API VERSION: 1.2 API SOURCE: NASA/JPL Horizons API ******************************************************************************* Revised: Oct 31, 2024 James Webb Space Telescope / (E-S L2) -170 https://www.jwst.nasa.gov/index.html https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bTxLAGchWnA The James Webb Space Telescope ("JWST" or "Webb") is a space-based infrared observatory and NASA's successor to the Hubble Space Telescope. Launched by Ariane 5 booster on 2021-Dec-25 @ 12:20 UTC from the ELA-3 launch complex near Korou, French Guiana. After launch, the telescope will deploy during its 30-day, 1.5 million km journey to halo orbit at the second Earth-Sun Lagrange point (E-S L2). Mission duration is nominally 5-10 years. GOALS - Search for the first galaxies or luminous objects formed after the Big Bang - Determine how galaxies evolved from their formation until now - Observe the formation of stars from the first stages to the formation of planetary systems - Measure the physical and chemical properties of planetary systems, including our own Solar System, investigating the potential for life in those systems. TELESCOPE * total launch mass : ~6200 kg (observatory, fuel, launch adaptor) * primary mirror : 25 m^2 mass : 705 kg material : beryllium coated w/48.25 grams gold (golf-ball size) segment mass : 20.1 kg, 39.48 kg for entire segment assembly No. of segments : 18 * focal length : 131.4 meters * optical resolution: 0.1 arcseconds * wavelength : 0.6 - 28.5 microns * size of sun shield: 21.197 m x 14.162 m * Sun shield layers : 1: Max temp 283K, 231 deg. F. 5: Max temp 221K, -80 F Min temp 36K, -394 F * Operating temp : < 50K (-370 deg. F) INSTRUMENTS - Near Infrared Camera (NIRCam) - Near Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) - Mid Infrared Instrument (MIRI) - Fine Guidance Sensors/Near Infrared Imager & Slitless Spectrograph (FGS/NIRISS) TRAJECTORY MCC1A (65-minute engine burn) began 2021-Dec-26 12:50 UTC, completed 01:55 UTC. MCC1B (09:27 engine burn) began 2021-Dec-28 00:20 UTC, completed 00:29:27 UTC. MCC2 (04:57 engine burn) began 2022-Jan-24 19:00 UTC, completed 19:04:57 UTC. Concatenation of reconstructed trajectory solutions (as-flown) from Goddard Flight Dynamics Facility (FDF), based on tracking data through October 28, with prediction thereafter. Trajectory files Start (TDB) End (TDB) ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ----------------- DEFINITIVE_EPHEMERIS_202135913-2024294 2021-Dec-25 13:01 2024-Oct-28 00:01 28D_BURN_PREDICT_SK_2024302000000_06U 2024-Oct-28 00:01 2024-Nov-25 00:01 5Y_SCHEDULE_2024302000000_06U.V0.1 2024-Nov-25 00:01 2029-Oct-27 23:59 ******************************************************************************* ******************************************************************************* Ephemeris / API_USER Mon Nov 4 02:52:14 2024 Pasadena, USA / Horizons ******************************************************************************* Target body name: James Webb Space Telescope (spacecraft) (-170) {source: JWST_merged} Center body name: Earth (399) {source: DE441} Center-site name: iTelescope Obs.,Beryl Junc. (Sato) ******************************************************************************* Start time : A.D. 2024-Oct-31 00:00:00.0000 UT Stop time : A.D. 2024-Nov-01 00:00:00.0000 UT Step-size : 10 minutes ******************************************************************************* Target pole/equ : undefined Target radii : undefined Center geodetic : 246.3025, 37.7377919, 1.56349 {E-lon(deg),Lat(deg),Alt(km)} Center cylindric: 246.3025,5051.53114,3883.42609 {E-lon(deg),Dxy(km),Dz(km)} Center pole/equ : ITRF93 {East-longitude positive} Center radii : 6378.137, 6378.137, 6356.752 km {Equator_a, b, pole_c} Target primary : Earth Vis. interferer : MOON (R_eq= 1737.400) km {source: DE441} Rel. light bend : Sun {source: DE441} Rel. lght bnd GM: 1.3271E+11 km^3/s^2 Atmos refraction: NO (AIRLESS) RA format : HMS Time format : CAL Calendar mode : Mixed Julian/Gregorian RTS-only print : NO EOP file : eop.241101.p250128 EOP coverage : DATA-BASED 1962-JAN-20 TO 2024-NOV-01. PREDICTS-> 2025-JAN-27 Units conversion: 1 au= 149597870.700 km, c= 299792.458 km/s, 1 day= 86400.0 s Table cut-offs 1: Elevation ( 0.0deg=YES),Airmass (>38.000=NO), Daylight (YES) Table cut-offs 2: Solar elongation ( 12.0,180.0=YES),Local Hour Angle( 0.0=NO ) Table cut-offs 3: RA/DEC angular rate ( 0.0=NO ) *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** Date__(UT)__HR:MN R.A._____(ICRF)_____DEC Azi____(a-app)___Elev APmag S-brt r rdot delta deldot S-O-T /r S-T-O T-O-M/MN_Illu% RA_3sigma DEC_3sigma Sky_motion Sky_mot_PA RelVel-ANG *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** $$SOE >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2024-Oct-31 02:10 04 26 18.67 +23 25 05.3 60.584963 0.937384 n.a. n.a. 1.001462248953 -0.3605353 0.01005450767354 -0.2221514 149.1540 /L 30.5512 133.1/ 2.0064 n.a. n.a. 3.6100734 84.062988 -26.84997 2024-Oct-31 02:20 04 26 21.23 +23 25 09.2 62.082260 2.670117 n.a. n.a. 1.001460803020 -0.3604921 0.01005360789170 -0.2264542 149.1511 /L 30.5541 133.2/ 1.9851 n.a. n.a. 3.4858200 83.599629 -28.12378 2024-Oct-31 02:30 04 26 23.70 +23 25 13.3 63.553640 4.427078 n.a. n.a. 1.001459357261 -0.3604490 0.01005269208279 -0.2301425 149.1486 /L 30.5566 133.3/ 1.9637 n.a. n.a. 3.3599661 83.135868 -29.40521 2024-Oct-31 02:40 04 26 26.07 +23 25 17.4 65.001392 6.206725 n.a. n.a. 1.001457911675 -0.3604058 0.01005176272682 -0.2332088 149.1464 /L 30.5588 133.4/ 1.9422 n.a. n.a. 3.2327228 82.671950 -30.69500 2024-Oct-31 02:50 04 26 28.35 +23 25 21.7 66.427831 8.007590 n.a. n.a. 1.001456466262 -0.3603627 0.01005082233054 -0.2356472 149.1446 /L 30.5607 133.5/ 1.9205 n.a. n.a. 3.1043034 82.208222 -31.99396 2024-Oct-31 03:00 04 26 30.54 +23 25 26.0 67.835305 9.828276 n.a. n.a. 1.001455021022 -0.3603195 0.01004987342269 -0.2374527 149.1431 /L 30.5621 133.5/ 1.8987 n.a. n.a. 2.9749230 81.745160 -33.30305 2024-Oct-31 03:10 04 26 32.63 +23 25 30.3 69.226198 11.667449 n.a. n.a. 1.001453575955 -0.3602764 0.01004891854927 -0.2386216 149.1420 /L 30.5633 133.6/ 1.8768 n.a. n.a. 2.8447982 81.283390 -34.62334 2024-Oct-31 03:20 04 26 34.62 +23 25 34.7 70.602941 13.523836 n.a. n.a. 1.001452131060 -0.3602333 0.01004796026865 -0.2391515 149.1412 /L 30.5640 133.7/ 1.8549 n.a. n.a. 2.7141465 80.823734 -35.95609 2024-Oct-31 03:30 04 26 36.52 +23 25 39.1 71.968023 15.396213 n.a. n.a. 1.001450686339 -0.3601901 0.01004700114683 -0.2390410 149.1408 /L 30.5644 133.8/ 1.8328 n.a. n.a. 2.5831859 80.367251 -37.30275 2024-Oct-31 03:40 04 26 38.32 +23 25 43.5 73.324007 17.283404 n.a. n.a. 1.001449241791 -0.3601470 0.01004604375244 -0.2382901 149.1408 /L 30.5645 133.9/ 1.8107 n.a. n.a. 2.4521347 79.915303 -38.66500 2024-Oct-31 03:50 04 26 40.03 +23 25 47.8 74.673546 19.184273 n.a. n.a. 1.001447797416 -0.3601038 0.01004509065194 -0.2369000 149.1412 /L 30.5642 134.0/ 1.7885 n.a. n.a. 2.3212107 79.469631 -40.04478 2024-Oct-31 04:00 04 26 41.64 +23 25 52.1 76.019407 21.097716 n.a. n.a. 1.001446353213 -0.3600607 0.01004414440470 -0.2348730 149.1419 /L 30.5635 134.1/ 1.7663 n.a. n.a. 2.1906311 79.032466 -41.44441 2024-Oct-31 04:10 04 26 43.15 +23 25 56.2 77.364489 23.022658 n.a. n.a. 1.001444909184 -0.3600176 0.01004320755814 -0.2322127 149.1429 /L 30.5625 134.2/ 1.7440 n.a. n.a. 2.0606121 78.606665 -42.86656 2024-Oct-31 04:20 04 26 44.57 +23 26 00.3 78.711861 24.958042 n.a. n.a. 1.001443465328 -0.3599744 0.01004228264280 -0.2289240 149.1444 /L 30.5611 134.3/ 1.7217 n.a. n.a. 1.9313685 78.195907 -44.31444 2024-Oct-31 04:30 04 26 45.90 +23 26 04.2 80.064789 26.902822 n.a. n.a. 1.001442021645 -0.3599313 0.01004137216758 -0.2250127 149.1462 /L 30.5593 134.4/ 1.6995 n.a. n.a. 1.8031134 77.804949 -45.79182 2024-Oct-31 04:40 04 26 47.13 +23 26 08.0 81.426784 28.855956 n.a. n.a. 1.001440578134 -0.3598881 0.01004047861485 -0.2204863 149.1483 /L 30.5572 134.5/ 1.6772 n.a. n.a. 1.6760586 77.439993 -47.30324 2024-Oct-31 04:50 04 26 48.28 +23 26 11.6 82.801642 30.816396 n.a. n.a. 1.001439134797 -0.3598450 0.01003960443574 -0.2153529 149.1508 /L 30.5547 134.6/ 1.6549 n.a. n.a. 1.5504139 77.109206 -48.85412 2024-Oct-31 05:00 04 26 49.33 +23 26 15.0 84.193512 32.783079 n.a. n.a. 1.001437691633 -0.3598019 0.01003875204540 -0.2096222 149.1537 /L 30.5519 134.7/ 1.6327 n.a. n.a. 1.4263882 76.823458 -50.45105 2024-Oct-31 05:10 04 26 50.29 +23 26 18.2 85.606959 34.754913 n.a. n.a. 1.001436248644 -0.3597584 0.01003792381978 -0.2033047 149.1569 /L 30.5488 134.8/ 1.6106 n.a. n.a. 1.3041875 76.597428 -52.10204 2024-Oct-31 05:20 04 26 51.17 +23 26 21.1 87.047047 36.730763 n.a. n.a. 1.001434805829 -0.3597152 0.01003712208715 -0.1964126 149.1604 /L 30.5453 134.9/ 1.5885 n.a. n.a. 1.1840259 76.451323 -53.81684 2024-Oct-31 05:30 04 26 51.97 +23 26 23.7 88.519447 38.709437 n.a. n.a. 1.001433363187 -0.3596721 0.01003634912681 -0.1889587 149.1643 /L 30.5415 135.0/ 1.5664 n.a. n.a. 1.0661149 76.413455 -55.60748 2024-Oct-31 05:40 04 26 52.68 +23 26 26.1 90.030554 40.689664 n.a. n.a. 1.001431920718 -0.3596289 0.01003560716419 -0.1809570 149.1685 /L 30.5373 135.1/ 1.5445 n.a. n.a. 0.9506770 76.524555 -57.48881 2024-Oct-31 05:50 04 26 53.31 +23 26 28.2 91.587641 42.670075 n.a. n.a. 1.001430478422 -0.3595858 0.01003489836630 -0.1724226 149.1730 /L 30.5329 135.2/ 1.5226 n.a. n.a. 0.8379526 76.844985 -59.47916 2024-Oct-31 06:00 04 26 53.86 +23 26 30.0 93.199043 44.649168 n.a. n.a. 1.001429036300 -0.3595426 0.01003422483748 -0.1633716 149.1778 /L 30.5281 135.3/ 1.5008 n.a. n.a. 0.7282163 77.467511 -61.60097 2024-Oct-31 06:10 04 26 54.34 +23 26 31.4 94.874392 46.625278 n.a. n.a. 1.001427594351 -0.3594994 0.01003358861536 -0.1538212 149.1830 /L 30.5230 135.5/ 1.4792 n.a. n.a. 0.6218086 78.541199 -63.88116 2024-Oct-31 06:20 04 26 54.75 +23 26 32.5 96.624894 48.596527 n.a. n.a. 1.001426152575 -0.3594563 0.01003299166683 -0.1437896 149.1884 /L 30.5177 135.6/ 1.4577 n.a. n.a. 0.5192012 80.319074 -66.34996 2024-Oct-31 06:30 04 26 55.09 +23 26 33.2 98.463693 50.560774 n.a. n.a. 1.001424710972 -0.3594131 0.01003243588427 -0.1332957 149.1941 /L 30.5120 135.7/ 1.4363 n.a. n.a. 0.4211432 83.260465 -69.03501 2024-Oct-31 06:40 04 26 55.36 +23 26 33.5 100.406312 52.515538 n.a. n.a. 1.001423269542 -0.3593700 0.01003192308180 -0.1223595 149.2001 /L 30.5061 135.8/ 1.4151 n.a. n.a. 0.3290230 88.267886 -71.93950 2024-Oct-31 06:50 04 26 55.57 +23 26 33.4 102.471211 54.457906 n.a. n.a. 1.001421828286 -0.3593268 0.01003145499179 -0.1110018 149.2063 /L 30.5000 135.9/ 1.3940 n.a. n.a. 0.2458680 97.255219 -74.96559 2024-Oct-31 07:00 04 26 55.71 +23 26 32.9 104.680487 56.384411 n.a. n.a. 1.001420387203 -0.3592837 0.01003103326142 -0.0992443 149.2128 /L 30.4935 136.0/ 1.3731 n.a. n.a. 0.1792352 114.20429 -77.64792 2024-Oct-31 07:10 04 26 55.81 +23 26 31.9 107.060747 58.290878 n.a. n.a. 1.001418946293 -0.3592405 0.01003065944950 -0.0871094 149.2195 /L 30.4869 136.1/ 1.3524 n.a. n.a. 0.1464808 143.18999 -78.47587 2024-Oct-31 07:20 04 26 55.84 +23 26 30.5 109.644173 60.172207 n.a. n.a. 1.001417505556 -0.3591974 0.01003033502339 -0.0746203 149.2265 /L 30.4800 136.2/ 1.3319 n.a. n.a. 0.1632189 174.05374 -75.14693 2024-Oct-31 07:30 04 26 55.83 +23 26 28.7 112.469828 62.022104 n.a. n.a. 1.001416064992 -0.3591542 0.01003006135610 -0.0618008 149.2336 /L 30.4729 136.3/ 1.3116 n.a. n.a. 0.2142587 193.20803 -67.20149 2024-Oct-31 07:40 04 26 55.77 +23 26 26.3 115.585151 63.832711 n.a. n.a. 1.001414624601 -0.3591111 0.01002983972367 -0.0486755 149.2410 /L 30.4656 136.4/ 1.2915 n.a. n.a. 0.2784560 203.20071 -55.25687 2024-Oct-31 07:50 04 26 55.67 +23 26 23.5 119.047585 65.594128 n.a. n.a. 1.001413184384 -0.3590679 0.01002967130256 -0.0352694 149.2485 /L 30.4581 136.5/ 1.2716 n.a. n.a. 0.3462422 208.49824 -40.03869 2024-Oct-31 08:00 04 26 55.54 +23 26 20.2 122.926030 67.293791 n.a. n.a. 1.001411744339 -0.3590248 0.01002955716739 -0.0216082 149.2562 /L 30.4505 136.7/ 1.2519 n.a. n.a. 0.4139788 211.34718 -23.29634 2024-Oct-31 08:10 04 26 55.36 +23 26 16.5 127.301530 68.915692 n.a. n.a. 1.001410304468 -0.3589816 0.01002949828882 -0.0077182 149.2641 /L 30.4427 136.8/ 1.2325 n.a. n.a. 0.4801611 212.79550 -7.555813 2024-Oct-31 08:20 04 26 55.16 +23 26 12.2 132.265940 70.439468 n.a. n.a. 1.001408864770 -0.3589385 0.01002949553166 0.0063742 149.2721 /L 30.4347 136.9/ 1.2133 n.a. n.a. 0.5441107 213.36688 5.5160242 2024-Oct-31 08:30 04 26 54.93 +23 26 07.3 137.916343 71.839457 n.a. n.a. 1.001407425245 -0.3588953 0.01002954965308 0.0206418 149.2803 /L 30.4267 137.0/ 1.1944 n.a. n.a. 0.6055178 213.34477 15.702026 2024-Oct-31 08:40 04 26 54.68 +23 26 02.0 144.341863 73.084037 n.a. n.a. 1.001405985893 -0.3588522 0.01002966130123 0.0350573 149.2885 /L 30.4185 137.1/ 1.1757 n.a. n.a. 0.6642621 212.89349 23.521436 2024-Oct-31 08:50 04 26 54.41 +23 25 56.2 151.599116 74.135834 n.a. n.a. 1.001404546714 -0.3588090 0.01002983101385 0.0495930 149.2969 /L 30.4102 137.2/ 1.1573 n.a. n.a. 0.7203340 212.11384 29.588209 2024-Oct-31 09:00 04 26 54.13 +23 25 49.8 159.675553 74.953733 n.a. n.a. 1.001403107709 -0.3587659 0.01003005921730 0.0642211 149.3053 /L 30.4018 137.3/ 1.1391 n.a. n.a. 0.7737976 211.07051 34.390973 2024-Oct-31 09:10 04 26 53.83 +23 25 42.9 168.449418 75.497621 n.a. n.a. 1.001401668876 -0.3587227 0.01003034622564 0.0789134 149.3138 /L 30.3934 137.4/ 1.1213 n.a. n.a. 0.8247718 209.80674 38.276354 2024-Oct-31 09:20 04 26 53.54 +23 25 35.5 177.669527 75.735802 n.a. n.a. 1.001400230216 -0.3586796 0.01003069224003 0.0936418 149.3224 /L 30.3849 137.5/ 1.1037 n.a. n.a. 0.8734196 208.35248 41.482508 2024-Oct-31 09:30 t 04 26 53.24 +23 25 27.5 186.982754 75.652895 n.a. n.a. 1.001398791730 -0.3586365 0.01003109734838 0.1083779 149.3310 /L 30.3764 137.6/ 1.0864 n.a. n.a. 0.9199419 206.72925 44.172964 2024-Oct-31 09:40 04 26 52.94 +23 25 19.0 196.012729 75.254338 n.a. n.a. 1.001397353417 -0.3585933 0.01003156152508 0.1230935 149.3396 /L 30.3678 137.7/ 1.0693 n.a. n.a. 0.9645736 204.95323 46.461307 2024-Oct-31 09:50 04 26 52.65 +23 25 10.0 204.451636 74.564741 n.a. n.a. 1.001395915276 -0.3585502 0.01003208463112 0.1377604 149.3482 /L 30.3593 137.8/ 1.0526 n.a. n.a. 1.0075799 203.03717 48.427680 2024-Oct-31 10:00 04 26 52.37 +23 25 00.5 212.114848 73.621142 n.a. n.a. 1.001394477309 -0.3585070 0.01003266641435 0.1523503 149.3568 /L 30.3507 137.9/ 1.0362 n.a. n.a. 1.0492540 200.99184 50.129564 2024-Oct-31 10:10 04 26 52.11 +23 24 50.4 218.941149 72.464933 n.a. n.a. 1.001393039515 -0.3584639 0.01003330650991 0.1668352 149.3653 /L 30.3422 138.0/ 1.0200 n.a. n.a. 1.0899135 198.82689 51.608837 2024-Oct-31 10:20 04 26 51.87 +23 24 39.8 224.958654 71.135705 n.a. n.a. 1.001391601894 -0.3584208 0.01003400444106 0.1811874 149.3738 /L 30.3338 138.1/ 1.0042 n.a. n.a. 1.1298971 196.55159 52.896471 2024-Oct-31 10:30 04 26 51.65 +23 24 28.7 230.244538 69.667985 n.a. n.a. 1.001390164445 -0.3583776 0.01003475961999 0.1953792 149.3823 /L 30.3254 138.2/ 0.9886 n.a. n.a. 1.1695606 194.17529 54.015698 2024-Oct-31 10:40 04 26 51.45 +23 24 17.1 234.894284 68.090283 n.a. n.a. 1.001388727170 -0.3583345 0.01003557134908 0.2093835 149.3907 /L 30.3171 138.3/ 0.9734 n.a. n.a. 1.2092720 191.70779 54.984203 2024-Oct-31 10:50 04 26 51.29 +23 24 05.0 239.003367 66.425426 n.a. n.a. 1.001387290068 -0.3582914 0.01003643882217 0.2231735 149.3990 /L 30.3088 138.4/ 0.9584 n.a. n.a. 1.2494064 189.15955 55.815665 2024-Oct-31 11:00 04 26 51.17 +23 23 52.4 242.658456 64.691420 n.a. n.a. 1.001385853139 -0.3582482 0.01003736112629 0.2367226 149.4071 /L 30.3007 138.5/ 0.9438 n.a. n.a. 1.2903396 186.54180 56.520860 2024-Oct-31 11:10 04 26 51.09 +23 23 39.4 245.934361 62.902394 n.a. n.a. 1.001384416383 -0.3582051 0.01003833724325 0.2500048 149.4152 /L 30.2927 138.6/ 0.9295 n.a. n.a. 1.3324420 183.86656 57.108472 2024-Oct-31 11:20 04 26 51.05 +23 23 25.9 248.893946 61.069455 n.a. n.a. 1.001382979800 -0.3581620 0.01003936605183 0.2629949 149.4231 /L 30.2848 138.7/ 0.9155 n.a. n.a. 1.3760717 181.14652 57.585690 2024-Oct-31 11:30 04 26 51.05 +23 23 11.9 251.589316 59.201385 n.a. n.a. 1.001381543390 -0.3581188 0.01004044632988 0.2756678 149.4308 /L 30.2771 138.8/ 0.9018 n.a. n.a. 1.4215682 178.39491 57.958649 2024-Oct-31 11:40 04 26 51.11 +23 22 57.4 254.063410 57.305186 n.a. n.a. 1.001380107153 -0.3580757 0.01004157675671 0.2879993 149.4384 /L 30.2695 138.9/ 0.8884 n.a. n.a. 1.4692456 175.62524 58.232764 2024-Oct-31 11:50 04 26 51.22 +23 22 42.6 256.351584 55.386496 n.a. n.a. 1.001378671088 -0.3580326 0.01004275591576 0.2999659 149.4458 /L 30.2622 139.0/ 0.8752 n.a. n.a. 1.5193872 172.85103 58.412971 2024-Oct-31 12:00 04 26 51.39 +23 22 27.3 258.483011 53.449908 n.a. n.a. 1.001377235197 -0.3579894 0.01004398229727 0.3115447 149.4531 /L 30.2550 139.1/ 0.8624 n.a. n.a. 1.5722410 170.08551 58.503897 2024-Oct-31 12:10 04 26 51.62 +23 22 11.6 260.481859 51.499211 n.a. n.a. 1.001375799479 -0.3579463 0.01004525430129 0.3227135 149.4601 /L 30.2480 139.2/ 0.8500 n.a. n.a. 1.6280153 167.34133 58.509986 2024-Oct-31 12:20 04 26 51.92 +23 21 55.6 262.368263 49.537566 n.a. n.a. 1.001374363934 -0.3579032 0.01004657024084 0.3334512 149.4668 /L 30.2412 139.3/ 0.8378 n.a. n.a. 1.6868767 164.63024 58.435565 2024-Oct-31 12:30 04 26 52.28 +23 21 39.1 264.159097 47.567650 n.a. n.a. 1.001372928561 -0.3578601 0.01004792834513 0.3437371 149.4734 /L 30.2347 139.3/ 0.8258 n.a. n.a. 1.7489488 161.96293 58.284896 2024-Oct-31 12:40 A 04 26 52.71 +23 21 22.3 265.868601 45.591757 n.a. n.a. 1.001371493362 -0.3578169 0.01004932676308 0.3535518 149.4797 /L 30.2284 139.4/ 0.8142 n.a. n.a. 1.8143121 159.34881 58.062185 2024-Oct-31 12:50 A 04 26 53.21 +23 21 05.2 267.508874 43.611882 n.a. n.a. 1.001370058336 -0.3577738 0.01005076356689 0.3628765 149.4857 /L 30.2224 139.5/ 0.8029 n.a. n.a. 1.8830049 156.79589 57.771585 2024-Oct-31 13:00 A 04 26 53.79 +23 20 47.8 269.090276 41.629785 n.a. n.a. 1.001368623482 -0.3577307 0.01005223675581 0.3716936 149.4915 /L 30.2166 139.6/ 0.7919 n.a. n.a. 1.9550254 154.31078 57.417181 2024-Oct-31 13:10 Nm 04 26 54.45 +23 20 30.0 270.621739 39.647039 n.a. n.a. 1.001367188802 -0.3576876 0.01005374426003 0.3799863 149.4970 /L 30.2111 139.7/ 0.7811 n.a. n.a. 2.0303344 151.89865 57.002973 2024-Oct-31 13:20 Nm 04 26 55.19 +23 20 12.0 272.111030 37.665073 n.a. n.a. 1.001365754294 -0.3576444 0.01005528394469 0.3877390 149.5022 /L 30.2059 139.7/ 0.7707 n.a. n.a. 2.1088582 149.56334 56.532852 2024-Oct-31 13:30 Nm 04 26 56.01 +23 19 53.7 273.564951 35.685197 n.a. n.a. 1.001364319960 -0.3576013 0.01005685361406 0.3949369 149.5071 /L 30.2010 139.8/ 0.7605 n.a. n.a. 2.1904923 147.30740 56.010575 2024-Oct-31 13:40 Cm 04 26 56.92 +23 19 35.2 274.989509 33.708637 n.a. n.a. 1.001362885798 -0.3575582 0.01005845101573 0.4015665 149.5117 /L 30.1964 139.9/ 0.7506 n.a. n.a. 2.2751045 145.13227 55.439753 2024-Oct-31 13:50 Cm 04 26 57.91 +23 19 16.4 276.390049 31.736549 n.a. n.a. 1.001361451809 -0.3575151 0.01006007384505 0.4076153 149.5160 /L 30.1921 140.0/ 0.7409 n.a. n.a. 2.3625388 143.03838 54.823827 >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< $$EOE *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** Column meaning: TIME Times PRIOR to 1962 are UT1, a mean-solar time closely related to the prior but now-deprecated GMT. Times AFTER 1962 are in UTC, the current civil or "wall-clock" time-scale. UTC is kept within 0.9 seconds of UT1 using integer leap-seconds for 1972 and later years. Conversion from the internal Barycentric Dynamical Time (TDB) of solar system dynamics to the non-uniform civil UT time-scale requested for output has not been determined for UTC times after the next July or January 1st. Therefore, the last known leap-second is used as a constant over future intervals. Time tags refer to the UT time-scale conversion from TDB on Earth regardless of observer location within the solar system, although clock rates may differ due to the local gravity field and no analog to "UT" may be defined for that location. Any 'b' symbol in the 1st-column denotes a B.C. date. First-column blank (" ") denotes an A.D. date. CALENDAR SYSTEM Mixed calendar mode was active such that calendar dates after AD 1582-Oct-15 (if any) are in the modern Gregorian system. Dates prior to 1582-Oct-5 (if any) are in the Julian calendar system, which is automatically extended for dates prior to its adoption on 45-Jan-1 BC. The Julian calendar is useful for matching historical dates. The Gregorian calendar more accurately corresponds to the Earth's orbital motion and seasons. A "Gregorian-only" calendar mode is available if such physical events are the primary interest. NOTE: "n.a." in output means quantity "not available" at the print-time. SOLAR PRESENCE (OBSERVING SITE) Time tag is followed by a blank, then a solar-presence condition code: '*' Daylight (refracted solar upper-limb on or above apparent horizon) 'C' Civil twilight/dawn 'N' Nautical twilight/dawn 'A' Astronomical twilight/dawn ' ' Night OR geocentric ephemeris LUNAR PRESENCE WITH TARGET RISE/TRANSIT/SET EVENT MARKER (OBSERVING SITE) The solar-presence code column is immediately followed by another marker: 'm' Refracted upper-limb of Moon on or above apparent horizon ' ' Refracted upper-limb of Moon below apparent horizon OR geocentric The lunar presence marker (an ongoing state) can be over-ridden by a target event marker if an event has occurred since the last output step: 'r' Rise (target body on or went above cut-off RTS elevation) 'e' Elevation max (target body maximum elevation angle has occurred) 't' Transit (target body at or passed through observer meridian) 's' Set (target body on or went below cut-off RTS elevation) RTS MARKERS (TVH) Rise and set are with respect to the reference ellipsoid true visual horizon defined by the elevation cut-off angle. Horizon dip and yellow-light refraction (Earth only) are considered. Accuracy is < or = to twice the requested search step-size. 'R.A._____(ICRF)_____DEC' = Astrometric right ascension and declination of the target center with respect to the observing site (coordinate origin) in the reference frame of the planetary ephemeris (ICRF). Compensated for down-leg light-time delay aberration. Units: RA in hours-minutes-seconds of time, HH MM SS.ff{ffff} DEC in degrees-minutes-seconds of arc, sDD MN SC.f{ffff} 'Azi____(a-app)___Elev' = Airless apparent azimuth and elevation of target center. Compensated for light-time, the gravitational deflection of light, stellar aberration, precession and nutation. Azimuth is measured clockwise from north: North(0) -> East(90) -> South(180) -> West(270) -> North (360) Elevation angle is with respect to a plane perpendicular to the reference surface local zenith direction. TOPOCENTRIC ONLY. Units: DEGREES 'APmag S-brt' = The targets' approximate apparent visual magnitude and surface brightness. For planets and natural satellites, output is restricted to solar phase angles covered by observational data. Outside the observed phase angle range, "n.a." may be output to avoid extrapolation beyond the limit of model validity. For Earth-based observers, the estimated dimming due to atmospheric absorption (extinction) is available as a separate, requestable quantity. Surface brightness is the average airless visual magnitude of a square-arcsecond of the illuminated portion of the apparent disk. It is computed only if the target radius is known. Units: MAGNITUDES & MAGNITUDES PER SQUARE ARCSECOND 'r rdot' = The Sun's apparent range ("r", light-time aberrated) and range-rate ("rdot") relative to the target center, as seen by the observer. A positive "rdot" means the target center was moving away from the Sun, negative means moving toward the Sun. Units: AU and KM/S 'delta deldot' = Apparent range ("delta", light-time aberrated) and range-rate ("delta-dot") of the target center relative to the observer. A positive "deldot" means the target center is moving away from the observer, negative indicates movement toward the observer. Units: AU and KM/S 'S-O-T /r' = Sun-Observer-Target apparent SOLAR ELONGATION ANGLE seen from the observers' location at print-time. The '/r' column provides a code indicating the targets' apparent position relative to the Sun in the observers' sky, as described below: Case A: For an observing location on the surface of a rotating body, that body rotational sense is considered: /T indicates target TRAILS Sun (evening sky: rises and sets AFTER Sun) /L indicates target LEADS Sun (morning sky: rises and sets BEFORE Sun) Case B: For an observing point that does not have a rotational model (such as a spacecraft), the "leading" and "trailing" condition is defined by the observers' heliocentric ORBITAL motion: * If continuing in the observers' current direction of heliocentric motion would encounter the targets' apparent longitude first, followed by the Sun's, the target LEADS the Sun as seen by the observer. * If the Sun's apparent longitude would be encountered first, followed by the targets', the target TRAILS the Sun. Two other codes can be output: /* indicates observer is Sun-centered (undefined) /? Target is aligned with Sun center (no lead or trail) The S-O-T solar elongation angle is numerically the minimum separation angle of the Sun and target in the sky in any direction. It does NOT indicate the amount of separation in the leading or trailing directions, which would be defined along the equator of a spherical coordinate system. Units: DEGREES 'S-T-O' = The Sun-Target-Observer angle; the interior vertex angle at target center formed by a vector from the target to the apparent center of the Sun (at reflection time on the target) and the apparent vector from target to the observer at print-time. Slightly different from true PHASE ANGLE (requestable separately) at the few arcsecond level in that it includes stellar aberration on the down-leg from target to observer. Units: DEGREES 'T-O-M/MN_Illu%' = Target-Observer-Moon LUNAR ELONGATION angle and illuminated percentage. The apparent lunar elongation angle between target body center and Moon center, seen from the observing site, along with fraction of the lunar disk illuminated by the Sun. A negative lunar elongation angle indicates the target center is behind the Moon. Units: DEGREES & PERCENT 'RA_3sigma DEC_3sigma' = Uncertainty in Right-Ascension and Declination. Output values are the formal +/- 3 standard-deviations (sigmas) around nominal position. Units: ARCSECONDS 'Sky_motion Sky_mot_PA RelVel-ANG' = Total apparent angular rate of the target in the plane-of-sky. "Sky_mot_PA" is the position angle of the target's direction of motion in the plane-of-sky, measured counter-clockwise from the apparent of-date north pole direction. "RelVel-ANG" is the flight path angle of the target's relative motion with respect to the observer's line-of-sight, in the range [-90,+90], where positive values indicate motion away from the observer, negative values are toward the observer: -90 = target is moving directly toward the observer 0 = target is moving at right angles to the observer's line-of-sight +90 = target is moving directly away from the observer UNITS: ARCSECONDS/MINUTE, DEGREES, DEGREES Computations by ... Solar System Dynamics Group, Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Pasadena, CA 91109 USA General site: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ Mailing list: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/email_list.html System news : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/news.html User Guide : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/manual.html Connect : browser https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/app.html#/x API https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/doc/horizons.html command-line telnet ssd.jpl.nasa.gov 6775 e-mail/batch https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/hrzn_batch.txt scripts https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/SCRIPTS Author : Jon.D.Giorgini@jpl.nasa.gov ***************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************