API VERSION: 1.2 API SOURCE: NASA/JPL Horizons API ******************************************************************************* Revised: Jun 17, 2025 James Webb Space Telescope / (E-S L2) -170 https://www.jwst.nasa.gov/index.html https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bTxLAGchWnA The James Webb Space Telescope ("JWST" or "Webb") is a space-based infrared observatory and NASA's successor to the Hubble Space Telescope. Launched by Ariane 5 booster on 2021-Dec-25 @ 12:20 UTC from the ELA-3 launch complex near Korou, French Guiana. After launch, the telescope will deploy during its 30-day, 1.5 million km journey to halo orbit at the second Earth-Sun Lagrange point (E-S L2). Mission duration is nominally 5-10 years. GOALS - Search for the first galaxies or luminous objects formed after the Big Bang - Determine how galaxies evolved from their formation until now - Observe the formation of stars from the first stages to the formation of planetary systems - Measure the physical and chemical properties of planetary systems, including our own Solar System, investigating the potential for life in those systems. TELESCOPE * total launch mass : ~6200 kg (observatory, fuel, launch adaptor) * primary mirror : 25 m^2 mass : 705 kg material : beryllium coated w/48.25 grams gold (golf-ball size) segment mass : 20.1 kg, 39.48 kg for entire segment assembly No. of segments : 18 * focal length : 131.4 meters * optical resolution: 0.1 arcseconds * wavelength : 0.6 - 28.5 microns * size of sun shield: 21.197 m x 14.162 m * Sun shield layers : 1: Max temp 283K, 231 deg. F. 5: Max temp 221K, -80 F Min temp 36K, -394 F * Operating temp : < 50K (-370 deg. F) INSTRUMENTS - Near Infrared Camera (NIRCam) - Near Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) - Mid Infrared Instrument (MIRI) - Fine Guidance Sensors/Near Infrared Imager & Slitless Spectrograph (FGS/NIRISS) TRAJECTORY MCC1A (65-minute engine burn) began 2021-Dec-26 12:50 UTC, completed 01:55 UTC. MCC1B (09:27 engine burn) began 2021-Dec-28 00:20 UTC, completed 00:29:27 UTC. MCC2 (04:57 engine burn) began 2022-Jan-24 19:00 UTC, completed 19:04:57 UTC. Concatenation of reconstructed trajectory solutions (as-flown) from Goddard Flight Dynamics Facility (FDF), based on tracking data through June 15, with prediction thereafter. Trajectory files Start (TDB) End (TDB) ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ----------------- DEFINITIVE_EPHEMERIS_202135913-2025159 2021-Dec-25 13:01 2025-Jun-16 00:01 28D_BURN_PREDICT_SK_2025167000000_02U 2025-Jun-16 00:01 2025-Jul-14 00:01 5Y_SCHEDULE_2025167000000_02U.V0.1 2025-Jul-14 00:01 2030-Jun-15 23:59 ******************************************************************************* ******************************************************************************* Ephemeris / API_USER Sun Jun 22 10:38:43 2025 Pasadena, USA / Horizons ******************************************************************************* Target body name: James Webb Space Telescope (spacecraft) (-170) {source: JWST_merged} Center body name: Earth (399) {source: DE441} Center-site name: iTelescope Obs.,Beryl Junc. (Sato) ******************************************************************************* Start time : A.D. 2024-Oct-31 00:00:00.0000 UT Stop time : A.D. 2024-Nov-01 00:00:00.0000 UT Step-size : 10 minutes ******************************************************************************* Target pole/equ : undefined Target radii : undefined Center geodetic : 246.3025, 37.7377919, 1.56349 {E-lon(deg),Lat(deg),Alt(km)} Center cylindric: 246.3025,5051.53114,3883.42609 {E-lon(deg),Dxy(km),Dz(km)} Center pole/equ : ITRF93 {East-longitude positive} Center radii : 6378.137, 6378.137, 6356.752 km {Equator_a, b, pole_c} Target primary : Earth Vis. interferer : MOON (R_eq= 1737.400) km {source: DE441} Rel. light bend : Sun {source: DE441} Rel. lght bnd GM: 1.3271E+11 km^3/s^2 Atmos refraction: NO (AIRLESS) RA format : HMS Time format : CAL Calendar mode : Mixed Julian/Gregorian RTS-only print : NO EOP file : eop.250620.p250916 EOP coverage : DATA-BASED 1962-JAN-20 TO 2025-JUN-20. PREDICTS-> 2025-SEP-15 Units conversion: 1 au= 149597870.700 km, c= 299792.458 km/s, 1 day= 86400.0 s Table cut-offs 1: Elevation ( 0.0deg=YES),Airmass (>38.000=NO), Daylight (YES) Table cut-offs 2: Solar elongation ( 12.0,180.0=YES),Local Hour Angle( 0.0=NO ) Table cut-offs 3: RA/DEC angular rate ( 0.0=NO ) *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** Date__(UT)__HR:MN R.A._____(ICRF)_____DEC Azi____(a-app)___Elev APmag S-brt r rdot delta deldot S-O-T /r S-T-O T-O-M/MN_Illu% RA_3sigma DEC_3sigma Sky_motion Sky_mot_PA RelVel-ANG *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** $$SOE >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2024-Oct-31 02:10 04 26 18.67 +23 25 05.3 60.584969 0.937375 n.a. n.a. 1.001462253637 -0.3605345 0.01005451320029 -0.2221503 149.1540 /L 30.5512 133.1/ 2.0064 n.a. n.a. 3.6100749 84.063000 -26.84984 2024-Oct-31 02:20 04 26 21.23 +23 25 09.2 62.082266 2.670108 n.a. n.a. 1.001460807708 -0.3604914 0.01005361342260 -0.2264532 149.1511 /L 30.5541 133.2/ 1.9851 n.a. n.a. 3.4858217 83.599641 -28.12364 2024-Oct-31 02:30 04 26 23.70 +23 25 13.2 63.553646 4.427070 n.a. n.a. 1.001459361952 -0.3604482 0.01005269761787 -0.2301415 149.1486 /L 30.5566 133.3/ 1.9637 n.a. n.a. 3.3599681 83.135880 -29.40507 2024-Oct-31 02:40 04 26 26.07 +23 25 17.4 65.001398 6.206716 n.a. n.a. 1.001457916369 -0.3604051 0.01005176826609 -0.2332078 149.1464 /L 30.5588 133.4/ 1.9422 n.a. n.a. 3.2327250 82.671961 -30.69486 2024-Oct-31 02:50 04 26 28.36 +23 25 21.6 66.427838 8.007581 n.a. n.a. 1.001456470959 -0.3603620 0.01005082787401 -0.2356462 149.1446 /L 30.5607 133.5/ 1.9205 n.a. n.a. 3.1043059 82.208235 -31.99382 2024-Oct-31 03:00 04 26 30.54 +23 25 25.9 67.835312 9.828267 n.a. n.a. 1.001455025721 -0.3603189 0.01004987897035 -0.2374517 149.1431 /L 30.5621 133.5/ 1.8987 n.a. n.a. 2.9749259 81.745173 -33.30290 2024-Oct-31 03:10 04 26 32.63 +23 25 30.3 69.226205 11.667440 n.a. n.a. 1.001453580657 -0.3602757 0.01004892410110 -0.2386206 149.1420 /L 30.5633 133.6/ 1.8768 n.a. n.a. 2.8448015 81.283406 -34.62318 2024-Oct-31 03:20 04 26 34.63 +23 25 34.7 70.602948 13.523827 n.a. n.a. 1.001452135766 -0.3602326 0.01004796582465 -0.2391505 149.1412 /L 30.5640 133.7/ 1.8549 n.a. n.a. 2.7141502 80.823752 -35.95593 2024-Oct-31 03:30 04 26 36.52 +23 25 39.1 71.968030 15.396204 n.a. n.a. 1.001450691047 -0.3601895 0.01004700670696 -0.2390400 149.1408 /L 30.5644 133.8/ 1.8328 n.a. n.a. 2.5831900 80.367272 -37.30258 2024-Oct-31 03:40 04 26 38.32 +23 25 43.4 73.324014 17.283395 n.a. n.a. 1.001449246501 -0.3601464 0.01004604931668 -0.2382891 149.1408 /L 30.5645 133.9/ 1.8107 n.a. n.a. 2.4521392 79.915327 -38.66481 2024-Oct-31 03:50 04 26 40.03 +23 25 47.8 74.673554 19.184264 n.a. n.a. 1.001447802129 -0.3601033 0.01004509622028 -0.2368990 149.1412 /L 30.5642 134.0/ 1.7885 n.a. n.a. 2.3212156 79.469659 -40.04459 2024-Oct-31 04:00 04 26 41.64 +23 25 52.0 76.019414 21.097708 n.a. n.a. 1.001446357929 -0.3600602 0.01004414997713 -0.2348720 149.1419 /L 30.5635 134.1/ 1.7663 n.a. n.a. 2.1906364 79.032498 -41.44421 2024-Oct-31 04:10 04 26 43.15 +23 25 56.2 77.364497 23.022650 n.a. n.a. 1.001444913902 -0.3600171 0.01004321313463 -0.2322118 149.1429 /L 30.5625 134.2/ 1.7440 n.a. n.a. 2.0606177 78.606702 -42.86635 2024-Oct-31 04:20 04 26 44.57 +23 26 00.3 78.711869 24.958034 n.a. n.a. 1.001443470048 -0.3599740 0.01004228822334 -0.2289230 149.1444 /L 30.5611 134.3/ 1.7217 n.a. n.a. 1.9313744 78.195949 -44.31422 2024-Oct-31 04:30 04 26 45.90 +23 26 04.2 80.064797 26.902813 n.a. n.a. 1.001442026367 -0.3599308 0.01004137775214 -0.2250118 149.1462 /L 30.5593 134.4/ 1.6995 n.a. n.a. 1.8031198 77.804997 -45.79159 2024-Oct-31 04:40 04 26 47.13 +23 26 08.0 81.426792 28.855947 n.a. n.a. 1.001440582859 -0.3598877 0.01004048420345 -0.2204853 149.1483 /L 30.5572 134.5/ 1.6772 n.a. n.a. 1.6760653 77.440049 -47.30299 2024-Oct-31 04:50 04 26 48.28 +23 26 11.6 82.801651 30.816388 n.a. n.a. 1.001439139524 -0.3598446 0.01003961002834 -0.2153520 149.1508 /L 30.5547 134.6/ 1.6549 n.a. n.a. 1.5504209 77.109269 -48.85386 2024-Oct-31 05:00 04 26 49.33 +23 26 14.9 84.193521 32.783071 n.a. n.a. 1.001437696362 -0.3598015 0.01003875764199 -0.2096213 149.1537 /L 30.5519 134.7/ 1.6327 n.a. n.a. 1.4263956 76.823531 -50.45077 2024-Oct-31 05:10 04 26 50.29 +23 26 18.1 85.606968 34.754905 n.a. n.a. 1.001436253373 -0.3597584 0.01003792941891 -0.2033040 149.1569 /L 30.5488 134.8/ 1.6106 n.a. n.a. 1.3041976 76.597523 -52.10171 2024-Oct-31 05:20 04 26 51.17 +23 26 21.0 87.047056 36.730755 n.a. n.a. 1.001434810556 -0.3597153 0.01003712768838 -0.1964119 149.1604 /L 30.5453 134.9/ 1.5885 n.a. n.a. 1.1840366 76.451432 -53.81648 2024-Oct-31 05:30 04 26 51.97 +23 26 23.7 88.519457 38.709428 n.a. n.a. 1.001433367913 -0.3596722 0.01003635472998 -0.1889580 149.1643 /L 30.5415 135.0/ 1.5664 n.a. n.a. 1.0661261 76.413580 -55.60709 2024-Oct-31 05:40 04 26 52.68 +23 26 26.1 90.030564 40.689656 n.a. n.a. 1.001431925443 -0.3596290 0.01003561276918 -0.1809563 149.1685 /L 30.5373 135.1/ 1.5445 n.a. n.a. 0.9506887 76.524698 -57.48839 2024-Oct-31 05:50 04 26 53.31 +23 26 28.2 91.587650 42.670067 n.a. n.a. 1.001430483145 -0.3595859 0.01003490397298 -0.1724220 149.1730 /L 30.5329 135.2/ 1.5226 n.a. n.a. 0.8379648 76.845143 -59.47869 2024-Oct-31 06:00 04 26 53.86 +23 26 29.9 93.199054 44.649160 n.a. n.a. 1.001429041021 -0.3595428 0.01003423044575 -0.1633710 149.1778 /L 30.5281 135.3/ 1.5008 n.a. n.a. 0.7282290 77.467680 -61.60045 2024-Oct-31 06:10 04 26 54.34 +23 26 31.4 94.874402 46.625269 n.a. n.a. 1.001427599069 -0.3594997 0.01003359422510 -0.1538207 149.1830 /L 30.5230 135.5/ 1.4792 n.a. n.a. 0.6218219 78.541371 -63.88058 2024-Oct-31 06:20 04 26 54.75 +23 26 32.4 96.624905 48.596519 n.a. n.a. 1.001426157291 -0.3594566 0.01003299727795 -0.1437890 149.1884 /L 30.5177 135.6/ 1.4577 n.a. n.a. 0.5192150 80.319228 -66.34931 2024-Oct-31 06:30 04 26 55.09 +23 26 33.1 98.463704 50.560766 n.a. n.a. 1.001424715685 -0.3594135 0.01003244149666 -0.1332951 149.1941 /L 30.5120 135.7/ 1.4363 n.a. n.a. 0.4211575 83.260547 -69.03427 2024-Oct-31 06:40 04 26 55.36 +23 26 33.4 100.406323 52.515530 n.a. n.a. 1.001423274253 -0.3593703 0.01003192869539 -0.1223590 149.2001 /L 30.5061 135.8/ 1.4151 n.a. n.a. 0.3290377 88.267751 -71.93866 2024-Oct-31 06:50 04 26 55.57 +23 26 33.3 102.471222 54.457897 n.a. n.a. 1.001421832993 -0.3593272 0.01003146060648 -0.1110013 149.2063 /L 30.5000 135.9/ 1.3940 n.a. n.a. 0.2458828 97.254460 -74.96465 2024-Oct-31 07:00 04 26 55.72 +23 26 32.8 104.680499 56.384403 n.a. n.a. 1.001420391907 -0.3592841 0.01003103887714 -0.0992438 149.2128 /L 30.4935 136.0/ 1.3731 n.a. n.a. 0.1792487 114.20183 -77.64695 2024-Oct-31 07:10 04 26 55.81 +23 26 31.9 107.060759 58.290869 n.a. n.a. 1.001418950993 -0.3592410 0.01003066506619 -0.0871089 149.2195 /L 30.4869 136.1/ 1.3524 n.a. n.a. 0.1464890 143.18462 -78.47518 2024-Oct-31 07:20 04 26 55.84 +23 26 30.5 109.644186 60.172198 n.a. n.a. 1.001417510253 -0.3591979 0.01003034064098 -0.0746198 149.2265 /L 30.4800 136.2/ 1.3319 n.a. n.a. 0.1632189 174.04799 -75.14684 2024-Oct-31 07:30 04 26 55.83 +23 26 28.6 112.469840 62.022094 n.a. n.a. 1.001416069686 -0.3591547 0.01003006697456 -0.0618004 149.2336 /L 30.4729 136.3/ 1.3116 n.a. n.a. 0.2142530 193.20381 -67.20187 2024-Oct-31 07:40 04 26 55.78 +23 26 26.3 115.585164 63.832701 n.a. n.a. 1.001414629291 -0.3591116 0.01002984534292 -0.0486750 149.2410 /L 30.4656 136.4/ 1.2915 n.a. n.a. 0.2784474 203.19766 -55.25744 2024-Oct-31 07:50 04 26 55.68 +23 26 23.5 119.047598 65.594118 n.a. n.a. 1.001413189070 -0.3590685 0.01002967692255 -0.0352689 149.2485 /L 30.4581 136.5/ 1.2716 n.a. n.a. 0.3462320 208.49590 -40.03915 2024-Oct-31 08:00 04 26 55.54 +23 26 20.2 122.926042 67.293780 n.a. n.a. 1.001411749021 -0.3590254 0.01002956278811 -0.0216078 149.2562 /L 30.4505 136.7/ 1.2519 n.a. n.a. 0.4139678 211.34527 -23.29645 2024-Oct-31 08:10 04 26 55.37 +23 26 16.4 127.301542 68.915682 n.a. n.a. 1.001410309146 -0.3589822 0.01002950391028 -0.0077177 149.2641 /L 30.4427 136.8/ 1.2325 n.a. n.a. 0.4801495 212.79387 -7.555563 2024-Oct-31 08:20 04 26 55.16 +23 26 12.1 132.265950 70.439457 n.a. n.a. 1.001408869444 -0.3589391 0.01002950115383 0.0063746 149.2721 /L 30.4347 136.9/ 1.2133 n.a. n.a. 0.5440988 213.36544 5.5165192 2024-Oct-31 08:30 04 26 54.93 +23 26 07.3 137.916352 71.839446 n.a. n.a. 1.001407429914 -0.3588960 0.01002955527599 0.0206422 149.2803 /L 30.4267 137.0/ 1.1944 n.a. n.a. 0.6055058 213.34346 15.702633 2024-Oct-31 08:40 04 26 54.68 +23 26 02.0 144.341868 73.084026 n.a. n.a. 1.001405990558 -0.3588528 0.01002966692486 0.0350577 149.2885 /L 30.4185 137.1/ 1.1757 n.a. n.a. 0.6642500 212.89229 23.522070 2024-Oct-31 08:50 04 26 54.41 +23 25 56.1 151.599117 74.135823 n.a. n.a. 1.001404551375 -0.3588097 0.01002983663823 0.0495934 149.2969 /L 30.4102 137.2/ 1.1573 n.a. n.a. 0.7203219 212.11270 29.588827 2024-Oct-31 09:00 04 26 54.13 +23 25 49.8 159.675548 74.953721 n.a. n.a. 1.001403112365 -0.3587666 0.01003006484243 0.0642215 149.3053 /L 30.4018 137.3/ 1.1391 n.a. n.a. 0.7737856 211.06943 34.391556 2024-Oct-31 09:10 04 26 53.84 +23 25 42.9 168.449407 75.497610 n.a. n.a. 1.001401673528 -0.3587234 0.01003035185153 0.0789138 149.3138 /L 30.3934 137.4/ 1.1213 n.a. n.a. 0.8247599 209.80571 38.276896 2024-Oct-31 09:20 04 26 53.54 +23 25 35.4 177.669510 75.735791 n.a. n.a. 1.001400234865 -0.3586803 0.01003069786672 0.0936422 149.3224 /L 30.3849 137.5/ 1.1037 n.a. n.a. 0.8734079 208.35149 41.483008 2024-Oct-31 09:30 t 04 26 53.24 +23 25 27.5 186.982732 75.652885 n.a. n.a. 1.001398796374 -0.3586372 0.01003110297588 0.1083784 149.3310 /L 30.3764 137.6/ 1.0864 n.a. n.a. 0.9199305 206.72829 44.173422 2024-Oct-31 09:40 04 26 52.94 +23 25 19.0 196.012701 75.254329 n.a. n.a. 1.001397358056 -0.3585940 0.01003156715342 0.1230940 149.3396 /L 30.3678 137.7/ 1.0693 n.a. n.a. 0.9645625 204.95228 46.461725 2024-Oct-31 09:50 04 26 52.65 +23 25 10.0 204.451606 74.564733 n.a. n.a. 1.001395919911 -0.3585509 0.01003209026032 0.1377608 149.3482 /L 30.3593 137.8/ 1.0526 n.a. n.a. 1.0075692 203.03625 48.428062 2024-Oct-31 10:00 04 26 52.37 +23 25 00.4 212.114816 73.621135 n.a. n.a. 1.001394481940 -0.3585078 0.01003267204444 0.1523507 149.3568 /L 30.3508 137.9/ 1.0362 n.a. n.a. 1.0492437 200.99094 50.129911 2024-Oct-31 10:10 04 26 52.11 +23 24 50.4 218.941117 72.464927 n.a. n.a. 1.001393044141 -0.3584646 0.01003331214094 0.1668357 149.3653 /L 30.3422 138.0/ 1.0200 n.a. n.a. 1.0899036 198.82600 51.609152 2024-Oct-31 10:20 04 26 51.87 +23 24 39.8 224.958623 71.135699 n.a. n.a. 1.001391606516 -0.3584215 0.01003401007304 0.1811878 149.3738 /L 30.3338 138.1/ 1.0042 n.a. n.a. 1.1298877 196.55071 52.896755 2024-Oct-31 10:30 04 26 51.65 +23 24 28.7 230.244508 69.667980 n.a. n.a. 1.001390169063 -0.3583784 0.01003476525298 0.1953797 149.3823 /L 30.3254 138.2/ 0.9886 n.a. n.a. 1.1695517 194.17441 54.015953 2024-Oct-31 10:40 04 26 51.46 +23 24 17.1 234.894255 68.090279 n.a. n.a. 1.001388731784 -0.3583353 0.01003557698308 0.2093840 149.3907 /L 30.3171 138.3/ 0.9734 n.a. n.a. 1.2092637 191.70691 54.984431 2024-Oct-31 10:50 04 26 51.30 +23 24 05.0 239.003340 66.425423 n.a. n.a. 1.001387294678 -0.3582921 0.01003644445721 0.2231739 149.3990 /L 30.3088 138.4/ 0.9584 n.a. n.a. 1.2493987 189.15868 55.815866 2024-Oct-31 11:00 04 26 51.17 +23 23 52.4 242.658430 64.691417 n.a. n.a. 1.001385857744 -0.3582490 0.01003736676234 0.2367230 149.4071 /L 30.3007 138.5/ 0.9438 n.a. n.a. 1.2903327 186.54094 56.521036 2024-Oct-31 11:10 04 26 51.09 +23 23 39.3 245.934337 62.902392 n.a. n.a. 1.001384420983 -0.3582059 0.01003834288034 0.2500053 149.4152 /L 30.2927 138.6/ 0.9295 n.a. n.a. 1.3324358 183.86570 57.108624 2024-Oct-31 11:20 04 26 51.05 +23 23 25.8 248.893923 61.069453 n.a. n.a. 1.001382984396 -0.3581628 0.01003937168999 0.2629953 149.4231 /L 30.2848 138.7/ 0.9155 n.a. n.a. 1.3760664 181.14567 57.585818 2024-Oct-31 11:30 04 26 51.05 +23 23 11.8 251.589293 59.201384 n.a. n.a. 1.001381547981 -0.3581197 0.01004045196911 0.2756682 149.4308 /L 30.2771 138.8/ 0.9018 n.a. n.a. 1.4215637 178.39406 57.958755 2024-Oct-31 11:40 04 26 51.11 +23 22 57.4 254.063389 57.305185 n.a. n.a. 1.001380111740 -0.3580766 0.01004158239704 0.2879997 149.4384 /L 30.2695 138.9/ 0.8884 n.a. n.a. 1.4692420 175.62441 58.232850 2024-Oct-31 11:50 04 26 51.22 +23 22 42.5 256.351564 55.386495 n.a. n.a. 1.001378675671 -0.3580335 0.01004276155719 0.2999663 149.4458 /L 30.2622 139.0/ 0.8752 n.a. n.a. 1.5193846 172.85021 58.413037 2024-Oct-31 12:00 04 26 51.39 +23 22 27.3 258.482991 53.449907 n.a. n.a. 1.001377239775 -0.3579904 0.01004398793983 0.3115451 149.4531 /L 30.2550 139.1/ 0.8624 n.a. n.a. 1.5722393 170.08471 58.503944 2024-Oct-31 12:10 04 26 51.62 +23 22 11.6 260.481840 51.499210 n.a. n.a. 1.001375804052 -0.3579473 0.01004525994504 0.3227139 149.4601 /L 30.2480 139.2/ 0.8500 n.a. n.a. 1.6280146 167.34054 58.510015 2024-Oct-31 12:20 04 26 51.92 +23 21 55.5 262.368245 49.537566 n.a. n.a. 1.001374368503 -0.3579042 0.01004657588578 0.3334516 149.4668 /L 30.2413 139.3/ 0.8378 n.a. n.a. 1.6868770 164.62947 58.435578 2024-Oct-31 12:30 04 26 52.28 +23 21 39.1 264.159080 47.567649 n.a. n.a. 1.001372933126 -0.3578611 0.01004793399131 0.3437375 149.4734 /L 30.2347 139.3/ 0.8258 n.a. n.a. 1.7489501 161.96219 58.284894 2024-Oct-31 12:40 A 04 26 52.71 +23 21 22.3 265.868584 45.591756 n.a. n.a. 1.001371497922 -0.3578180 0.01004933241055 0.3535522 149.4797 /L 30.2284 139.4/ 0.8142 n.a. n.a. 1.8143143 159.34808 58.062168 2024-Oct-31 12:50 A 04 26 53.22 +23 21 05.2 267.508858 43.611882 n.a. n.a. 1.001370062891 -0.3577748 0.01005076921566 0.3628769 149.4857 /L 30.2224 139.5/ 0.8029 n.a. n.a. 1.8830081 156.79519 57.771555 2024-Oct-31 13:00 A 04 26 53.80 +23 20 47.7 269.090260 41.629785 n.a. n.a. 1.001368628033 -0.3577317 0.01005224240593 0.3716940 149.4915 /L 30.2166 139.6/ 0.7919 n.a. n.a. 1.9550296 154.31010 57.417139 2024-Oct-31 13:10 Nm 04 26 54.45 +23 20 30.0 270.621724 39.647040 n.a. n.a. 1.001367193348 -0.3576886 0.01005374991157 0.3799868 149.4970 /L 30.2111 139.7/ 0.7811 n.a. n.a. 2.0303396 151.89801 57.002920 2024-Oct-31 13:20 Nm 04 26 55.19 +23 20 12.0 272.111016 37.665073 n.a. n.a. 1.001365758836 -0.3576455 0.01005528959774 0.3877394 149.5022 /L 30.2059 139.7/ 0.7707 n.a. n.a. 2.1088643 149.56273 56.532789 2024-Oct-31 13:30 Nm 04 26 56.01 +23 19 53.7 273.564937 35.685197 n.a. n.a. 1.001364324497 -0.3576024 0.01005685926869 0.3949373 149.5071 /L 30.2010 139.8/ 0.7605 n.a. n.a. 2.1904993 147.30682 56.010504 2024-Oct-31 13:40 Cm 04 26 56.92 +23 19 35.1 274.989494 33.708637 n.a. n.a. 1.001362890330 -0.3575592 0.01005845667207 0.4015670 149.5117 /L 30.1964 139.9/ 0.7506 n.a. n.a. 2.2751123 145.13171 55.439674 2024-Oct-31 13:50 Cm 04 26 57.91 +23 19 16.4 276.390035 31.736549 n.a. n.a. 1.001361456337 -0.3575161 0.01006007950318 0.4076158 149.5160 /L 30.1921 140.0/ 0.7409 n.a. n.a. 2.3625475 143.03785 54.823742 >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< $$EOE *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** Column meaning: TIME Times PRIOR to 1962 are UT1, a mean-solar time closely related to the prior but now-deprecated GMT. Times AFTER 1962 are in UTC, the current civil or "wall-clock" time-scale. UTC is kept within 0.9 seconds of UT1 using integer leap-seconds for 1972 and later years. Conversion from the internal Barycentric Dynamical Time (TDB) of solar system dynamics to the non-uniform civil UT time-scale requested for output has not been determined for UTC times after the next July or January 1st. Therefore, the last known leap-second is used as a constant over future intervals. Time tags refer to the UT time-scale conversion from TDB on Earth regardless of observer location within the solar system, although clock rates may differ due to the local gravity field and no analog to "UT" may be defined for that location. Any 'b' symbol in the 1st-column denotes a B.C. date. First-column blank (" ") denotes an A.D. date. CALENDAR SYSTEM Mixed calendar mode was active such that calendar dates after AD 1582-Oct-15 (if any) are in the modern Gregorian system. Dates prior to 1582-Oct-5 (if any) are in the Julian calendar system, which is automatically extended for dates prior to its adoption on 45-Jan-1 BC. The Julian calendar is useful for matching historical dates. The Gregorian calendar more accurately corresponds to the Earth's orbital motion and seasons. A "Gregorian-only" calendar mode is available if such physical events are the primary interest. NOTE: "n.a." in output means quantity "not available" at the print-time. SOLAR PRESENCE (OBSERVING SITE) Time tag is followed by a blank, then a solar-presence condition code: '*' Daylight (refracted solar upper-limb on or above apparent horizon) 'C' Civil twilight/dawn 'N' Nautical twilight/dawn 'A' Astronomical twilight/dawn ' ' Night OR geocentric ephemeris LUNAR PRESENCE WITH TARGET RISE/TRANSIT/SET EVENT MARKER (OBSERVING SITE) The solar-presence code column is immediately followed by another marker: 'm' Refracted upper-limb of Moon on or above apparent horizon ' ' Refracted upper-limb of Moon below apparent horizon OR geocentric The lunar presence marker (an ongoing state) can be over-ridden by a target event marker if an event has occurred since the last output step: 'r' Rise (target body on or went above cut-off RTS elevation) 'e' Elevation max (target body maximum elevation angle has occurred) 't' Transit (target body at or passed through observer meridian) 's' Set (target body on or went below cut-off RTS elevation) RTS MARKERS (TVH) Rise and set are with respect to the reference ellipsoid true visual horizon defined by the elevation cut-off angle. Horizon dip and yellow-light refraction (Earth only) are considered. Accuracy is < or = to twice the requested search step-size. 'R.A._____(ICRF)_____DEC' = Astrometric right ascension and declination of the target center with respect to the observing site (coordinate origin) in the reference frame of the planetary ephemeris (ICRF). Compensated for down-leg light-time delay aberration. Units: RA in hours-minutes-seconds of time, HH MM SS.ff{ffff} DEC in degrees-minutes-seconds of arc, sDD MN SC.f{ffff} 'Azi____(a-app)___Elev' = Airless apparent azimuth and elevation of target center. Compensated for light-time, the gravitational deflection of light, stellar aberration, precession and nutation. Azimuth is measured clockwise from north: North(0) -> East(90) -> South(180) -> West(270) -> North (360) Elevation angle is with respect to a plane perpendicular to the reference surface local zenith direction. TOPOCENTRIC ONLY. Units: DEGREES 'APmag S-brt' = The targets' approximate apparent visual magnitude and surface brightness. For planets and natural satellites, output is restricted to solar phase angles covered by observational data. Outside the observed phase angle range, "n.a." may be output to avoid extrapolation beyond the limit of model validity. For Earth-based observers, the estimated dimming due to atmospheric absorption (extinction) is available as a separate, requestable quantity. Surface brightness is the average airless visual magnitude of a square-arcsecond of the illuminated portion of the apparent disk. It is computed only if the target radius is known. Units: MAGNITUDES & MAGNITUDES PER SQUARE ARCSECOND 'r rdot' = The Sun's apparent range ("r", light-time aberrated) and range-rate ("rdot") relative to the target center, as seen by the observer. A positive "rdot" means the target center was moving away from the Sun, negative means moving toward the Sun. Units: AU and KM/S 'delta deldot' = Apparent range ("delta", light-time aberrated) and range-rate ("delta-dot") of the target center relative to the observer. A positive "deldot" means the target center is moving away from the observer, negative indicates movement toward the observer. Units: AU and KM/S 'S-O-T /r' = Sun-Observer-Target apparent SOLAR ELONGATION ANGLE seen from the observers' location at print-time. The '/r' column provides a code indicating the targets' apparent position relative to the Sun in the observers' sky, as described below: Case A: For an observing location on the surface of a rotating body, that body rotational sense is considered: /T indicates target TRAILS Sun (evening sky: rises and sets AFTER Sun) /L indicates target LEADS Sun (morning sky: rises and sets BEFORE Sun) Case B: For an observing point that does not have a rotational model (such as a spacecraft), the "leading" and "trailing" condition is defined by the observers' heliocentric ORBITAL motion: * If continuing in the observers' current direction of heliocentric motion would encounter the targets' apparent longitude first, followed by the Sun's, the target LEADS the Sun as seen by the observer. * If the Sun's apparent longitude would be encountered first, followed by the targets', the target TRAILS the Sun. Two other codes can be output: /* indicates observer is Sun-centered (undefined) /? Target is aligned with Sun center (no lead or trail) The S-O-T solar elongation angle is numerically the minimum separation angle of the Sun and target in the sky in any direction. It does NOT indicate the amount of separation in the leading or trailing directions, which would be defined along the equator of a spherical coordinate system. Units: DEGREES 'S-T-O' = The Sun-Target-Observer angle; the interior vertex angle at target center formed by a vector from the target to the apparent center of the Sun (at reflection time on the target) and the apparent vector from target to the observer at print-time. Slightly different from true PHASE ANGLE (requestable separately) at the few arcsecond level in that it includes stellar aberration on the down-leg from target to observer. Units: DEGREES 'T-O-M/MN_Illu%' = Target-Observer-Moon LUNAR ELONGATION angle and illuminated percentage. The apparent lunar elongation angle between target body center and Moon center, seen from the observing site, along with fraction of the lunar disk illuminated by the Sun. A negative lunar elongation angle indicates the target center is behind the Moon. Units: DEGREES & PERCENT 'RA_3sigma DEC_3sigma' = Uncertainty in Right-Ascension and Declination. Output values are the formal +/- 3 standard-deviations (sigmas) around nominal position. Units: ARCSECONDS 'Sky_motion Sky_mot_PA RelVel-ANG' = Total apparent angular rate of the target in the plane-of-sky. "Sky_mot_PA" is the position angle of the target's direction of motion in the plane-of-sky, measured counter-clockwise from the apparent of-date north pole direction. "RelVel-ANG" is the flight path angle of the target's relative motion with respect to the observer's line-of-sight, in the range [-90,+90], where positive values indicate motion away from the observer, negative values are toward the observer: -90 = target is moving directly toward the observer 0 = target is moving at right angles to the observer's line-of-sight +90 = target is moving directly away from the observer UNITS: ARCSECONDS/MINUTE, DEGREES, DEGREES Computations by ... Solar System Dynamics Group, Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Pasadena, CA 91109 USA General site: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ Mailing list: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/email_list.html System news : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/news.html User Guide : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/manual.html Connect : browser https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/app.html#/x API https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/doc/horizons.html command-line telnet ssd.jpl.nasa.gov 6775 e-mail/batch https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/horizons_batch.txt scripts https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/SCRIPTS Author : Jon.D.Giorgini@jpl.nasa.gov ***************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************