O T-O-M/MN_Illu% RA_3sigma DEC_3sigma Sky_motion Sky_mot_PA RelVel-ANG *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** $$SOE >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-07 16:10 m 04 36 55.53 -54 15 41.6 149.310804 12.053277 n.a. n.a. 1.016645440733 0.9983743 0.00005642902886 0.0467962 83.3005 /L 96.6964 99.3/ 89.6230 n.a. n.a. 11281.708 296.03713 0.3538594 2025-Jul-07 16:20 m 02 31 58.40 -34 56 12.7 118.879050 20.470689 n.a. n.a. 1.016648017765 0.3138868 0.00006161780974 2.3827428 86.8674 /L 93.1296 113.4/ 89.6558 n.a. n.a. 9225.0913 324.57592 19.129072 2025-Jul-07 16:30 m 01 43 37.07 -16 16 41.1 94.481511 22.688945 n.a. n.a. 1.016648224110 -0.1793010 0.00007402227725 3.6278565 88.0914 /L 91.9052 122.5/ 89.6893 n.a. n.a. 6394.9027 334.69919 32.377320 2025-Jul-07 16:40 e 01 20 10.04 -02 38 30.9 77.273135 21.958253 n.a. n.a. 1.016646808897 -0.5028848 0.00008969925901 4.1007241 88.0008 /L 91.9949 127.3/ 89.7234 n.a. n.a. 4416.8824 339.38072 40.572766 2025-Jul-07 16:50 m 01 06 20.46 +07 12 48.4 65.035123 20.422423 n.a. n.a. 1.016644345494 -0.7101529 0.00010646180599 4.2195881 87.4231 /L 92.5717 129.6/ 89.7582 n.a. n.a. 3196.7561 342.04708 45.726670 2025-Jul-07 17:00 m 00 57 02.86 +14 36 33.5 55.867610 18.819527 n.a. n.a. 1.016641210662 -0.8432977 0.00012336408182 4.1922447 86.7183 /L 93.2756 130.6/ 89.7935 n.a. n.a. 2429.4682 343.71593 49.166850 2025-Jul-07 17:10 m 00 50 12.44 +20 23 06.0 48.632174 17.343683 n.a. n.a. 1.016637642909 -0.9295467 0.00014002175476 4.1068070 86.0200 /L 93.9729 131.0/ 89.8295 n.a. n.a. 1922.4695 344.79163 51.609026 2025-Jul-07 17:20 m 00 44 49.84 +25 02 55.0 42.673355 16.022038 n.a. n.a. 1.016633794082 -0.9856411 0.00015628701372 4.0005216 85.3735 /L 94.6184 131.0/ 89.8662 n.a. n.a. 1570.4667 345.47628 53.437804 2025-Jul-07 17:30 m 00 40 23.53 +28 54 58.4 37.601516 14.835876 n.a. n.a. 1.016629762833 -1.0218940 0.00017211295660 3.8894738 84.7906 /L 95.2005 130.8/ 89.9035 n.a. n.a. 1315.3757 345.88662 54.869308 2025-Jul-07 17:40 m 00 36 35.32 +32 11 33.7 33.174082 13.757449 n.a. n.a. 1.016625614783 -1.0447821 0.00018749644132 3.7806392 84.2705 /L 95.7197 130.5/ 89.9414 n.a. n.a. 1123.7789 346.09650 56.031601 2025-Jul-07 17:50 m 00 33 14.00 +35 00 58.3 29.233091 12.760684 n.a. n.a. 1.016621394583 -1.0584740 0.00020245305818 3.6769162 83.8082 /L 96.1812 130.1/ 89.9800 n.a. n.a. 975.52814 346.15559 57.004472 2025-Jul-07 18:00 m 00 30 12.33 +37 29 00.2 25.671496 11.823744 n.a. n.a. 1.016617133226 -1.0657201 0.00021700577474 3.5793252 83.3973 /L 96.5912 129.7/ 90.0193 n.a. n.a. 857.93159 346.09888 57.839889 2025-Jul-07 18:10 m 00 27 25.43 +39 39 50.6 22.414221 10.929092 n.a. n.a. 1.016612852600 -1.0683782 0.00023117967500 3.4880134 83.0319 /L 96.9559 129.2/ 90.0592 n.a. n.a. 762.67724 345.95200 58.573023 2025-Jul-07 18:20 m 00 24 49.92 +41 36 35.5 19.407043 10.062891 n.a. n.a. 1.016608568374 -1.0677304 0.00024499952665 3.4027300 82.7062 /L 97.2807 128.8/ 90.0997 n.a. n.a. 684.13322 345.73432 59.228475 2025-Jul-07 18:30 m 00 22 23.37 +43 21 36.4 16.609803 9.214303 n.a. n.a. 1.016604291894 -1.0646781 0.00025848870248 3.3230567 82.4154 /L 97.5708 128.3/ 90.1409 n.a. n.a. 618.36905 345.46096 59.823935 2025-Jul-07 18:40 m 00 20 04.04 +44 56 42.7 13.992096 8.374881 n.a. n.a. 1.016600031434 -1.0598663 0.00027166876147 3.2485203 82.1551 /L 97.8304 127.9/ 90.1827 n.a. n.a. 562.56992 345.14401 60.372431 2025-Jul-07 18:50 m 00 17 50.65 +46 23 20.7 11.530463 7.538059 n.a. n.a. 1.016595793059 -1.0537631 0.00028455935195 3.1786475 81.9216 /L 98.0631 127.5/ 90.2251 n.a. n.a. 514.67389 344.79342 60.883754 2025-Jul-07 19:00 m 00 15 42.22 +47 42 39.5 9.206497 6.698761 n.a. n.a. 1.016591581220 -1.0467127 0.00029717826857 3.1129899 81.7116 /L 98.2724 127.0/ 90.2681 n.a. n.a. 473.14020 344.41755 61.365385 2025-Jul-07 19:10 m 00 13 38.04 +48 55 35.5 7.005535 5.853092 n.a. n.a. 1.016587399175 -1.0389711 0.00030954157763 3.0511350 81.5225 /L 98.4609 126.6/ 90.3117 n.a. n.a. 436.79703 344.02360 61.823118 2025-Jul-07 19:20 m 00 11 37.57 +50 02 54.8 4.915737 4.998098 n.a. n.a. 1.016583249288 -1.0307308 0.00032166376744 2.9927087 81.3516 /L 98.6311 126.2/ 90.3559 n.a. n.a. 404.73913 343.61786 62.261497 2025-Jul-07 19:30 m 00 09 40.41 +51 05 15.9 2.927423 4.131575 n.a. n.a. 1.016579133251 -1.0221371 0.00033355790210 2.9373744 81.1968 /L 98.7851 125.8/ 90.4007 n.a. n.a. 376.25725 343.20601 62.684110 2025-Jul-07 19:40 00 07 46.27 +52 03 11.3 1.032590 3.251928 n.a. n.a. 1.016575052248 -1.0133011 0.00034523576804 2.8848311 81.0564 /L 98.9249 125.4/ 90.4461 n.a. n.a. 350.78872 342.79318 63.093811 2025-Jul-07 19:50 t 00 05 54.93 +52 57 08.4 359.224551 2.358049 n.a. n.a. 1.016571007068 -1.0043079 0.00035670800888 2.8348094 80.9285 /L 99.0521 125.0/ 90.4920 n.a. n.a. 327.88204 342.38414 63.492876 2025-Jul-07 20:00 00 04 06.23 +53 47 30.8 357.497664 1.449227 n.a. n.a. 1.016566998204 -0.9952228 0.00036798424716 2.7870688 80.8118 /L 99.1682 124.7/ 90.5384 n.a. n.a. 307.17118 341.98335 63.883119 2025-Jul-07 20:10 00 02 20.08 +54 34 38.9 355.847126 0.525076 n.a. n.a. 1.016563025916 -0.9860965 0.00037907319300 2.7413945 80.7049 /L 99.2745 124.3/ 90.5854 n.a. n.a. 288.35663 341.59507 64.265978 2025-Jul-07 20:20 A 00 00 36.43 +55 18 50.4 354.268814 -0.414530 n.a. n.a. 1.016559090285 -0.9769679 0.00038998274047 2.6975939 80.6067 /L 99.3722 124.0/ 90.6328 n.a. n.a. 271.19123 341.22338 64.642586 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-10 07:50 Cm 00 31 18.11 -56 19 47.4 181.426268 0.753784 n.a. n.a. 1.016584092586 2.1914307 0.00006013080368 4.6028668 114.7338 /L 65.2639 64.4/ 99.6360 n.a. n.a. 9303.3502 356.93318 34.245684 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-15 15:40 t 05 03 43.02 -56 35 02.0 153.601647 11.258366 n.a. n.a. 1.016410221720 2.1453120 0.00005663163569 -0.3774856 84.6584 /L 95.3384 84.0/ 75.1396 n.a. n.a. 11251.028 289.05559 -2.800593 2025-Jul-15 15:50 m 02 39 42.14 -38 34 01.1 122.933443 21.091151 n.a. n.a. 1.016417208883 1.3515356 0.00006027150736 2.0665718 92.2539 /L 87.7431 55.8/ 75.0898 n.a. n.a. 9631.7973 322.34940 16.413484 2025-Jul-15 16:00 m 01 44 53.61 -19 11 14.0 97.181879 24.214286 n.a. n.a. 1.016421288159 0.7120722 0.00007175937203 3.4750310 95.7300 /L 84.2666 36.2/ 75.0406 n.a. n.a. 6773.6664 333.91275 30.603481 2025-Jul-15 16:10 e 01 19 16.02 -04 48 47.8 78.797496 23.714630 n.a. n.a. 1.016423171024 0.2529633 0.00008703749467 4.0401502 96.4794 /L 83.5165 26.4/ 74.9920 n.a. n.a. 4662.3609 339.00268 39.476862 2025-Jul-15 16:20 m 01 04 30.86 +05 32 16.4 65.814663 22.137919 n.a. n.a. 1.016423507300 -0.0664594 0.00010365998214 4.2013734 96.0866 /L 83.9084 23.8/ 74.9440 n.a. n.a. 3349.6307 341.82272 45.028714 2025-Jul-15 16:30 m 00 54 45.18 +13 15 18.9 56.193227 20.421244 n.a. n.a. 1.016422767161 -0.2897484 0.00012053909840 4.1931350 95.3035 /L 84.6905 25.1/ 74.8965 n.a. n.a. 2528.0851 343.56573 48.701204 2025-Jul-15 16:40 m 00 47 38.78 +19 14 45.0 48.671433 18.822424 n.a. n.a. 1.016421268953 -0.4485277 0.00013722646762 4.1164336 94.4262 /L 85.5669 27.8/ 74.8495 n.a. n.a. 1989.1715 344.68363 51.285132 2025-Jul-15 16:50 m 00 42 06.28 +24 03 32.6 42.523059 17.386037 n.a. n.a. 1.016419226760 -0.5636573 0.00015354542125 4.0141129 93.5661 /L 86.4261 30.7/ 74.8030 n.a. n.a. 1617.6024 345.39496 53.205033 2025-Jul-15 17:00 m 00 37 33.46 +28 02 05.5 37.319912 16.096775 n.a. n.a. 1.016416786698 -0.6486606 0.00016943554952 3.9047410 92.7626 /L 87.2286 33.5/ 74.7570 n.a. n.a. 1349.9475 345.82355 54.698031 2025-Jul-15 17:10 m 00 33 40.77 +31 23 31.6 32.797911 14.926294 n.a. n.a. 1.016414050677 -0.7123938 0.00018488714519 3.7964485 92.0268 /L 87.9636 36.1/ 74.7113 n.a. n.a. 1149.9312 346.04683 55.903628 2025-Jul-15 17:20 m 00 30 16.28 +34 16 39.3 28.786592 13.846985 n.a. n.a. 1.016411091412 -0.7607715 0.00019991252780 3.6926962 91.3583 /L 88.6312 38.3/ 74.6660 n.a. n.a. 995.82408 346.11649 56.908126 2025-Jul-15 17:30 m 00 27 12.35 +36 47 36.4 25.171327 12.835445 n.a. n.a. 1.016407961914 -0.7978335 0.00021453302772 3.5947899 90.7525 /L 89.2361 40.4/ 74.6210 n.a. n.a. 874.02152 346.06878 57.767372 2025-Jul-15 17:40 m 00 24 23.83 +39 00 46.8 21.872255 11.872796 n.a. n.a. 1.016404701598 -0.8264012 0.00022877293035 3.5030259 90.2037 /L 89.7841 42.3/ 74.5763 n.a. n.a. 775.66252 345.93010 58.518941 2025-Jul-15 17:50 m 00 21 47.19 +40 59 25.6 18.832022 10.944102 n.a. n.a. 1.016401340290 -0.8484863 0.00024265664605 3.4172327 89.7057 /L 90.2813 43.9/ 74.5318 n.a. n.a. 694.77234 345.72036 59.188975 2025-Jul-15 18:00 m 00 19 19.90 +42 46 00.4 16.008345 10.037656 n.a. n.a. 1.016397900911 -0.8655515 0.00025620742537 3.3370346 89.2530 /L 90.7332 45.5/ 74.4875 n.a. n.a. 627.19890 345.45503 59.796186 2025-Jul-15 18:10 m 00 17 00.14 +44 22 25.0 13.369346 9.144310 n.a. n.a. 1.016394401324 -0.8786790 0.00026944682958 3.2619806 88.8404 /L 91.1450 46.9/ 74.4433 n.a. n.a. 569.97987 345.14646 60.354299 2025-Jul-15 18:20 m 00 14 46.57 +45 50 09.1 10.890507 8.256945 n.a. n.a. 1.016390855618 -0.8886821 0.00028239457362 3.1916090 88.4636 /L 91.5211 48.2/ 74.3993 n.a. n.a. 520.95241 344.80477 60.873586 2025-Jul-15 18:30 m 00 12 38.19 +47 10 24.2 8.552644 7.370042 n.a. n.a. 1.016387275029 -0.8961811 0.00029506854965 3.1254765 88.1185 /L 91.8654 49.3/ 74.3553 n.a. n.a. 478.50510 344.43846 61.361871 2025-Jul-15 18:40 m 00 10 34.26 +48 24 08.5 6.340510 6.479345 n.a. n.a. 1.016383668599 -0.9016549 0.00030748493361 3.0631724 87.8018 /L 92.1815 50.4/ 74.3114 n.a. n.a. 441.41560 344.05481 61.825200 2025-Jul-15 18:50 m 00 08 34.22 +49 32 09.6 4.241815 5.581607 n.a. n.a. 1.016380043672 -0.9054781 0.00031965832532 3.0043223 87.5103 /L 92.4723 51.4/ 74.2674 n.a. n.a. 408.74180 343.66020 62.268293 2025-Jul-15 19:00 m 00 06 37.65 +50 35 07.3 2.246529 4.674384 n.a. n.a. 1.016376406251 -0.9079465 0.00033160189670 2.9485886 87.2414 /L 92.7405 52.3/ 74.2234 n.a. n.a. 379.74715 343.26033 62.694875 2025-Jul-15 19:10 m 00 04 44.25 +51 33 34.8 0.346366 3.755880 n.a. n.a. 1.016372761281 -0.9092958 0.00034332753540 2.8956685 86.9927 /L 92.9885 53.2/ 74.1792 n.a. n.a. 353.84843 342.86039 63.107898 2025-Jul-15 19:20 t 00 02 53.78 +52 28 00.3 358.534411 2.824821 n.a. n.a. 1.016369112855 -0.9097160 0.00035484597850 2.8452909 86.7621 /L 93.2185 54.0/ 74.1349 n.a. n.a. 330.57842 342.46517 63.509712 2025-Jul-15 19:30 m 00 01 06.08 +53 18 48.0 356.804832 1.880354 n.a. n.a. 1.016365464380 -0.9093610 0.00036616693386 2.7972133 86.5478 /L 93.4321 54.8/ 74.0904 n.a. n.a. 309.55897 342.07915 63.902184 2025-Jul-15 19:40 m 23 59 21.05 +54 06 18.9 355.152670 0.921971 n.a. n.a. 1.016361818704 -0.9083565 0.00037729918891 2.7512190 86.3481 /L 93.6312 55.5/ 74.0457 n.a. n.a. 290.48108 341.70658 64.286795 2025-Jul-15 19:50 m 23 57 38.62 +54 50 50.9 353.573669 -0.050557 n.a. n.a. 1.016358178217 -0.9068062 0.00038825070752 2.7071137 86.1614 /L 93.8172 56.1/ 74.0007 n.a. n.a. 273.09010 341.35156 64.664705 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< $$EOE *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** Column meaning: TIME Times PRIOR to 1962 are UT1, a mean-solar time closely related to the prior but now-deprecated GMT. Times AFTER 1962 are in UTC, the current civil or "wall-clock" time-scale. UTC is kept within 0.9 seconds of UT1 using integer leap-seconds for 1972 and later years. Conversion from the internal Barycentric Dynamical Time (TDB) of solar system dynamics to the non-uniform civil UT time-scale requested for output has not been determined for UTC times after the next July or January 1st. Therefore, the last known leap-second is used as a constant over future intervals. Time tags refer to the UT time-scale conversion from TDB on Earth regardless of observer location within the solar system, although clock rates may differ due to the local gravity field and no analog to "UT" may be defined for that location. Any 'b' symbol in the 1st-column denotes a B.C. date. First-column blank (" ") denotes an A.D. date. CALENDAR SYSTEM Mixed calendar mode was active such that calendar dates after AD 1582-Oct-15 (if any) are in the modern Gregorian system. Dates prior to 1582-Oct-5 (if any) are in the Julian calendar system, which is automatically extended for dates prior to its adoption on 45-Jan-1 BC. The Julian calendar is useful for matching historical dates. The Gregorian calendar more accurately corresponds to the Earth's orbital motion and seasons. A "Gregorian-only" calendar mode is available if such physical events are the primary interest. NOTE: "n.a." in output means quantity "not available" at the print-time. SOLAR PRESENCE (OBSERVING SITE) Time tag is followed by a blank, then a solar-presence condition code: '*' Daylight (refracted solar upper-limb on or above apparent horizon) 'C' Civil twilight/dawn 'N' Nautical twilight/dawn 'A' Astronomical twilight/dawn ' ' Night OR geocentric ephemeris LUNAR PRESENCE WITH TARGET RISE/TRANSIT/SET EVENT MARKER (OBSERVING SITE) The solar-presence code column is immediately followed by another marker: 'm' Refracted upper-limb of Moon on or above apparent horizon ' ' Refracted upper-limb of Moon below apparent horizon OR geocentric The lunar presence marker (an ongoing state) can be over-ridden by a target event marker if an event has occurred since the last output step: 'r' Rise (target body on or went above cut-off RTS elevation) 'e' Elevation max (target body maximum elevation angle has occurred) 't' Transit (target body at or passed through observer meridian) 's' Set (target body on or went below cut-off RTS elevation) RTS MARKERS (TVH) Rise and set are with respect to the reference ellipsoid true visual horizon defined by the elevation cut-off angle. Horizon dip and yellow-light refraction (Earth only) are considered. Accuracy is < or = to twice the requested search step-size. 'R.A._____(ICRF)_____DEC' = Astrometric right ascension and declination of the target center with respect to the observing site (coordinate origin) in the reference frame of the planetary ephemeris (ICRF). Compensated for down-leg light-time delay aberration. Units: RA in hours-minutes-seconds of time, HH MM SS.ff{ffff} DEC in degrees-minutes-seconds of arc, sDD MN SC.f{ffff} 'Azi____(a-app)___Elev' = Airless apparent azimuth and elevation of target center. Compensated for light-time, the gravitational deflection of light, stellar aberration, precession and nutation. Azimuth is measured clockwise from north: North(0) -> East(90) -> South(180) -> West(270) -> North (360) Elevation angle is with respect to a plane perpendicular to the reference surface local zenith direction. TOPOCENTRIC ONLY. Units: DEGREES 'APmag S-brt' = The targets' approximate apparent visual magnitude and surface brightness. For planets and natural satellites, output is restricted to solar phase angles covered by observational data. Outside the observed phase angle range, "n.a." may be output to avoid extrapolation beyond the limit of model validity. For Earth-based observers, the estimated dimming due to atmospheric absorption (extinction) is available as a separate, requestable quantity. Surface brightness is the average airless visual magnitude of a square-arcsecond of the illuminated portion of the apparent disk. It is computed only if the target radius is known. Units: MAGNITUDES & MAGNITUDES PER SQUARE ARCSECOND 'r rdot' = The Sun's apparent range ("r", light-time aberrated) and range-rate ("rdot") relative to the target center, as seen by the observer. A positive "rdot" means the target center was moving away from the Sun, negative means moving toward the Sun. Units: AU and KM/S 'delta deldot' = Apparent range ("delta", light-time aberrated) and range-rate ("delta-dot") of the target center relative to the observer. A positive "deldot" means the target center is moving away from the observer, negative indicates movement toward the observer. Units: AU and KM/S 'S-O-T /r' = Sun-Observer-Target apparent SOLAR ELONGATION ANGLE seen from the observers' location at print-time. The '/r' column provides a code indicating the targets' apparent position relative to the Sun in the observers' sky, as described below: Case A: For an observing location on the surface of a rotating body, that body rotational sense is considered: /T indicates target TRAILS Sun (evening sky: rises and sets AFTER Sun) /L indicates target LEADS Sun (morning sky: rises and sets BEFORE Sun) Case B: For an observing point that does not have a rotational model (such as a spacecraft), the "leading" and "trailing" condition is defined by the observers' heliocentric ORBITAL motion: * If continuing in the observers' current direction of heliocentric motion would encounter the targets' apparent longitude first, followed by the Sun's, the target LEADS the Sun as seen by the observer. * If the Sun's apparent longitude would be encountered first, followed by the targets', the target TRAILS the Sun. Two other codes can be output: /* indicates observer is Sun-centered (undefined) /? Target is aligned with Sun center (no lead or trail) The S-O-T solar elongation angle is numerically the minimum separation angle of the Sun and target in the sky in any direction. It does NOT indicate the amount of separation in the leading or trailing directions, which would be defined along the equator of a spherical coordinate system. Units: DEGREES 'S-T-O' = The Sun-Target-Observer angle; the interior vertex angle at target center formed by a vector from the target to the apparent center of the Sun (at reflection time on the target) and the apparent vector from target to the observer at print-time. Slightly different from true PHASE ANGLE (requestable separately) at the few arcsecond level in that it includes stellar aberration on the down-leg from target to observer. Units: DEGREES 'T-O-M/MN_Illu%' = Target-Observer-Moon LUNAR ELONGATION angle and illuminated percentage. The apparent lunar elongation angle between target body center and Moon center, seen from the observing site, along with fraction of the lunar disk illuminated by the Sun. A negative lunar elongation angle indicates the target center is behind the Moon. Units: DEGREES & PERCENT 'RA_3sigma DEC_3sigma' = Uncertainty in Right-Ascension and Declination. Output values are the formal +/- 3 standard-deviations (sigmas) around nominal position. Units: ARCSECONDS 'Sky_motion Sky_mot_PA RelVel-ANG' = Total apparent angular rate of the target in the plane-of-sky. "Sky_mot_PA" is the position angle of the target's direction of motion in the plane-of-sky, measured counter-clockwise from the apparent of-date north pole direction. "RelVel-ANG" is the flight path angle of the target's relative motion with respect to the observer's line-of-sight, in the range [-90,+90], where positive values indicate motion away from the observer, negative values are toward the observer: -90 = target is moving directly toward the observer 0 = target is moving at right angles to the observer's line-of-sight +90 = target is moving directly away from the observer UNITS: ARCSECONDS/MINUTE, DEGREES, DEGREES Computations by ... Solar System Dynamics Group, Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Pasadena, CA 91109 USA General site: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ Mailing list: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/email_list.html System news : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/news.html User Guide : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/manual.html Connect : browser https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/app.html#/x API https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/doc/horizons.html command-line telnet ssd.jpl.nasa.gov 6775 e-mail/batch https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/horizons_batch.txt scripts https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/SCRIPTS Author : Jon.D.Giorgini@jpl.nasa.gov ***************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************