API VERSION: 1.2 API SOURCE: NASA/JPL Horizons API ******************************************************************************* Revised: Jul 08, 2025 James Webb Space Telescope / (E-S L2) -170 https://www.jwst.nasa.gov/index.html https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bTxLAGchWnA The James Webb Space Telescope ("JWST" or "Webb") is a space-based infrared observatory and NASA's successor to the Hubble Space Telescope. Launched by Ariane 5 booster on 2021-Dec-25 @ 12:20 UTC from the ELA-3 launch complex near Korou, French Guiana. After launch, the telescope will deploy during its 30-day, 1.5 million km journey to halo orbit at the second Earth-Sun Lagrange point (E-S L2). Mission duration is nominally 5-10 years. GOALS - Search for the first galaxies or luminous objects formed after the Big Bang - Determine how galaxies evolved from their formation until now - Observe the formation of stars from the first stages to the formation of planetary systems - Measure the physical and chemical properties of planetary systems, including our own Solar System, investigating the potential for life in those systems. TELESCOPE * total launch mass : ~6200 kg (observatory, fuel, launch adaptor) * primary mirror : 25 m^2 mass : 705 kg material : beryllium coated w/48.25 grams gold (golf-ball size) segment mass : 20.1 kg, 39.48 kg for entire segment assembly No. of segments : 18 * focal length : 131.4 meters * optical resolution: 0.1 arcseconds * wavelength : 0.6 - 28.5 microns * size of sun shield: 21.197 m x 14.162 m * Sun shield layers : 1: Max temp 283K, 231 deg. F. 5: Max temp 221K, -80 F Min temp 36K, -394 F * Operating temp : < 50K (-370 deg. F) INSTRUMENTS - Near Infrared Camera (NIRCam) - Near Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) - Mid Infrared Instrument (MIRI) - Fine Guidance Sensors/Near Infrared Imager & Slitless Spectrograph (FGS/NIRISS) TRAJECTORY MCC1A (65-minute engine burn) began 2021-Dec-26 12:50 UTC, completed 01:55 UTC. MCC1B (09:27 engine burn) began 2021-Dec-28 00:20 UTC, completed 00:29:27 UTC. MCC2 (04:57 engine burn) began 2022-Jan-24 19:00 UTC, completed 19:04:57 UTC. Concatenation of reconstructed trajectory solutions (as-flown) from Goddard Flight Dynamics Facility (FDF), based on tracking data through July 04, with prediction thereafter. Trajectory files Start (TDB) End (TDB) ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ----------------- DEFINITIVE_EPHEMERIS_202135913-2025180 2021-Dec-25 13:01 2025-Jul-07 00:01 28D_BURN_PREDICT_SK_2025188000000_05U 2025-Jul-07 00:01 2025-Aug-04 00:01 5Y_SCHEDULE_2025188000000_05U.V0.1 2025-Aug-04 00:01 2030-Jul-06 23:59 ******************************************************************************* ******************************************************************************* Ephemeris / API_USER Thu Jul 10 01:30:21 2025 Pasadena, USA / Horizons ******************************************************************************* Target body name: James Webb Space Telescope (spacecraft) (-170) {source: JWST_merged} Center body name: Earth (399) {source: DE441} Center-site name: SATINO Remote Observatory, Haute Provence ******************************************************************************* Start time : A.D. 2024-Oct-31 00:00:00.0000 UT Stop time : A.D. 2024-Nov-01 00:00:00.0000 UT Step-size : 10 minutes ******************************************************************************* Target pole/equ : undefined Target radii : undefined Center geodetic : 5.7124, 43.9320269, .703985 {E-lon(deg),Lat(deg),Alt(km)} Center cylindric: 5.7124, 4601.22659, 4403.14405 {E-lon(deg),Dxy(km),Dz(km)} Center pole/equ : ITRF93 {East-longitude positive} Center radii : 6378.137, 6378.137, 6356.752 km {Equator_a, b, pole_c} Target primary : Earth Vis. interferer : MOON (R_eq= 1737.400) km {source: DE441} Rel. light bend : Sun {source: DE441} Rel. lght bnd GM: 1.3271E+11 km^3/s^2 Atmos refraction: NO (AIRLESS) RA format : HMS Time format : CAL Calendar mode : Mixed Julian/Gregorian RTS-only print : NO EOP file : eop.250709.p251005 EOP coverage : DATA-BASED 1962-JAN-20 TO 2025-JUL-09. PREDICTS-> 2025-OCT-04 Units conversion: 1 au= 149597870.700 km, c= 299792.458 km/s, 1 day= 86400.0 s Table cut-offs 1: Elevation ( 0.0deg=YES),Airmass (>38.000=NO), Daylight (YES) Table cut-offs 2: Solar elongation ( 12.0,180.0=YES),Local Hour Angle( 0.0=NO ) Table cut-offs 3: RA/DEC angular rate ( 0.0=NO ) *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** Date__(UT)__HR:MN R.A._____(ICRF)_____DEC Azi____(a-app)___Elev APmag S-brt r rdot delta deldot S-O-T /r S-T-O T-O-M/MN_Illu% RA_3sigma DEC_3sigma Sky_motion Sky_mot_PA RelVel-ANG *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** $$SOE 2024-Oct-31 00:00 04 25 22.33 +23 30 59.8 132.574025 63.226014 n.a. n.a. 1.001481066392 -0.3610952 0.01001208665494 -0.0133001 149.2555 /L 30.4518 133.1/ 2.0256 n.a. n.a. 0.3788490 168.16070 -16.17597 2024-Oct-31 00:10 04 25 22.38 +23 30 55.9 136.904980 64.507708 n.a. n.a. 1.001479618215 -0.3610520 0.01001205850628 -0.0007036 149.2626 /L 30.4447 133.2/ 2.0016 n.a. n.a. 0.4180229 175.08395 -0.797106 2024-Oct-31 00:20 04 25 22.39 +23 30 51.5 141.592078 65.685523 n.a. n.a. 1.001478170212 -0.3610089 0.01001208126376 0.0120819 149.2698 /L 30.4376 133.3/ 1.9779 n.a. n.a. 0.4628561 180.13067 12.170655 2024-Oct-31 00:30 04 25 22.38 +23 30 46.6 146.652600 66.742837 n.a. n.a. 1.001476722381 -0.3609658 0.01001215563691 0.0250322 149.2771 /L 30.4303 133.4/ 1.9544 n.a. n.a. 0.5108654 183.68542 22.040676 2024-Oct-31 00:40 04 25 22.34 +23 30 41.3 152.090630 67.661792 n.a. n.a. 1.001475274723 -0.3609227 0.01001228223633 0.0381222 149.2846 /L 30.4229 133.5/ 1.9312 n.a. n.a. 0.5604197 186.09074 29.337679 2024-Oct-31 00:50 04 25 22.29 +23 30 35.5 157.891157 68.424065 n.a. n.a. 1.001473827238 -0.3608795 0.01001246157253 0.0513270 149.2921 /L 30.4155 133.6/ 1.9082 n.a. n.a. 0.6104855 187.61315 34.785765 2024-Oct-31 01:00 04 25 22.23 +23 30 29.2 164.014735 69.012054 n.a. n.a. 1.001472379927 -0.3608364 0.01001269405491 0.0646212 149.2997 /L 30.4079 133.7/ 1.8856 n.a. n.a. 0.6604294 188.45007 38.952639 2024-Oct-31 01:10 04 25 22.16 +23 30 22.4 170.394632 69.410420 n.a. n.a. 1.001470932788 -0.3607933 0.01001297999092 0.0779792 149.3074 /L 30.4003 133.8/ 1.8632 n.a. n.a. 0.7098840 188.74585 42.225086 2024-Oct-31 01:20 04 25 22.08 +23 30 15.1 176.938481 69.607776 n.a. n.a. 1.001469485823 -0.3607501 0.01001331958551 0.0913756 149.3151 /L 30.3926 133.9/ 1.8411 n.a. n.a. 0.7586627 188.60650 44.857741 2024-Oct-31 01:30 t 04 25 22.00 +23 30 07.4 183.535577 69.598147 n.a. n.a. 1.001468039030 -0.3607070 0.01001371294066 0.1047845 149.3229 /L 30.3849 134.0/ 1.8193 n.a. n.a. 0.8067047 188.11092 47.018708 2024-Oct-31 01:40 04 25 21.92 +23 29 59.1 190.068918 69.381815 n.a. n.a. 1.001466592411 -0.3606639 0.01001416005523 0.1181803 149.3307 /L 30.3772 134.1/ 1.7979 n.a. n.a. 0.8540401 187.31892 48.820774 2024-Oct-31 01:50 04 25 21.84 +23 29 50.4 196.429015 68.965276 n.a. n.a. 1.001465145965 -0.3606207 0.01001466082495 0.1315372 149.3384 /L 30.3695 134.2/ 1.7767 n.a. n.a. 0.9007653 186.27691 50.341166 2024-Oct-31 02:00 04 25 21.78 +23 29 41.2 202.525604 68.360328 n.a. n.a. 1.001463699691 -0.3605776 0.01001521504258 0.1448297 149.3462 /L 30.3617 134.3/ 1.7559 n.a. n.a. 0.9470273 185.02183 51.633880 2024-Oct-31 02:10 04 25 21.73 +23 29 31.6 208.294428 67.582569 n.a. n.a. 1.001462253591 -0.3605345 0.01001582239834 0.1580321 149.3540 /L 30.3540 134.4/ 1.7354 n.a. n.a. 0.9930105 183.58391 52.737429 2024-Oct-31 02:20 04 25 21.69 +23 29 21.4 213.698422 66.649718 n.a. n.a. 1.001460807664 -0.3604914 0.01001648248055 0.1711193 149.3617 /L 30.3464 134.5/ 1.7152 n.a. n.a. 1.0389280 181.98863 53.679816 2024-Oct-31 02:30 04 25 21.68 +23 29 10.8 218.724537 65.580088 n.a. n.a. 1.001459361909 -0.3604482 0.01001719477635 0.1840661 149.3694 /L 30.3387 134.6/ 1.6953 n.a. n.a. 1.0850128 180.25808 54.481775 2024-Oct-31 02:40 04 25 21.69 +23 28 59.7 223.378290 64.391445 n.a. n.a. 1.001457916328 -0.3604051 0.01001795867283 0.1968476 149.3770 /L 30.3312 134.7/ 1.6758 n.a. n.a. 1.1315111 178.41196 55.158952 2024-Oct-31 02:50 04 25 21.73 +23 28 48.2 227.677879 63.100268 n.a. n.a. 1.001456470920 -0.3603620 0.01001877345806 0.2094395 149.3845 /L 30.3237 134.8/ 1.6566 n.a. n.a. 1.1786759 176.46821 55.723381 2024-Oct-31 03:00 04 25 21.80 +23 28 36.2 231.649026 61.721374 n.a. n.a. 1.001455025685 -0.3603189 0.01001963832267 0.2218174 149.3919 /L 30.3163 134.9/ 1.6377 n.a. n.a. 1.2267610 174.44345 56.184523 2024-Oct-31 03:10 04 25 21.91 +23 28 23.8 235.321017 60.267803 n.a. n.a. 1.001453580623 -0.3602757 0.01002055236126 0.2339578 149.3992 /L 30.3091 135.0/ 1.6192 n.a. n.a. 1.2760156 172.35330 56.549994 2024-Oct-31 03:20 04 25 22.05 +23 28 10.9 238.723958 58.750868 n.a. n.a. 1.001452135734 -0.3602326 0.01002151457430 0.2458374 149.4064 /L 30.3019 135.1/ 1.6010 n.a. n.a. 1.3266788 170.21249 56.826091 2024-Oct-31 03:30 04 25 22.24 +23 27 57.6 241.887041 57.180302 n.a. n.a. 1.001450691018 -0.3601895 0.01002252387007 0.2574335 149.4135 /L 30.2949 135.2/ 1.5831 n.a. n.a. 1.3789753 168.03494 57.018166 2024-Oct-31 03:40 04 25 22.47 +23 27 43.9 244.837565 55.564439 n.a. n.a. 1.001449246474 -0.3601464 0.01002357906673 0.2687239 149.4204 /L 30.2880 135.3/ 1.5656 n.a. n.a. 1.4331111 165.83374 57.130903 2024-Oct-31 03:50 04 25 22.76 +23 27 29.9 247.600469 53.910407 n.a. n.a. 1.001447802104 -0.3601033 0.01002467889470 0.2796869 149.4271 /L 30.2813 135.3/ 1.5484 n.a. n.a. 1.4892701 163.62114 57.168512 2024-Oct-31 04:00 04 25 23.09 +23 27 15.4 250.198188 52.224308 n.a. n.a. 1.001446357907 -0.3600602 0.01002582199909 0.2903017 149.4337 /L 30.2747 135.4/ 1.5315 n.a. n.a. 1.5476113 161.40848 57.134873 2024-Oct-31 04:10 04 25 23.48 +23 27 00.6 252.650717 50.511382 n.a. n.a. 1.001444913883 -0.3600171 0.01002700694236 0.3005480 149.4401 /L 30.2684 135.5/ 1.5150 n.a. n.a. 1.6082665 159.20611 57.033630 2024-Oct-31 04:20 04 25 23.93 +23 26 45.4 254.975767 48.776149 n.a. n.a. 1.001443470031 -0.3599740 0.01002823220714 0.3104062 149.4462 /L 30.2622 135.6/ 1.4988 n.a. n.a. 1.6713395 157.02335 56.868257 2024-Oct-31 04:30 04 25 24.43 +23 26 29.8 257.188982 47.022527 n.a. n.a. 1.001442026353 -0.3599308 0.01002949619917 0.3198576 149.4522 /L 30.2563 135.7/ 1.4829 n.a. n.a. 1.7369048 154.86844 56.642100 2024-Oct-31 04:40 A 04 25 25.01 +23 26 13.9 259.304163 45.253940 n.a. n.a. 1.001440582847 -0.3598877 0.01003079725041 0.3288841 149.4580 /L 30.2505 135.8/ 1.4674 n.a. n.a. 1.8050081 152.74855 56.358400 2024-Oct-31 04:50 A 04 25 25.64 +23 25 57.8 261.333490 43.473396 n.a. n.a. 1.001439139515 -0.3598446 0.01003213362229 0.3374686 149.4635 /L 30.2450 135.8/ 1.4521 n.a. n.a. 1.8756669 150.66974 56.020306 2024-Oct-31 05:00 A 04 25 26.35 +23 25 41.3 263.287731 41.683563 n.a. n.a. 1.001437696355 -0.3598015 0.01003350350906 0.3455948 149.4688 /L 30.2397 135.9/ 1.4372 n.a. n.a. 1.9488711 148.63704 55.630873 2024-Oct-31 05:10 Nm 04 25 27.12 +23 25 24.5 265.176428 39.886828 n.a. n.a. 1.001436253369 -0.3597584 0.01003490504135 0.3532473 149.4738 /L 30.2347 136.0/ 1.4227 n.a. n.a. 2.0245850 146.65445 55.193065 2024-Oct-31 05:20 Nm 04 25 27.97 +23 25 07.5 267.008065 38.085342 n.a. n.a. 1.001434810555 -0.3597153 0.01003633628975 0.3604114 149.4786 /L 30.2299 136.1/ 1.4084 n.a. n.a. 2.1027486 144.72505 54.709748 2024-Oct-31 05:30 Nm 04 25 28.89 +23 24 50.3 268.790211 36.281067 n.a. n.a. 1.001433367915 -0.3596722 0.01003779526855 0.3670738 149.4831 /L 30.2254 136.2/ 1.3944 n.a. n.a. 2.1832797 142.85108 54.183682 2024-Oct-31 05:40 Nm 04 25 29.89 +23 24 32.8 270.529647 34.475807 n.a. n.a. 1.001431925447 -0.3596290 0.01003927993964 0.3732217 149.4873 /L 30.2212 136.2/ 1.3808 n.a. n.a. 2.2660759 141.03398 53.617515 2024-Oct-31 05:50 Cm 04 25 30.97 +23 24 15.1 272.232478 32.671235 n.a. n.a. 1.001430483152 -0.3595859 0.01004078821634 0.3788437 149.4912 /L 30.2173 136.3/ 1.3674 n.a. n.a. 2.3510163 139.27455 53.013781 2024-Oct-31 06:00 Cm 04 25 32.13 +23 23 57.2 273.904224 30.868924 n.a. n.a. 1.001429041030 -0.3595428 0.01004231796755 0.3839291 149.4949 /L 30.2136 136.4/ 1.3544 n.a. n.a. 2.4379641 137.57296 52.374889 >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2024-Oct-31 17:50 A 04 29 10.99 +23 11 39.2 57.115491 0.308852 n.a. n.a. 1.001327092374 -0.3564814 0.01009162528792 -0.1836373 149.2051 /L 30.4994 140.2/ 0.6807 n.a. n.a. 3.6942302 86.841963 -22.16663 2024-Oct-31 18:00 A 04 29 13.62 +23 11 41.4 58.829057 1.833112 n.a. n.a. 1.001325662701 -0.3564383 0.01009087825281 -0.1888080 149.2020 /L 30.5025 140.3/ 0.6695 n.a. n.a. 3.5845285 86.457121 -23.35187 2024-Oct-31 18:10 04 29 16.18 +23 11 43.8 60.519274 3.385245 n.a. n.a. 1.001324233200 -0.3563952 0.01009011156432 -0.1934366 149.1992 /L 30.5053 140.4/ 0.6582 n.a. n.a. 3.4729458 86.077149 -24.54033 2024-Oct-31 18:20 04 29 18.65 +23 11 46.3 62.188146 4.963553 n.a. n.a. 1.001322803873 -0.3563521 0.01008932741528 -0.1975139 149.1968 /L 30.5077 140.5/ 0.6470 n.a. n.a. 3.3596691 85.702690 -25.73227 2024-Oct-31 18:30 04 29 21.03 +23 11 49.0 63.837753 6.566395 n.a. n.a. 1.001321374718 -0.3563090 0.01008852803255 -0.2010322 149.1946 /L 30.5099 140.5/ 0.6356 n.a. n.a. 3.2448889 85.334529 -26.92798 2024-Oct-31 18:40 04 29 23.34 +23 11 51.8 65.470247 8.192190 n.a. n.a. 1.001319945737 -0.3562659 0.01008771567266 -0.2039844 149.1927 /L 30.5118 140.6/ 0.6243 n.a. n.a. 3.1287981 84.973614 -28.12777 2024-Oct-31 18:50 04 29 25.55 +23 11 54.6 67.087859 9.839406 n.a. n.a. 1.001318516928 -0.3562228 0.01008689261767 -0.2063648 149.1912 /L 30.5133 140.7/ 0.6129 n.a. n.a. 3.0115925 84.621090 -29.33203 2024-Oct-31 19:00 04 29 27.69 +23 11 57.6 68.692898 11.506561 n.a. n.a. 1.001317088292 -0.3561797 0.01008606117083 -0.2081686 149.1900 /L 30.5145 140.8/ 0.6015 n.a. n.a. 2.8934698 84.278338 -30.54118 2024-Oct-31 19:10 04 29 29.73 +23 12 00.5 70.287758 13.192214 n.a. n.a. 1.001315659829 -0.3561366 0.01008522365217 -0.2093922 149.1891 /L 30.5154 140.9/ 0.5901 n.a. n.a. 2.7746296 83.947022 -31.75570 2024-Oct-31 19:20 04 29 31.69 +23 12 03.5 71.874929 14.894965 n.a. n.a. 1.001314231538 -0.3560935 0.01008438239423 -0.2100330 149.1886 /L 30.5160 141.0/ 0.5786 n.a. n.a. 2.6552732 83.629148 -32.97618 2024-Oct-31 19:30 04 29 33.56 +23 12 06.6 73.457007 16.613441 n.a. n.a. 1.001312803421 -0.3560504 0.01008353973752 -0.2100895 149.1884 /L 30.5162 141.1/ 0.5672 n.a. n.a. 2.5356031 83.327140 -34.20324 2024-Oct-31 19:40 04 29 35.34 +23 12 09.6 75.036706 18.346299 n.a. n.a. 1.001311375476 -0.3560073 0.01008269802614 -0.2095616 149.1885 /L 30.5161 141.2/ 0.5558 n.a. n.a. 2.4158230 83.043931 -35.43764 2024-Oct-31 19:50 04 29 37.03 +23 12 12.5 76.616877 20.092213 n.a. n.a. 1.001309947705 -0.3559642 0.01008185960329 -0.2084498 149.1889 /L 30.5157 141.2/ 0.5444 n.a. n.a. 2.2961377 82.783082 -36.68024 2024-Oct-31 20:00 04 29 38.64 +23 12 15.4 78.200529 21.849868 n.a. n.a. 1.001308520106 -0.3559211 0.01008102680685 -0.2067562 149.1897 /L 30.5150 141.3/ 0.5330 n.a. n.a. 2.1767528 82.548937 -37.93201 2024-Oct-31 20:10 04 29 40.16 +23 12 18.3 79.790848 23.617956 n.a. n.a. 1.001307092680 -0.3558780 0.01008020196488 -0.2044837 149.1908 /L 30.5139 141.4/ 0.5217 n.a. n.a. 2.0578747 82.346816 -39.19409 2024-Oct-31 20:20 04 29 41.60 +23 12 21.0 81.391232 25.395160 n.a. n.a. 1.001305665427 -0.3558349 0.01007938739116 -0.2016363 149.1922 /L 30.5125 141.5/ 0.5104 n.a. n.a. 1.9397114 82.183273 -40.46778 2024-Oct-31 20:30 04 29 42.95 +23 12 23.6 83.005317 27.180152 n.a. n.a. 1.001304238346 -0.3557918 0.01007858538080 -0.1982195 149.1940 /L 30.5108 141.6/ 0.4991 n.a. n.a. 1.8224722 82.066430 -41.75456 2024-Oct-31 20:40 04 29 44.22 +23 12 26.1 84.637018 28.971577 n.a. n.a. 1.001302811439 -0.3557487 0.01007779820584 -0.1942393 149.1961 /L 30.5087 141.7/ 0.4879 n.a. n.a. 1.7063687 82.006430 -43.05615 2024-Oct-31 20:50 04 29 45.40 +23 12 28.4 86.290574 30.768044 n.a. n.a. 1.001301384704 -0.3557056 0.01007702811090 -0.1897032 149.1985 /L 30.5063 141.8/ 0.4768 n.a. n.a. 1.5916164 82.016039 -44.37446 2024-Oct-31 21:00 04 29 46.51 +23 12 30.6 87.970596 32.568109 n.a. n.a. 1.001299958143 -0.3556626 0.01007627730881 -0.1846197 149.2012 /L 30.5036 141.9/ 0.4657 n.a. n.a. 1.4784358 82.111478 -45.71165 2024-Oct-31 21:10 04 29 47.53 +23 12 32.6 89.682130 34.370262 n.a. n.a. 1.001298531754 -0.3556195 0.01007554797645 -0.1789983 149.2043 /L 30.5006 142.0/ 0.4548 n.a. n.a. 1.3670556 82.313567 -47.07012 2024-Oct-31 21:20 04 29 48.47 +23 12 34.3 91.430725 36.172908 n.a. n.a. 1.001297105538 -0.3555764 0.01007484225043 -0.1728494 149.2076 /L 30.4973 142.1/ 0.4439 n.a. n.a. 1.2577170 82.649338 -48.45237 2024-Oct-31 21:30 04 29 49.34 +23 12 35.8 93.222510 37.974345 n.a. n.a. 1.001295679495 -0.3555333 0.01007416222309 -0.1661848 149.2113 /L 30.4937 142.2/ 0.4331 n.a. n.a. 1.1506795 83.154329 -49.86095 2024-Oct-31 21:40 04 29 50.13 +23 12 37.1 95.064294 39.772741 n.a. n.a. 1.001294253624 -0.3554902 0.01007350993836 -0.1590168 149.2153 /L 30.4898 142.3/ 0.4224 n.a. n.a. 1.0462309 83.875913 -51.29805 2024-Oct-31 21:50 04 29 50.85 +23 12 38.1 96.963667 41.566102 n.a. n.a. 1.001292827927 -0.3554471 0.01007288738789 -0.1513591 149.2195 /L 30.4856 142.4/ 0.4118 n.a. n.a. 0.9447020 84.878174 -52.76488 2024-Oct-31 22:00 04 29 51.49 +23 12 38.8 98.929128 43.352239 n.a. n.a. 1.001291402403 -0.3554040 0.01007229650712 -0.1432261 149.2240 /L 30.4811 142.5/ 0.4014 n.a. n.a. 0.8464896 86.249134 -54.26039 2024-Oct-31 22:10 04 29 52.07 +23 12 39.3 100.970225 45.128725 n.a. n.a. 1.001289977051 -0.3553609 0.01007173917157 -0.1346332 149.2288 /L 30.4764 142.6/ 0.3910 n.a. n.a. 0.7520936 88.111500 -55.77878 2024-Oct-31 22:20 04 29 52.58 +23 12 39.4 103.097720 46.892847 n.a. n.a. 1.001288551872 -0.3553178 0.01007121719318 -0.1255968 149.2339 /L 30.4714 142.7/ 0.3808 n.a. n.a. 0.6621767 90.638387 -57.30461 2024-Oct-31 22:30 04 29 53.03 +23 12 39.1 105.323766 48.641547 n.a. n.a. 1.001287126866 -0.3552747 0.01007073231675 -0.1161340 149.2392 /L 30.4661 142.9/ 0.3707 n.a. n.a. 0.5776614 94.075139 -58.80320 2024-Oct-31 22:40 04 29 53.42 +23 12 38.6 107.662107 50.371347 n.a. n.a. 1.001285702033 -0.3552316 0.01007028621663 -0.1062627 149.2448 /L 30.4606 143.0/ 0.3608 n.a. n.a. 0.4998844 98.764771 -60.20176 2024-Oct-31 22:50 04 29 53.75 +23 12 37.6 110.128289 52.078270 n.a. n.a. 1.001284277373 -0.3551885 0.01006988049337 -0.0960019 149.2506 /L 30.4548 143.1/ 0.3510 n.a. n.a. 0.4308264 105.16048 -61.35311 2024-Oct-31 23:00 04 29 54.03 +23 12 36.3 112.739870 53.757733 n.a. n.a. 1.001282852886 -0.3551454 0.01006951667065 -0.0853709 149.2567 /L 30.4488 143.2/ 0.3414 n.a. n.a. 0.3733757 113.76760 -61.97064 2024-Oct-31 23:10 04 29 54.25 +23 12 34.6 115.516608 55.404431 n.a. n.a. 1.001281428572 -0.3551023 0.01006919619230 -0.0743901 149.2630 /L 30.4426 143.3/ 0.3320 n.a. n.a. 0.3313708 124.88633 -61.53354 2024-Oct-31 23:20 04 29 54.42 +23 12 32.6 118.480603 57.012196 n.a. n.a. 1.001280004431 -0.3550592 0.01006892041943 -0.0630805 149.2694 /L 30.4362 143.4/ 0.3227 n.a. n.a. 0.3087693 138.07664 -59.21449 2024-Oct-31 23:30 04 29 54.55 +23 12 30.1 121.656308 58.573838 n.a. n.a. 1.001278580463 -0.3550161 0.01006869062782 -0.0514636 149.2761 /L 30.4296 143.5/ 0.3135 n.a. n.a. 0.3075102 151.80796 -53.97304 2024-Oct-31 23:40 04 29 54.64 +23 12 27.1 125.070357 60.080971 n.a. n.a. 1.001277156667 -0.3549730 0.01006850800542 -0.0395617 149.2829 /L 30.4229 143.6/ 0.3046 n.a. n.a. 0.3256871 164.16538 -44.94425 2024-Oct-31 23:50 04 29 54.68 +23 12 23.8 128.751047 61.523829 n.a. n.a. 1.001275733045 -0.3549299 0.01006837365000 -0.0273975 149.2900 /L 30.4159 143.7/ 0.2958 n.a. n.a. 0.3584834 174.04656 -32.12736 2024-Nov-01 00:00 04 29 54.69 +23 12 20.0 132.727311 62.891101 n.a. n.a. 1.001274309595 -0.3548868 0.01006828856696 -0.0149942 149.2971 /L 30.4088 143.8/ 0.2872 n.a. n.a. 0.4007279 181.38413 -17.09061 $$EOE *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** Column meaning: TIME Times PRIOR to 1962 are UT1, a mean-solar time closely related to the prior but now-deprecated GMT. Times AFTER 1962 are in UTC, the current civil or "wall-clock" time-scale. UTC is kept within 0.9 seconds of UT1 using integer leap-seconds for 1972 and later years. Conversion from the internal Barycentric Dynamical Time (TDB) of solar system dynamics to the non-uniform civil UT time-scale requested for output has not been determined for UTC times after the next July or January 1st. Therefore, the last known leap-second is used as a constant over future intervals. Time tags refer to the UT time-scale conversion from TDB on Earth regardless of observer location within the solar system, although clock rates may differ due to the local gravity field and no analog to "UT" may be defined for that location. Any 'b' symbol in the 1st-column denotes a B.C. date. First-column blank (" ") denotes an A.D. date. CALENDAR SYSTEM Mixed calendar mode was active such that calendar dates after AD 1582-Oct-15 (if any) are in the modern Gregorian system. Dates prior to 1582-Oct-5 (if any) are in the Julian calendar system, which is automatically extended for dates prior to its adoption on 45-Jan-1 BC. The Julian calendar is useful for matching historical dates. The Gregorian calendar more accurately corresponds to the Earth's orbital motion and seasons. A "Gregorian-only" calendar mode is available if such physical events are the primary interest. NOTE: "n.a." in output means quantity "not available" at the print-time. SOLAR PRESENCE (OBSERVING SITE) Time tag is followed by a blank, then a solar-presence condition code: '*' Daylight (refracted solar upper-limb on or above apparent horizon) 'C' Civil twilight/dawn 'N' Nautical twilight/dawn 'A' Astronomical twilight/dawn ' ' Night OR geocentric ephemeris LUNAR PRESENCE WITH TARGET RISE/TRANSIT/SET EVENT MARKER (OBSERVING SITE) The solar-presence code column is immediately followed by another marker: 'm' Refracted upper-limb of Moon on or above apparent horizon ' ' Refracted upper-limb of Moon below apparent horizon OR geocentric The lunar presence marker (an ongoing state) can be over-ridden by a target event marker if an event has occurred since the last output step: 'r' Rise (target body on or went above cut-off RTS elevation) 'e' Elevation max (target body maximum elevation angle has occurred) 't' Transit (target body at or passed through observer meridian) 's' Set (target body on or went below cut-off RTS elevation) RTS MARKERS (TVH) Rise and set are with respect to the reference ellipsoid true visual horizon defined by the elevation cut-off angle. Horizon dip and yellow-light refraction (Earth only) are considered. Accuracy is < or = to twice the requested search step-size. 'R.A._____(ICRF)_____DEC' = Astrometric right ascension and declination of the target center with respect to the observing site (coordinate origin) in the reference frame of the planetary ephemeris (ICRF). Compensated for down-leg light-time delay aberration. Units: RA in hours-minutes-seconds of time, HH MM SS.ff{ffff} DEC in degrees-minutes-seconds of arc, sDD MN SC.f{ffff} 'Azi____(a-app)___Elev' = Airless apparent azimuth and elevation of target center. Compensated for light-time, the gravitational deflection of light, stellar aberration, precession and nutation. Azimuth is measured clockwise from north: North(0) -> East(90) -> South(180) -> West(270) -> North (360) Elevation angle is with respect to a plane perpendicular to the reference surface local zenith direction. TOPOCENTRIC ONLY. Units: DEGREES 'APmag S-brt' = The targets' approximate apparent visual magnitude and surface brightness. For planets and natural satellites, output is restricted to solar phase angles covered by observational data. Outside the observed phase angle range, "n.a." may be output to avoid extrapolation beyond the limit of model validity. For Earth-based observers, the estimated dimming due to atmospheric absorption (extinction) is available as a separate, requestable quantity. Surface brightness is the average airless visual magnitude of a square-arcsecond of the illuminated portion of the apparent disk. It is computed only if the target radius is known. Units: MAGNITUDES & MAGNITUDES PER SQUARE ARCSECOND 'r rdot' = The Sun's apparent range ("r", light-time aberrated) and range-rate ("rdot") relative to the target center, as seen by the observer. A positive "rdot" means the target center was moving away from the Sun, negative means moving toward the Sun. Units: AU and KM/S 'delta deldot' = Apparent range ("delta", light-time aberrated) and range-rate ("delta-dot") of the target center relative to the observer. A positive "deldot" means the target center is moving away from the observer, negative indicates movement toward the observer. Units: AU and KM/S 'S-O-T /r' = Sun-Observer-Target apparent SOLAR ELONGATION ANGLE seen from the observers' location at print-time. The '/r' column provides a code indicating the targets' apparent position relative to the Sun in the observers' sky, as described below: Case A: For an observing location on the surface of a rotating body, that body rotational sense is considered: /T indicates target TRAILS Sun (evening sky: rises and sets AFTER Sun) /L indicates target LEADS Sun (morning sky: rises and sets BEFORE Sun) Case B: For an observing point that does not have a rotational model (such as a spacecraft), the "leading" and "trailing" condition is defined by the observers' heliocentric ORBITAL motion: * If continuing in the observers' current direction of heliocentric motion would encounter the targets' apparent longitude first, followed by the Sun's, the target LEADS the Sun as seen by the observer. * If the Sun's apparent longitude would be encountered first, followed by the targets', the target TRAILS the Sun. Two other codes can be output: /* indicates observer is Sun-centered (undefined) /? Target is aligned with Sun center (no lead or trail) The S-O-T solar elongation angle is numerically the minimum separation angle of the Sun and target in the sky in any direction. It does NOT indicate the amount of separation in the leading or trailing directions, which would be defined along the equator of a spherical coordinate system. Units: DEGREES 'S-T-O' = The Sun-Target-Observer angle; the interior vertex angle at target center formed by a vector from the target to the apparent center of the Sun (at reflection time on the target) and the apparent vector from target to the observer at print-time. Slightly different from true PHASE ANGLE (requestable separately) at the few arcsecond level in that it includes stellar aberration on the down-leg from target to observer. Units: DEGREES 'T-O-M/MN_Illu%' = Target-Observer-Moon LUNAR ELONGATION angle and illuminated percentage. The apparent lunar elongation angle between target body center and Moon center, seen from the observing site, along with fraction of the lunar disk illuminated by the Sun. A negative lunar elongation angle indicates the target center is behind the Moon. Units: DEGREES & PERCENT 'RA_3sigma DEC_3sigma' = Uncertainty in Right-Ascension and Declination. Output values are the formal +/- 3 standard-deviations (sigmas) around nominal position. Units: ARCSECONDS 'Sky_motion Sky_mot_PA RelVel-ANG' = Total apparent angular rate of the target in the plane-of-sky. "Sky_mot_PA" is the position angle of the target's direction of motion in the plane-of-sky, measured counter-clockwise from the apparent of-date north pole direction. "RelVel-ANG" is the flight path angle of the target's relative motion with respect to the observer's line-of-sight, in the range [-90,+90], where positive values indicate motion away from the observer, negative values are toward the observer: -90 = target is moving directly toward the observer 0 = target is moving at right angles to the observer's line-of-sight +90 = target is moving directly away from the observer UNITS: ARCSECONDS/MINUTE, DEGREES, DEGREES Computations by ... Solar System Dynamics Group, Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Pasadena, CA 91109 USA General site: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ Mailing list: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/email_list.html System news : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/news.html User Guide : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/manual.html Connect : browser https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/app.html#/x API https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/doc/horizons.html command-line telnet ssd.jpl.nasa.gov 6775 e-mail/batch https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/horizons_batch.txt scripts https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/SCRIPTS Author : Jon.D.Giorgini@jpl.nasa.gov ***************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************