API VERSION: 1.2 API SOURCE: NASA/JPL Horizons API ******************************************************************************* Revised: Apr 14, 2025 James Webb Space Telescope / (E-S L2) -170 https://www.jwst.nasa.gov/index.html https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bTxLAGchWnA The James Webb Space Telescope ("JWST" or "Webb") is a space-based infrared observatory and NASA's successor to the Hubble Space Telescope. Launched by Ariane 5 booster on 2021-Dec-25 @ 12:20 UTC from the ELA-3 launch complex near Korou, French Guiana. After launch, the telescope will deploy during its 30-day, 1.5 million km journey to halo orbit at the second Earth-Sun Lagrange point (E-S L2). Mission duration is nominally 5-10 years. GOALS - Search for the first galaxies or luminous objects formed after the Big Bang - Determine how galaxies evolved from their formation until now - Observe the formation of stars from the first stages to the formation of planetary systems - Measure the physical and chemical properties of planetary systems, including our own Solar System, investigating the potential for life in those systems. TELESCOPE * total launch mass : ~6200 kg (observatory, fuel, launch adaptor) * primary mirror : 25 m^2 mass : 705 kg material : beryllium coated w/48.25 grams gold (golf-ball size) segment mass : 20.1 kg, 39.48 kg for entire segment assembly No. of segments : 18 * focal length : 131.4 meters * optical resolution: 0.1 arcseconds * wavelength : 0.6 - 28.5 microns * size of sun shield: 21.197 m x 14.162 m * Sun shield layers : 1: Max temp 283K, 231 deg. F. 5: Max temp 221K, -80 F Min temp 36K, -394 F * Operating temp : < 50K (-370 deg. F) INSTRUMENTS - Near Infrared Camera (NIRCam) - Near Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) - Mid Infrared Instrument (MIRI) - Fine Guidance Sensors/Near Infrared Imager & Slitless Spectrograph (FGS/NIRISS) TRAJECTORY MCC1A (65-minute engine burn) began 2021-Dec-26 12:50 UTC, completed 01:55 UTC. MCC1B (09:27 engine burn) began 2021-Dec-28 00:20 UTC, completed 00:29:27 UTC. MCC2 (04:57 engine burn) began 2022-Jan-24 19:00 UTC, completed 19:04:57 UTC. Concatenation of reconstructed trajectory solutions (as-flown) from Goddard Flight Dynamics Facility (FDF), based on tracking data through April 13, with prediction thereafter. Trajectory files Start (TDB) End (TDB) ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ----------------- DEFINITIVE_EPHEMERIS_202135913-2025096 2021-Dec-25 13:01 2025-Apr-14 00:01 28D_BURN_PREDICT_SK_2025104000000_05U 2025-Apr-14 00:01 2025-May-12 00:01 5Y_SCHEDULE_2025104000000_05U.V0.1 2025-May-12 00:01 2030-Apr-13 23:59 ******************************************************************************* ******************************************************************************* Ephemeris / API_USER Fri Apr 18 18:13:49 2025 Pasadena, USA / Horizons ******************************************************************************* Target body name: James Webb Space Telescope (spacecraft) (-170) {source: JWST_merged} Center body name: Earth (399) {source: DE441} Center-site name: El Berrueco ******************************************************************************* Start time : A.D. 2024-Oct-31 00:00:00.0000 UT Stop time : A.D. 2024-Nov-01 00:00:00.0000 UT Step-size : 10 minutes ******************************************************************************* Target pole/equ : undefined Target radii : undefined Center geodetic : 356.4134, 40.8833094, 1.06361 {E-lon(deg),Lat(deg),Alt(km)} Center cylindric: 356.4134,4829.88693,4153.33056 {E-lon(deg),Dxy(km),Dz(km)} Center pole/equ : ITRF93 {East-longitude positive} Center radii : 6378.137, 6378.137, 6356.752 km {Equator_a, b, pole_c} Target primary : Earth Vis. interferer : MOON (R_eq= 1737.400) km {source: DE441} Rel. light bend : Sun {source: DE441} Rel. lght bnd GM: 1.3271E+11 km^3/s^2 Atmos refraction: NO (AIRLESS) RA format : HMS Time format : CAL Calendar mode : Mixed Julian/Gregorian RTS-only print : NO EOP file : eop.250418.p250715 EOP coverage : DATA-BASED 1962-JAN-20 TO 2025-APR-18. PREDICTS-> 2025-JUL-14 Units conversion: 1 au= 149597870.700 km, c= 299792.458 km/s, 1 day= 86400.0 s Table cut-offs 1: Elevation ( 0.0deg=YES),Airmass (>38.000=NO), Daylight (YES) Table cut-offs 2: Solar elongation ( 12.0,180.0=YES),Local Hour Angle( 0.0=NO ) Table cut-offs 3: RA/DEC angular rate ( 0.0=NO ) *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** Date__(UT)__HR:MN R.A._____(ICRF)_____DEC Azi____(a-app)___Elev APmag S-brt r rdot delta deldot S-O-T /r S-T-O T-O-M/MN_Illu% RA_3sigma DEC_3sigma Sky_motion Sky_mot_PA RelVel-ANG *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** $$SOE 2024-Oct-31 00:00 04 25 30.21 +23 31 24.5 114.685893 59.155140 n.a. n.a. 1.001481066394 -0.3610952 0.01001354260379 -0.0659146 149.2243 /L 30.4826 133.0/ 2.0496 n.a. n.a. 0.2385414 139.35933 -66.34398 2024-Oct-31 00:10 04 25 30.30 +23 31 22.5 117.778604 60.854703 n.a. n.a. 1.001479618217 -0.3610520 0.01001330274573 -0.0536485 149.2311 /L 30.4759 133.1/ 2.0248 n.a. n.a. 0.2437955 157.68018 -61.18713 2024-Oct-31 00:20 04 25 30.35 +23 31 20.0 121.150399 62.504415 n.a. n.a. 1.001478170213 -0.3610089 0.01001311267232 -0.0410918 149.2381 /L 30.4690 133.2/ 2.0002 n.a. n.a. 0.2733136 172.70154 -51.16411 2024-Oct-31 00:30 04 25 30.36 +23 31 17.0 124.844954 64.093615 n.a. n.a. 1.001476722382 -0.3609658 0.01001297350079 -0.0282685 149.2453 /L 30.4619 133.3/ 1.9759 n.a. n.a. 0.3181433 183.26561 -36.28384 2024-Oct-31 00:40 04 25 30.33 +23 31 13.6 128.910584 65.609389 n.a. n.a. 1.001475274724 -0.3609227 0.01001288625102 -0.0152033 149.2526 /L 30.4546 133.4/ 1.9518 n.a. n.a. 0.3709134 190.22502 -18.71034 2024-Oct-31 00:50 04 25 30.26 +23 31 09.7 133.398551 67.036171 n.a. n.a. 1.001473827239 -0.3608795 0.01001285184338 -0.0019212 149.2600 /L 30.4472 133.5/ 1.9279 n.a. n.a. 0.4271634 194.69295 -2.130007 2024-Oct-31 01:00 04 25 30.17 +23 31 05.4 138.359452 68.355402 n.a. n.a. 1.001472379927 -0.3608364 0.01001287109711 0.0115525 149.2677 /L 30.4397 133.6/ 1.9044 n.a. n.a. 0.4844321 197.48484 11.144209 2024-Oct-31 01:10 04 25 30.05 +23 31 00.5 143.836800 69.545387 n.a. n.a. 1.001470932788 -0.3607933 0.01001294472858 0.0251918 149.2754 /L 30.4320 133.7/ 1.8811 n.a. n.a. 0.5413769 199.12630 21.027675 2024-Oct-31 01:20 04 25 29.92 +23 30 55.1 149.857054 70.581574 n.a. n.a. 1.001469485823 -0.3607501 0.01001307334990 0.0389707 149.2832 /L 30.4243 133.8/ 1.8580 n.a. n.a. 0.5972671 199.94980 28.326398 2024-Oct-31 01:30 04 25 29.76 +23 30 49.3 156.416318 71.437516 n.a. n.a. 1.001468039030 -0.3607070 0.01001325746779 0.0528627 149.2912 /L 30.4164 133.9/ 1.8353 n.a. n.a. 0.6517182 200.16904 33.825944 2024-Oct-31 01:40 04 25 29.59 +23 30 42.9 163.465986 72.086810 n.a. n.a. 1.001466592410 -0.3606639 0.01001349748241 0.0668411 149.2992 /L 30.4084 134.0/ 1.8128 n.a. n.a. 0.7045545 199.92514 38.087177 2024-Oct-31 01:50 04 25 29.42 +23 30 36.0 170.902590 72.506020 n.a. n.a. 1.001465145963 -0.3606207 0.01001379368678 0.0808791 149.3072 /L 30.4004 134.1/ 1.7907 n.a. n.a. 0.7557342 199.31414 41.479807 2024-Oct-31 02:00 04 25 29.23 +23 30 28.6 178.568938 72.678166 n.a. n.a. 1.001463699690 -0.3605776 0.01001414626604 0.0949499 149.3153 /L 30.3924 134.2/ 1.7688 n.a. n.a. 0.8053073 198.40344 44.244954 2024-Oct-31 02:10 t 04 25 29.05 +23 30 20.7 186.271311 72.595800 n.a. n.a. 1.001462253589 -0.3605345 0.01001455529714 0.1090263 149.3235 /L 30.3843 134.3/ 1.7473 n.a. n.a. 0.8533910 197.24185 46.541967 2024-Oct-31 02:20 04 25 28.87 +23 30 12.3 193.809937 72.262495 n.a. n.a. 1.001460807662 -0.3604914 0.01001502074868 0.1230814 149.3317 /L 30.3762 134.4/ 1.7261 n.a. n.a. 0.9001534 195.86591 48.478373 2024-Oct-31 02:30 04 25 28.70 +23 30 03.4 201.011831 71.692122 n.a. n.a. 1.001459361907 -0.3604482 0.01001554248097 0.1370881 149.3398 /L 30.3681 134.5/ 1.7052 n.a. n.a. 0.9458036 194.30400 50.128370 2024-Oct-31 02:40 04 25 28.53 +23 29 53.9 207.753515 70.906211 n.a. n.a. 1.001457916326 -0.3604051 0.01001612024630 0.1510197 149.3480 /L 30.3600 134.6/ 1.6846 n.a. n.a. 0.9905832 192.57903 51.544254 2024-Oct-31 02:50 04 25 28.39 +23 29 44.0 213.967614 69.930478 n.a. n.a. 1.001456470918 -0.3603620 0.01001675368944 0.1648493 149.3561 /L 30.3519 134.7/ 1.6644 n.a. n.a. 1.0347602 190.71033 52.763626 2024-Oct-31 03:00 04 25 28.26 +23 29 33.6 219.635910 68.791621 n.a. n.a. 1.001455025682 -0.3603189 0.01001744234825 0.1785505 149.3642 /L 30.3438 134.8/ 1.6445 n.a. n.a. 1.0786229 188.71486 53.814017 2024-Oct-31 03:10 04 25 28.15 +23 29 22.7 224.775730 67.515013 n.a. n.a. 1.001453580620 -0.3602757 0.01001818565469 0.1920969 149.3722 /L 30.3359 134.9/ 1.6249 n.a. n.a. 1.1224746 186.60815 54.715950 2024-Oct-31 03:20 04 25 28.08 +23 29 11.3 229.425859 66.123421 n.a. n.a. 1.001452135731 -0.3602326 0.01001898293594 0.2054626 149.3802 /L 30.3280 135.0/ 1.6056 n.a. n.a. 1.1666278 184.40488 55.484997 2024-Oct-31 03:30 04 25 28.03 +23 28 59.4 233.635285 64.636512 n.a. n.a. 1.001450691014 -0.3601895 0.01001983341562 0.2186219 149.3880 /L 30.3201 135.1/ 1.5867 n.a. n.a. 1.2113986 182.11924 56.133204 2024-Oct-31 03:40 04 25 28.02 +23 28 47.1 237.455571 63.070880 n.a. n.a. 1.001449246471 -0.3601464 0.01002073621541 0.2315496 149.3958 /L 30.3124 135.2/ 1.5682 n.a. n.a. 1.2571009 179.76517 56.670092 2024-Oct-31 03:50 04 25 28.04 +23 28 34.3 240.936356 61.440334 n.a. n.a. 1.001447802101 -0.3601033 0.01002169035670 0.2442210 149.4034 /L 30.3048 135.3/ 1.5500 n.a. n.a. 1.3040407 177.35646 57.103380 2024-Oct-31 04:00 04 25 28.11 +23 28 21.0 244.123073 59.756286 n.a. n.a. 1.001446357903 -0.3600602 0.01002269476259 0.2566118 149.4110 /L 30.2974 135.4/ 1.5321 n.a. n.a. 1.3525105 174.90677 57.439498 2024-Oct-31 04:10 04 25 28.22 +23 28 07.4 247.056076 58.028150 n.a. n.a. 1.001444913879 -0.3600171 0.01002374825989 0.2686982 149.4183 /L 30.2900 135.5/ 1.5146 n.a. n.a. 1.4027840 172.42948 57.683973 2024-Oct-31 04:20 04 25 28.39 +23 27 53.2 249.770570 56.263705 n.a. n.a. 1.001443470027 -0.3599740 0.01002484958152 0.2804572 149.4255 /L 30.2829 135.6/ 1.4974 n.a. n.a. 1.4551111 169.93764 57.841704 2024-Oct-31 04:30 04 25 28.60 +23 27 38.7 252.296947 54.469407 n.a. n.a. 1.001442026349 -0.3599308 0.01002599736892 0.2918663 149.4325 /L 30.2759 135.7/ 1.4805 n.a. n.a. 1.5097143 167.44373 57.917154 2024-Oct-31 04:40 04 25 28.87 +23 27 23.8 254.661305 52.650642 n.a. n.a. 1.001440582843 -0.3598877 0.01002719017478 0.3029037 149.4394 /L 30.2691 135.8/ 1.4640 n.a. n.a. 1.5667849 164.95957 57.914500 2024-Oct-31 04:50 04 25 29.20 +23 27 08.5 256.886009 50.811943 n.a. n.a. 1.001439139510 -0.3598446 0.01002842646578 0.3135482 149.4460 /L 30.2624 135.8/ 1.4479 n.a. n.a. 1.6264810 162.49608 57.837721 2024-Oct-31 05:00 04 25 29.59 +23 26 52.8 258.990229 48.957153 n.a. n.a. 1.001437696351 -0.3598015 0.01002970462563 0.3237797 149.4524 /L 30.2560 135.9/ 1.4321 n.a. n.a. 1.6889257 160.06316 57.690659 2024-Oct-31 05:10 04 25 30.04 +23 26 36.8 260.990432 47.089562 n.a. n.a. 1.001436253364 -0.3597584 0.01003102295824 0.3335786 149.4587 /L 30.2498 136.0/ 1.4166 n.a. n.a. 1.7542069 157.66962 57.477058 2024-Oct-31 05:20 A 04 25 30.56 +23 26 20.4 262.900804 45.212013 n.a. n.a. 1.001434810551 -0.3597153 0.01003237969100 0.3429262 149.4646 /L 30.2439 136.1/ 1.4014 n.a. n.a. 1.8223774 155.32308 57.200576 2024-Oct-31 05:30 A 04 25 31.15 +23 26 03.7 264.733618 43.326992 n.a. n.a. 1.001433367910 -0.3596722 0.01003377297823 0.3518048 149.4703 /L 30.2382 136.2/ 1.3866 n.a. n.a. 1.8934559 153.02992 56.864790 2024-Oct-31 05:40 Am 04 25 31.82 +23 25 46.7 266.499537 41.436693 n.a. n.a. 1.001431925442 -0.3596290 0.01003520090477 0.3601975 149.4758 /L 30.2327 136.3/ 1.3721 n.a. n.a. 1.9674287 150.79535 56.473191 2024-Oct-31 05:50 Nm 04 25 32.55 +23 25 29.4 268.207880 39.543077 n.a. n.a. 1.001430483147 -0.3595859 0.01003666148976 0.3680885 149.4810 /L 30.2275 136.3/ 1.3579 n.a. n.a. 2.0442516 148.62342 56.029173 2024-Oct-31 06:00 Nm 04 25 33.37 +23 25 11.8 269.866828 37.647914 n.a. n.a. 1.001429041025 -0.3595428 0.01003815269038 0.3754627 149.4859 /L 30.2226 136.4/ 1.3441 n.a. n.a. 2.1238527 146.51708 55.536017 2024-Oct-31 06:10 Nm 04 25 34.26 +23 24 54.0 271.483611 35.752825 n.a. n.a. 1.001427599077 -0.3594997 0.01003967240590 0.3823062 149.4906 /L 30.2180 136.5/ 1.3305 n.a. n.a. 2.2061343 144.47832 54.996886 2024-Oct-31 06:20 Cm 04 25 35.24 +23 24 36.0 273.064658 33.859309 n.a. n.a. 1.001426157301 -0.3594566 0.01004121848165 0.3886060 149.4949 /L 30.2136 136.6/ 1.3173 n.a. n.a. 2.2909762 142.50822 54.414808 2024-Oct-31 06:30 Cm 04 25 36.30 +23 24 17.7 274.615717 31.968767 n.a. n.a. 1.001424715698 -0.3594135 0.01004278871331 0.3943504 149.4990 /L 30.2096 136.6/ 1.3044 n.a. n.a. 2.3782380 140.60712 53.792672 >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2024-Oct-31 18:40 A 04 29 23.41 +23 11 40.1 59.229679 0.699049 n.a. n.a. 1.001319945743 -0.3562659 0.01009327386000 -0.2044505 149.1930 /L 30.5114 140.6/ 0.6345 n.a. n.a. 3.6023848 85.613900 -24.94264 2024-Oct-31 18:50 04 29 25.97 +23 11 43.0 60.838093 2.334511 n.a. n.a. 1.001318516934 -0.3562228 0.01009244428485 -0.2091498 149.1901 /L 30.5142 140.6/ 0.6235 n.a. n.a. 3.4851571 85.196439 -26.18927 2024-Oct-31 19:00 04 29 28.44 +23 11 46.1 62.422066 3.995854 n.a. n.a. 1.001317088298 -0.3561797 0.01009159702484 -0.2132682 149.1876 /L 30.5167 140.7/ 0.6125 n.a. n.a. 3.3662072 84.781808 -27.44209 2024-Oct-31 19:10 04 29 30.83 +23 11 49.3 63.983793 5.681448 n.a. n.a. 1.001315659835 -0.3561366 0.01009073442621 -0.2167977 149.1854 /L 30.5189 140.8/ 0.6014 n.a. n.a. 3.2457347 84.370533 -28.70166 2024-Oct-31 19:20 04 29 33.13 +23 11 52.6 65.525519 7.389732 n.a. n.a. 1.001314231545 -0.3560935 0.01008985886526 -0.2197313 149.1836 /L 30.5208 140.9/ 0.5902 n.a. n.a. 3.1239421 83.963280 -29.96861 2024-Oct-31 19:30 04 29 35.34 +23 11 56.0 67.049546 9.119210 n.a. n.a. 1.001312803427 -0.3560504 0.01008897274384 -0.2220632 149.1820 /L 30.5223 141.0/ 0.5791 n.a. n.a. 3.0010338 83.560877 -31.24365 2024-Oct-31 19:40 04 29 37.45 +23 11 59.5 68.558234 10.868441 n.a. n.a. 1.001311375483 -0.3560073 0.01008807848483 -0.2237887 149.1809 /L 30.5235 141.1/ 0.5679 n.a. n.a. 2.8772164 83.164355 -32.52762 2024-Oct-31 19:50 04 29 39.48 +23 12 03.0 70.054007 12.636042 n.a. n.a. 1.001309947711 -0.3559642 0.01008717852755 -0.2249043 149.1800 /L 30.5244 141.1/ 0.5567 n.a. n.a. 2.7526982 82.774985 -33.82144 2024-Oct-31 20:00 04 29 41.41 +23 12 06.6 71.539367 14.420673 n.a. n.a. 1.001308520112 -0.3559211 0.01008627532314 -0.2254077 149.1795 /L 30.5249 141.2/ 0.5455 n.a. n.a. 2.6276885 82.394340 -35.12622 2024-Oct-31 20:10 04 29 43.26 +23 12 10.1 73.016904 16.221037 n.a. n.a. 1.001307092686 -0.3558780 0.01008537132990 -0.2252976 149.1794 /L 30.5251 141.3/ 0.5343 n.a. n.a. 2.5023976 82.024359 -36.44321 2024-Oct-31 20:20 04 29 45.01 +23 12 13.6 74.489308 18.035874 n.a. n.a. 1.001305665433 -0.3558349 0.01008446900867 -0.2245740 149.1796 /L 30.5249 141.4/ 0.5231 n.a. n.a. 2.3770363 81.667445 -37.77384 2024-Oct-31 20:30 04 29 46.67 +23 12 17.1 75.959392 19.863950 n.a. n.a. 1.001304238352 -0.3557918 0.01008357081806 -0.2232380 149.1801 /L 30.5244 141.5/ 0.5119 n.a. n.a. 2.2518159 81.326572 -39.11982 2024-Oct-31 20:40 04 29 48.23 +23 12 20.5 77.430111 21.704055 n.a. n.a. 1.001302811445 -0.3557487 0.01008267920986 -0.2212919 149.1810 /L 30.5235 141.6/ 0.5008 n.a. n.a. 2.1269474 81.005444 -40.48311 2024-Oct-31 20:50 04 29 49.71 +23 12 23.8 78.904590 23.554989 n.a. n.a. 1.001301384710 -0.3557056 0.01008179662432 -0.2187392 149.1823 /L 30.5223 141.7/ 0.4897 n.a. n.a. 2.0026423 80.708692 -41.86599 2024-Oct-31 21:00 04 29 51.10 +23 12 27.1 80.386152 25.415563 n.a. n.a. 1.001299958148 -0.3556626 0.01008092548546 -0.2155845 149.1839 /L 30.5207 141.8/ 0.4786 n.a. n.a. 1.8791116 80.442150 -43.27116 2024-Oct-31 21:10 04 29 52.40 +23 12 30.2 81.878353 27.284580 n.a. n.a. 1.001298531759 -0.3556195 0.01008006819649 -0.2118335 149.1858 /L 30.5188 141.9/ 0.4676 n.a. n.a. 1.7565668 80.213215 -44.70180 2024-Oct-31 21:20 04 29 53.61 +23 12 33.1 83.385027 29.160832 n.a. n.a. 1.001297105543 -0.3555764 0.01007922713513 -0.2074933 149.1881 /L 30.5166 142.0/ 0.4567 n.a. n.a. 1.6352199 80.031351 -46.16166 2024-Oct-31 21:30 04 29 54.74 +23 12 35.9 84.910334 31.043086 n.a. n.a. 1.001295679500 -0.3555333 0.01007840464910 -0.2025717 149.1907 /L 30.5140 142.1/ 0.4458 n.a. n.a. 1.5152842 79.908797 -47.65517 2024-Oct-31 21:40 04 29 55.78 +23 12 38.5 86.458817 32.930072 n.a. n.a. 1.001294253629 -0.3554902 0.01007760305161 -0.1970781 149.1937 /L 30.5111 142.2/ 0.4350 n.a. n.a. 1.3969760 79.861564 -49.18762 2024-Oct-31 21:50 04 29 56.73 +23 12 40.9 88.035473 34.820467 n.a. n.a. 1.001292827932 -0.3554471 0.01007682461681 -0.1910226 149.1969 /L 30.5079 142.3/ 0.4243 n.a. n.a. 1.2805166 79.910898 -50.76527 2024-Oct-31 22:00 04 29 57.60 +23 12 43.0 89.645833 36.712881 n.a. n.a. 1.001291402407 -0.3554040 0.01007607157559 -0.1844167 149.2005 /L 30.5043 142.4/ 0.4136 n.a. n.a. 1.1661362 80.085445 -52.39558 2024-Oct-31 22:10 04 29 58.40 +23 12 44.9 91.296060 38.605832 n.a. n.a. 1.001289977055 -0.3553609 0.01007534611104 -0.1772727 149.2045 /L 30.5005 142.5/ 0.4031 n.a. n.a. 1.0540801 80.424554 -54.08734 2024-Oct-31 22:20 04 29 59.11 +23 12 46.6 92.993064 40.497728 n.a. n.a. 1.001288551876 -0.3553178 0.01007465035442 -0.1696041 149.2087 /L 30.4963 142.6/ 0.3927 n.a. n.a. 0.9446185 80.983450 -55.85078 2024-Oct-31 22:30 04 29 59.75 +23 12 47.9 94.744637 42.386832 n.a. n.a. 1.001287126870 -0.3552747 0.01007398638089 -0.1614255 149.2132 /L 30.4918 142.7/ 0.3824 n.a. n.a. 0.8380631 81.841578 -57.69746 2024-Oct-31 22:40 04 30 00.32 +23 12 49.0 96.559625 44.271233 n.a. n.a. 1.001285702037 -0.3552316 0.01007335620558 -0.1527522 149.2180 /L 30.4870 142.8/ 0.3722 n.a. n.a. 0.7347965 83.116508 -59.63962 2024-Oct-31 22:50 04 30 00.81 +23 12 49.7 98.448115 46.148801 n.a. n.a. 1.001284277377 -0.3551885 0.01007276177963 -0.1436006 149.2232 /L 30.4820 142.9/ 0.3622 n.a. n.a. 0.6353242 84.987865 -61.68810 2024-Oct-31 23:00 04 30 01.23 +23 12 50.1 100.421680 48.017135 n.a. n.a. 1.001282852889 -0.3551454 0.01007220498641 -0.1339883 149.2286 /L 30.4767 143.0/ 0.3523 n.a. n.a. 0.5403732 87.739655 -63.84699 2024-Oct-31 23:10 04 30 01.59 +23 12 50.2 102.493647 49.873502 n.a. n.a. 1.001281428575 -0.3551023 0.01007168763785 -0.1239333 149.2342 /L 30.4711 143.1/ 0.3425 n.a. n.a. 0.4510850 91.835768 -66.10008 2024-Oct-31 23:20 04 30 01.89 +23 12 49.9 104.679438 51.714755 n.a. n.a. 1.001280004434 -0.3550592 0.01007121147091 -0.1134549 149.2401 /L 30.4652 143.2/ 0.3329 n.a. n.a. 0.3694072 98.047390 -68.37690 2024-Oct-31 23:30 04 30 02.13 +23 12 49.2 106.996946 53.537233 n.a. n.a. 1.001278580465 -0.3550161 0.01007077814417 -0.1025729 149.2463 /L 30.4591 143.4/ 0.3234 n.a. n.a. 0.2988679 107.60781 -70.47001 2024-Oct-31 23:40 04 30 02.30 +23 12 48.1 109.466985 55.336646 n.a. n.a. 1.001277156669 -0.3549730 0.01007038923464 -0.0913082 149.2527 /L 30.4528 143.5/ 0.3141 n.a. n.a. 0.2457790 122.05867 -71.85746 2024-Oct-31 23:50 04 30 02.43 +23 12 46.5 112.113774 57.107912 n.a. n.a. 1.001275733047 -0.3549299 0.01007004623459 -0.0796822 149.2593 /L 30.4462 143.6/ 0.3050 n.a. n.a. 0.2192371 141.58704 -71.48333 2024-Nov-01 00:00 04 30 02.50 +23 12 44.6 114.965462 58.844975 n.a. n.a. 1.001274309597 -0.3548868 0.01006975054876 -0.0677171 149.2662 /L 30.4395 143.7/ 0.2960 n.a. n.a. 0.2250713 162.21111 -67.97329 $$EOE *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** Column meaning: TIME Times PRIOR to 1962 are UT1, a mean-solar time closely related to the prior but now-deprecated GMT. Times AFTER 1962 are in UTC, the current civil or "wall-clock" time-scale. UTC is kept within 0.9 seconds of UT1 using integer leap-seconds for 1972 and later years. Conversion from the internal Barycentric Dynamical Time (TDB) of solar system dynamics to the non-uniform civil UT time-scale requested for output has not been determined for UTC times after the next July or January 1st. Therefore, the last known leap-second is used as a constant over future intervals. Time tags refer to the UT time-scale conversion from TDB on Earth regardless of observer location within the solar system, although clock rates may differ due to the local gravity field and no analog to "UT" may be defined for that location. Any 'b' symbol in the 1st-column denotes a B.C. date. First-column blank (" ") denotes an A.D. date. CALENDAR SYSTEM Mixed calendar mode was active such that calendar dates after AD 1582-Oct-15 (if any) are in the modern Gregorian system. Dates prior to 1582-Oct-5 (if any) are in the Julian calendar system, which is automatically extended for dates prior to its adoption on 45-Jan-1 BC. The Julian calendar is useful for matching historical dates. The Gregorian calendar more accurately corresponds to the Earth's orbital motion and seasons. A "Gregorian-only" calendar mode is available if such physical events are the primary interest. NOTE: "n.a." in output means quantity "not available" at the print-time. SOLAR PRESENCE (OBSERVING SITE) Time tag is followed by a blank, then a solar-presence condition code: '*' Daylight (refracted solar upper-limb on or above apparent horizon) 'C' Civil twilight/dawn 'N' Nautical twilight/dawn 'A' Astronomical twilight/dawn ' ' Night OR geocentric ephemeris LUNAR PRESENCE WITH TARGET RISE/TRANSIT/SET EVENT MARKER (OBSERVING SITE) The solar-presence code column is immediately followed by another marker: 'm' Refracted upper-limb of Moon on or above apparent horizon ' ' Refracted upper-limb of Moon below apparent horizon OR geocentric The lunar presence marker (an ongoing state) can be over-ridden by a target event marker if an event has occurred since the last output step: 'r' Rise (target body on or went above cut-off RTS elevation) 'e' Elevation max (target body maximum elevation angle has occurred) 't' Transit (target body at or passed through observer meridian) 's' Set (target body on or went below cut-off RTS elevation) RTS MARKERS (TVH) Rise and set are with respect to the reference ellipsoid true visual horizon defined by the elevation cut-off angle. Horizon dip and yellow-light refraction (Earth only) are considered. Accuracy is < or = to twice the requested search step-size. 'R.A._____(ICRF)_____DEC' = Astrometric right ascension and declination of the target center with respect to the observing site (coordinate origin) in the reference frame of the planetary ephemeris (ICRF). Compensated for down-leg light-time delay aberration. Units: RA in hours-minutes-seconds of time, HH MM SS.ff{ffff} DEC in degrees-minutes-seconds of arc, sDD MN SC.f{ffff} 'Azi____(a-app)___Elev' = Airless apparent azimuth and elevation of target center. Compensated for light-time, the gravitational deflection of light, stellar aberration, precession and nutation. Azimuth is measured clockwise from north: North(0) -> East(90) -> South(180) -> West(270) -> North (360) Elevation angle is with respect to a plane perpendicular to the reference surface local zenith direction. TOPOCENTRIC ONLY. Units: DEGREES 'APmag S-brt' = The targets' approximate apparent visual magnitude and surface brightness. For planets and natural satellites, output is restricted to solar phase angles covered by observational data. Outside the observed phase angle range, "n.a." may be output to avoid extrapolation beyond the limit of model validity. For Earth-based observers, the estimated dimming due to atmospheric absorption (extinction) is available as a separate, requestable quantity. Surface brightness is the average airless visual magnitude of a square-arcsecond of the illuminated portion of the apparent disk. It is computed only if the target radius is known. Units: MAGNITUDES & MAGNITUDES PER SQUARE ARCSECOND 'r rdot' = The Sun's apparent range ("r", light-time aberrated) and range-rate ("rdot") relative to the target center, as seen by the observer. A positive "rdot" means the target center was moving away from the Sun, negative means moving toward the Sun. Units: AU and KM/S 'delta deldot' = Apparent range ("delta", light-time aberrated) and range-rate ("delta-dot") of the target center relative to the observer. A positive "deldot" means the target center is moving away from the observer, negative indicates movement toward the observer. Units: AU and KM/S 'S-O-T /r' = Sun-Observer-Target apparent SOLAR ELONGATION ANGLE seen from the observers' location at print-time. The '/r' column provides a code indicating the targets' apparent position relative to the Sun in the observers' sky, as described below: Case A: For an observing location on the surface of a rotating body, that body rotational sense is considered: /T indicates target TRAILS Sun (evening sky: rises and sets AFTER Sun) /L indicates target LEADS Sun (morning sky: rises and sets BEFORE Sun) Case B: For an observing point that does not have a rotational model (such as a spacecraft), the "leading" and "trailing" condition is defined by the observers' heliocentric ORBITAL motion: * If continuing in the observers' current direction of heliocentric motion would encounter the targets' apparent longitude first, followed by the Sun's, the target LEADS the Sun as seen by the observer. * If the Sun's apparent longitude would be encountered first, followed by the targets', the target TRAILS the Sun. Two other codes can be output: /* indicates observer is Sun-centered (undefined) /? Target is aligned with Sun center (no lead or trail) The S-O-T solar elongation angle is numerically the minimum separation angle of the Sun and target in the sky in any direction. It does NOT indicate the amount of separation in the leading or trailing directions, which would be defined along the equator of a spherical coordinate system. Units: DEGREES 'S-T-O' = The Sun-Target-Observer angle; the interior vertex angle at target center formed by a vector from the target to the apparent center of the Sun (at reflection time on the target) and the apparent vector from target to the observer at print-time. Slightly different from true PHASE ANGLE (requestable separately) at the few arcsecond level in that it includes stellar aberration on the down-leg from target to observer. Units: DEGREES 'T-O-M/MN_Illu%' = Target-Observer-Moon LUNAR ELONGATION angle and illuminated percentage. The apparent lunar elongation angle between target body center and Moon center, seen from the observing site, along with fraction of the lunar disk illuminated by the Sun. A negative lunar elongation angle indicates the target center is behind the Moon. Units: DEGREES & PERCENT 'RA_3sigma DEC_3sigma' = Uncertainty in Right-Ascension and Declination. Output values are the formal +/- 3 standard-deviations (sigmas) around nominal position. Units: ARCSECONDS 'Sky_motion Sky_mot_PA RelVel-ANG' = Total apparent angular rate of the target in the plane-of-sky. "Sky_mot_PA" is the position angle of the target's direction of motion in the plane-of-sky, measured counter-clockwise from the apparent of-date north pole direction. "RelVel-ANG" is the flight path angle of the target's relative motion with respect to the observer's line-of-sight, in the range [-90,+90], where positive values indicate motion away from the observer, negative values are toward the observer: -90 = target is moving directly toward the observer 0 = target is moving at right angles to the observer's line-of-sight +90 = target is moving directly away from the observer UNITS: ARCSECONDS/MINUTE, DEGREES, DEGREES Computations by ... Solar System Dynamics Group, Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Pasadena, CA 91109 USA General site: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ Mailing list: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/email_list.html System news : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/news.html User Guide : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/manual.html Connect : browser https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/app.html#/x API https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/doc/horizons.html command-line telnet ssd.jpl.nasa.gov 6775 e-mail/batch https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/horizons_batch.txt scripts https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/SCRIPTS Author : Jon.D.Giorgini@jpl.nasa.gov ***************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************