API VERSION: 1.2 API SOURCE: NASA/JPL Horizons API ******************************************************************************* Revised: May 13, 2025 MMS-4 Spacecraft / (Earth) -140485 https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/mms/index.html MMS 4 Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission: the fourth of four identically instrumented space physics spacecraft studying the Earth's magnetosphere. Octagonal in shape; 2.5-m wide, 1.2-m high, spinning at 3 rpm during science operations. Eight deployable booms: four 60-meter wire booms, two 12.5 meter booms, two 5-m booms. Mass: 1250 kg; 318 W power generation; S-band communications. NOTE: The spacecraft may be maneuvered frequently. Therefore, the JSpOC TLE-based trajectory provided here may at times depart from the actual trajectory. This can happen because TLEs do not model thruster firings; the TLE trajectory solutions must be reinitialized after each event. Launched: 2015-Mar-13 02:44 UTC (Atlas V, Cape Canaveral, USA) ******************************************************************************* ******************************************************************************* Ephemeris / API_USER Tue May 13 08:44:34 2025 Pasadena, USA / Horizons ******************************************************************************* Target body name: MMS-4 (spacecraft) (-140485) {source: MMS-4} Center body name: Earth (399) {source: DE441} Center-site name: El Berrueco ******************************************************************************* Start time : A.D. 2024-Oct-31 00:00:00.0000 UT Stop time : A.D. 2024-Nov-01 00:00:00.0000 UT Step-size : 10 minutes ******************************************************************************* Target pole/equ : undefined Target radii : undefined Center geodetic : 356.4134, 40.8833094, 1.06361 {E-lon(deg),Lat(deg),Alt(km)} Center cylindric: 356.4134,4829.88693,4153.33056 {E-lon(deg),Dxy(km),Dz(km)} Center pole/equ : ITRF93 {East-longitude positive} Center radii : 6378.137, 6378.137, 6356.752 km {Equator_a, b, pole_c} Target primary : Earth Vis. interferer : MOON (R_eq= 1737.400) km {source: DE441} Rel. light bend : Sun {source: DE441} Rel. lght bnd GM: 1.3271E+11 km^3/s^2 Atmos refraction: NO (AIRLESS) RA format : HMS Time format : CAL Calendar mode : Mixed Julian/Gregorian RTS-only print : NO EOP file : eop.250512.p250808 EOP coverage : DATA-BASED 1962-JAN-20 TO 2025-MAY-12. PREDICTS-> 2025-AUG-07 Units conversion: 1 au= 149597870.700 km, c= 299792.458 km/s, 1 day= 86400.0 s Table cut-offs 1: Elevation ( 0.0deg=YES),Airmass (>38.000=NO), Daylight (YES) Table cut-offs 2: Solar elongation ( 12.0,180.0=YES),Local Hour Angle( 0.0=NO ) Table cut-offs 3: RA/DEC angular rate ( 0.0=NO ) *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** Date__(UT)__HR:MN R.A._____(ICRF)_____DEC Azi____(a-app)___Elev APmag S-brt r rdot delta deldot S-O-T /r S-T-O T-O-M/MN_Illu% RA_3sigma DEC_3sigma Sky_motion Sky_mot_PA RelVel-ANG *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** $$SOE 2024-Oct-31 00:00 00 31 04.04 +06 51 24.2 224.200011 47.868661 n.a. n.a. 0.993215449409 -2.3175232 0.00039866013608 -2.4517282 151.9624 /T 28.0264 168.4/ 2.0496 n.a. n.a. 215.49312 21.411012 -67.04396 2024-Oct-31 00:10 00 31 58.76 +07 25 38.4 227.462666 47.110707 n.a. n.a. 0.993206054225 -2.3704529 0.00038876122921 -2.4860648 152.3363 /T 27.6529 168.6/ 2.0248 n.a. n.a. 226.05968 21.813833 -66.86194 2024-Oct-31 00:20 00 32 57.33 +08 01 29.2 230.635977 46.306886 n.a. n.a. 0.993196440949 -2.4263206 0.00037871986733 -2.5228307 152.7243 /T 27.2654 168.9/ 2.0002 n.a. n.a. 237.59856 22.229299 -66.67639 2024-Oct-31 00:30 00 34 00.16 +08 39 05.2 233.722311 45.465747 n.a. n.a. 0.993186597243 -2.4854096 0.00036852592048 -2.5622239 153.1268 /T 26.8632 169.2/ 1.9759 n.a. n.a. 250.24493 22.655065 -66.48668 2024-Oct-31 00:40 00 35 07.72 +09 18 36.4 236.725438 44.596037 n.a. n.a. 0.993176509555 -2.5480427 0.00035816842337 -2.6044638 153.5446 /T 26.4459 169.4/ 1.9518 n.a. n.a. 264.15950 23.088808 -66.29208 2024-Oct-31 00:50 00 36 20.53 +10 00 14.4 239.650314 43.706721 n.a. n.a. 0.993166162947 -2.6145895 0.00034763548392 -2.6497941 153.9779 /T 26.0129 169.6/ 1.9279 n.a. n.a. 279.53481 23.528251 -66.09168 2024-Oct-31 01:00 00 37 39.23 +10 44 12.3 242.502898 42.807048 n.a. n.a. 0.993155540892 -2.6854757 0.00033691417639 -2.6984876 154.4271 /T 25.5642 169.9/ 1.9044 n.a. n.a. 296.60331 23.971180 -65.88438 2024-Oct-31 01:10 00 39 04.53 +11 30 45.7 245.290012 41.906643 n.a. n.a. 0.993144625023 -2.7611938 0.00032599041583 -2.7508507 154.8920 /T 25.0997 170.1/ 1.8811 n.a. n.a. 315.64811 24.415477 -65.66884 2024-Oct-31 01:20 00 40 37.27 +12 20 12.7 248.019255 41.015649 n.a. n.a. 0.993133394844 -2.8423172 0.00031484881007 -2.8072303 155.3721 /T 24.6200 170.2/ 1.8580 n.a. n.a. 337.01744 24.859151 -65.44342 2024-Oct-31 01:30 00 42 18.45 +13 12 54.8 250.698971 40.144909 n.a. n.a. 0.993121827366 -2.9295177 0.00030347248464 -2.8680205 155.8663 /T 24.1262 170.3/ 1.8353 n.a. n.a. 361.14406 25.300386 -65.20612 2024-Oct-31 01:40 00 44 09.27 +14 09 17.8 253.338287 39.306219 n.a. n.a. 0.993109896677 -3.0235876 0.00029184287520 -2.9336720 156.3724 /T 23.6205 170.3/ 1.8128 n.a. n.a. 388.57221 25.737598 -64.95445 2024-Oct-31 01:50 00 46 11.18 +15 09 52.5 255.947234 38.512652 n.a. n.a. 0.993097573397 -3.1254683 0.00027993948083 -3.0047024 156.8868 /T 23.1065 170.3/ 1.7907 n.a. n.a. 419.99523 26.169526 -64.68532 2024-Oct-31 02:00 00 48 25.96 +16 15 16.6 258.536973 37.778998 n.a. n.a. 0.993084824014 -3.2362865 0.00026773957097 -3.0817088 157.4039 /T 22.5898 170.1/ 1.7688 n.a. n.a. 456.30935 26.595357 -64.39480 2024-Oct-31 02:10 00 50 55.85 +17 26 16.6 261.120166 37.122355 n.a. n.a. 0.993071610047 -3.3574026 0.00025521783821 -3.1653826 157.9148 /T 22.0793 169.8/ 1.7473 n.a. n.a. 498.69204 27.014906 -64.07785 2024-Oct-31 02:20 00 53 43.69 +18 43 50.5 263.711561 36.562942 n.a. n.a. 0.993057886993 -3.4904733 0.00024234599003 -3.2565246 158.4058 /T 21.5887 169.3/ 1.7261 n.a. n.a. 548.71913 27.428916 -63.72789 2024-Oct-31 02:30 00 56 53.16 +20 09 11.9 266.328909 36.125241 n.a. n.a. 0.993043602976 -3.6375347 0.00022909227703 -3.3560614 158.8561 /T 21.1388 168.6/ 1.7052 n.a. n.a. 608.54424 27.839513 -63.33619 2024-Oct-31 02:40 01 00 29.19 +21 43 56.1 268.994417 35.839651 n.a. n.a. 0.993028697014 -3.8011147 0.00021542096678 -3.4650554 159.2342 /T 20.7611 167.6/ 1.6846 n.a. n.a. 681.18266 28.250989 -62.89086 2024-Oct-31 02:50 01 04 38.48 +23 30 08.7 271.737123 35.744922 n.a. n.a. 0.993013096762 -3.9843818 0.00020129180139 -3.5846997 159.4922 /T 20.5034 166.4/ 1.6644 n.a. n.a. 770.97609 28.671142 -62.37526 2024-Oct-31 03:00 01 09 30.55 +25 30 39.4 274.596934 35.891901 n.a. n.a. 0.992996715562 -4.1913461 0.00018665954628 -3.7162721 159.5586 /T 20.4374 164.8/ 1.6445 n.a. n.a. 884.38520 29.113723 -61.76541 2024-Oct-31 03:10 01 15 19.48 +27 49 23.9 277.631854 36.349438 n.a. n.a. 0.992979448565 -4.4271243 0.00017147390052 -3.8609859 159.3263 /T 20.6700 162.7/ 1.6249 n.a. n.a. 1031.4066 29.603146 -61.02535 2024-Oct-31 03:20 01 22 27.13 +30 32 01.1 280.931770 37.214110 n.a. n.a. 0.992961167639 -4.6982748 0.00015568043561 -4.0195886 158.6375 /T 21.3590 160.2/ 1.6056 n.a. n.a. 1228.2506 30.184176 -60.09874 2024-Oct-31 03:30 01 31 30.01 +33 46 57.4 284.646953 38.626839 n.a. n.a. 0.992941714848 -5.0131733 0.00013922423189 -4.1913188 157.2605 /T 22.7363 156.9/ 1.5867 n.a. n.a. 1502.7472 30.943594 -58.89230 2024-Oct-31 03:40 01 43 34.80 +37 47 24.0 289.053331 40.802244 n.a. n.a. 0.992920894561 -5.3822711 0.00012206057231 -4.3711452 154.8500 /T 25.1470 152.7/ 1.5682 n.a. n.a. 1906.1350 32.064068 -57.24127 2024-Oct-31 03:50 02 01 00.11 +42 54 56.4 294.723733 44.080266 n.a. n.a. 0.992898465597 -5.8176643 0.00010418487246 -4.5420433 150.8623 /T 29.1347 147.0/ 1.5500 n.a. n.a. 2541.1626 33.978576 -54.83040 2024-Oct-31 04:00 02 29 34.74 +49 45 34.5 303.067354 48.998624 n.a. n.a. 0.992874139223 -6.3300948 0.00008571908322 -4.6514457 144.3404 /L 35.6567 138.9/ 1.5321 n.a. n.a. 3635.3762 37.911100 -50.99700 2024-Oct-31 04:10 03 29 01.97 +59 06 18.6 318.483062 56.163101 n.a. n.a. 0.992847602931 -6.9175218 0.00006718104819 -4.5317594 133.3445 /L 46.6526 126.6/ 1.5146 n.a. n.a. 5737.9830 48.408393 -44.20063 2024-Oct-31 04:20 06 28 04.50 +67 55 33.0 356.947398 62.901508 n.a. n.a. 0.992818631508 -7.5288994 0.00005038933391 -3.6274975 113.5965 /L 66.4006 105.6/ 1.4974 n.a. n.a. 10024.062 86.854547 -30.71334 2024-Oct-31 04:30 t 10 53 57.89 +50 09 19.5 56.449790 48.131298 n.a. n.a. 0.992787442269 -7.9740526 0.00004093170013 -0.6544184 78.7829 /L 101.2144 69.6/ 1.4805 n.a. n.a. 15587.318 142.92410 -4.849984 2024-Oct-31 04:40 12 36 37.81 +13 31 28.3 84.190162 13.903407 n.a. n.a. 0.992755476477 -7.8312225 0.00004679869156 3.3764293 38.0573 /L 141.9403 27.5/ 1.4640 n.a. n.a. 13278.349 153.62363 24.201497 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< 2024-Oct-31 17:20 C 22 10 57.92 -40 28 18.5 153.224397 2.357625 n.a. n.a. 0.992774295436 0.4874784 0.00078553228854 1.2794737 99.8216 /T 80.1340 106.6/ 0.7200 n.a. n.a. 54.347604 23.523508 68.034094 2024-Oct-31 17:30 C 22 11 16.28 -40 20 01.0 154.836880 3.286994 n.a. n.a. 0.992776234773 0.4841957 0.00079064797521 1.2733881 99.9326 /T 80.0227 106.7/ 0.7096 n.a. n.a. 54.008841 22.295622 67.934405 2024-Oct-31 17:40 N 22 11 33.58 -40 11 42.0 156.483548 4.172491 n.a. n.a. 0.992778160945 0.4808986 0.00079574036517 1.2678334 100.0411 /T 79.9139 106.7/ 0.6991 n.a. n.a. 53.743041 21.123738 67.817295 2024-Oct-31 17:50 N 22 11 49.91 -40 03 21.3 158.163739 5.012214 n.a. n.a. 0.992780073895 0.4775886 0.00080081154714 1.2627895 100.1472 /T 79.8075 106.8/ 0.6886 n.a. n.a. 53.544244 20.012944 67.684102 2024-Oct-31 18:00 N 22 12 05.33 -39 54 58.6 159.876629 5.804288 n.a. n.a. 0.992781973576 0.4742668 0.00080586352765 1.2582355 100.2511 /T 79.7033 106.8/ 0.6779 n.a. n.a. 53.406535 18.967562 67.536257 2024-Oct-31 18:10 N 22 12 19.91 -39 46 33.9 161.621234 6.546874 n.a. n.a. 0.992783859943 0.4709345 0.00081089822862 1.2541500 100.3531 /T 79.6011 106.9/ 0.6672 n.a. n.a. 53.324100 17.991138 67.375250 2024-Oct-31 18:20 A 22 12 33.73 -39 38 07.0 163.396391 7.238181 n.a. n.a. 0.992785732956 0.4675928 0.00081591748491 1.2505111 100.4533 /T 79.5006 106.9/ 0.6564 n.a. n.a. 53.291285 17.086455 67.202595 2024-Oct-31 18:30 A 22 12 46.85 -39 29 37.8 165.200763 7.876482 n.a. n.a. 0.992787592581 0.4642429 0.00082092304217 1.2472963 100.5520 /T 79.4016 107.0/ 0.6455 n.a. n.a. 53.302638 16.255567 67.019805 2024-Oct-31 18:40 A 22 12 59.35 -39 21 06.2 167.032831 8.460125 n.a. n.a. 0.992789438788 0.4608858 0.00082591655470 1.2444825 100.6493 /T 79.3041 107.0/ 0.6345 n.a. n.a. 53.352951 15.499845 66.828357 2024-Oct-31 18:50 22 13 11.28 -39 12 32.1 168.890894 8.987545 n.a. n.a. 0.992791271548 0.4575225 0.00083089958346 1.2420462 100.7454 /T 79.2077 107.0/ 0.6235 n.a. n.a. 53.437289 14.820035 66.629673 2024-Oct-31 19:00 22 13 22.71 -39 03 55.5 170.773079 9.457283 n.a. n.a. 0.992793090841 0.4541539 0.00083587359424 1.2399635 100.8405 /T 79.1123 107.1/ 0.6125 n.a. n.a. 53.551017 14.216322 66.425099 2024-Oct-31 19:10 22 13 33.71 -38 55 16.4 172.677339 9.867990 n.a. n.a. 0.992794896646 0.4507809 0.00084083995603 1.2382101 100.9348 /T 79.0178 107.1/ 0.6014 n.a. n.a. 53.689811 13.688395 66.215887 2024-Oct-31 19:20 22 13 44.33 -38 46 34.7 174.601471 10.218452 n.a. n.a. 0.992796688948 0.4474045 0.00084579993945 1.2367613 101.0284 /T 78.9239 107.1/ 0.5902 n.a. n.a. 53.849674 13.235516 66.003185 2024-Oct-31 19:30 22 13 54.64 -38 37 50.4 176.543126 10.507590 n.a. n.a. 0.992798467736 0.4440255 0.00085075471548 1.2355920 101.1215 /T 78.8305 107.2/ 0.5791 n.a. n.a. 54.026937 12.856583 65.788025 2024-Oct-31 19:40 22 14 04.70 -38 29 03.6 178.499830 10.734479 n.a. n.a. 0.992800233001 0.4406445 0.00085570535426 1.2346770 101.2143 /T 78.7375 107.2/ 0.5679 n.a. n.a. 54.218259 12.550188 65.571322 2024-Oct-31 19:50 t 22 14 14.56 -38 20 14.3 180.468999 10.898356 n.a. n.a. 0.992801984736 0.4372624 0.00086065282407 1.2339909 101.3069 /T 78.6446 107.2/ 0.5567 n.a. n.a. 54.420621 12.314676 65.353863 2024-Oct-31 20:00 22 14 24.29 -38 11 22.6 182.447969 10.998623 n.a. n.a. 0.992803722939 0.4338799 0.00086559799071 1.2335079 101.3995 /T 78.5517 107.3/ 0.5455 n.a. n.a. 54.631320 12.148193 65.136317 2024-Oct-31 20:10 22 14 33.93 -38 02 28.5 184.434014 11.034861 n.a. n.a. 0.992805447610 0.4304977 0.00087054161670 1.2332023 101.4922 /T 78.4588 107.3/ 0.5343 n.a. n.a. 54.847951 12.048726 64.919228 2024-Oct-31 20:20 e 22 14 43.53 -37 53 32.1 186.424382 11.006828 n.a. n.a. 0.992807158752 0.4271163 0.00087548436113 1.2330483 101.5852 /T 78.3655 107.3/ 0.5231 n.a. n.a. 55.068403 12.014144 64.703024 2024-Oct-31 20:30 22 14 53.16 -37 44 33.5 188.416315 10.914464 n.a. n.a. 0.992808856368 0.4237363 0.00088042677924 1.2330200 101.6785 /T 78.2719 107.3/ 0.5119 n.a. n.a. 55.290835 12.042230 64.488019 2024-Oct-31 20:40 22 15 02.85 -37 35 32.8 190.407081 10.757886 n.a. n.a. 0.992810540466 0.4203584 0.00088536932267 1.2330915 101.7724 /T 78.1778 107.4/ 0.5008 n.a. n.a. 55.513665 12.130704 64.274420 2024-Oct-31 20:50 22 15 12.65 -37 26 30.2 192.394006 10.537394 n.a. n.a. 0.992812211056 0.4169830 0.00089031233949 1.2332371 101.8669 /T 78.0831 107.4/ 0.4897 n.a. n.a. 55.735549 12.277249 64.062335 2024-Oct-31 21:00 22 15 22.62 -37 17 25.8 194.374492 10.253458 n.a. n.a. 0.992813868149 0.4136107 0.00089525607477 1.2334311 101.9621 /T 77.9875 107.4/ 0.4786 n.a. n.a. 55.955366 12.479525 63.851778 2024-Oct-31 21:10 22 15 32.79 -37 08 19.8 196.346052 9.906714 n.a. n.a. 0.992815511758 0.4102418 0.00090020067117 1.2336483 102.0582 /T 77.8912 107.4/ 0.4676 n.a. n.a. 56.172200 12.735186 63.642680 2024-Oct-31 21:20 22 15 43.21 -36 59 12.2 198.306326 9.497960 n.a. n.a. 0.992817141899 0.4068768 0.00090514616976 1.2338632 102.1553 /T 77.7939 107.5/ 0.4567 n.a. n.a. 56.385318 13.041888 63.434894 2024-Oct-31 21:30 22 15 53.91 -36 50 03.3 200.253103 9.028137 n.a. n.a. 0.992818758586 0.4035161 0.00091009251106 1.2340511 102.2534 /T 77.6955 107.5/ 0.4458 n.a. n.a. 56.594158 13.397302 63.228202 2024-Oct-31 21:40 22 16 04.93 -36 40 53.3 202.184343 8.498327 n.a. n.a. 0.992820361840 0.4001599 0.00091503953631 1.2341873 102.3527 /T 77.5959 107.5/ 0.4350 n.a. n.a. 56.798308 13.799113 63.022329 2024-Oct-31 21:50 22 16 16.31 -36 31 42.3 204.098182 7.909734 n.a. n.a. 0.992821951677 0.3968087 0.00091998698887 1.2342476 102.4532 /T 77.4952 107.5/ 0.4243 n.a. n.a. 56.997488 14.245033 62.816943 2024-Oct-31 22:00 22 16 28.08 -36 22 30.6 205.992950 7.263673 n.a. n.a. 0.992823528120 0.3934627 0.00092493451584 1.2342083 102.5550 /T 77.3931 107.6/ 0.4136 n.a. n.a. 57.191537 14.732796 62.611667 2024-Oct-31 22:10 22 16 40.28 -36 13 18.2 207.867170 6.561582 n.a. n.a. 0.992825091650 0.3903486 0.00092988219891 1.2343063 102.6582 /T 77.2896 107.6/ 0.4031 n.a. n.a. 57.396723 15.265743 62.404341 2024-Oct-31 22:20 22 16 52.94 -36 04 05.3 209.719573 5.804977 n.a. n.a. 0.992826642686 0.3872117 0.00093482995269 1.2342248 102.7630 /T 77.1846 107.6/ 0.3927 n.a. n.a. 57.594427 15.834974 62.196567 2024-Oct-31 22:30 22 17 06.09 -35 54 52.1 211.549095 4.995418 n.a. n.a. 0.992828181110 0.3840398 0.00093977697970 1.2339272 102.8692 /T 77.0781 107.7/ 0.3824 n.a. n.a. 57.783890 16.438091 61.987950 2024-Oct-31 22:40 22 17 19.74 -35 45 39.0 213.354875 4.134518 n.a. n.a. 0.992829706763 0.3808242 0.00094472234879 1.2333823 102.9771 /T 76.9700 107.7/ 0.3722 n.a. n.a. 57.964722 17.072877 61.778033 2024-Oct-31 22:50 22 17 33.94 -35 36 26.1 215.136246 3.223932 n.a. n.a. 0.992831219460 0.3775601 0.00094966501286 1.2325638 103.0866 /T 76.8603 107.7/ 0.3622 n.a. n.a. 58.136845 17.737266 61.566311 2024-Oct-31 23:00 22 17 48.68 -35 27 13.7 216.892732 2.265346 n.a. n.a. 0.992832719003 0.3742465 0.00095460382821 1.2314498 103.1977 /T 76.7489 107.7/ 0.3523 n.a. n.a. 58.300490 18.429327 61.352240 2024-Oct-31 23:10 22 18 03.99 -35 18 02.0 218.624040 1.260469 n.a. n.a. 0.992834205197 0.3708860 0.00095953757456 1.2300239 103.3105 /T 76.6358 107.8/ 0.3425 n.a. n.a. 58.456173 19.147242 61.135239 2024-Oct-31 23:20 22 18 19.89 -35 08 51.3 220.330049 0.211019 n.a. n.a. 0.992835677865 0.3674847 0.00096446497409 1.2282739 103.4251 /T 76.5210 107.8/ 0.3329 n.a. n.a. 58.604658 19.889283 60.914708 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< $$EOE *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** Column meaning: TIME Times PRIOR to 1962 are UT1, a mean-solar time closely related to the prior but now-deprecated GMT. Times AFTER 1962 are in UTC, the current civil or "wall-clock" time-scale. UTC is kept within 0.9 seconds of UT1 using integer leap-seconds for 1972 and later years. Conversion from the internal Barycentric Dynamical Time (TDB) of solar system dynamics to the non-uniform civil UT time-scale requested for output has not been determined for UTC times after the next July or January 1st. Therefore, the last known leap-second is used as a constant over future intervals. Time tags refer to the UT time-scale conversion from TDB on Earth regardless of observer location within the solar system, although clock rates may differ due to the local gravity field and no analog to "UT" may be defined for that location. Any 'b' symbol in the 1st-column denotes a B.C. date. First-column blank (" ") denotes an A.D. date. CALENDAR SYSTEM Mixed calendar mode was active such that calendar dates after AD 1582-Oct-15 (if any) are in the modern Gregorian system. Dates prior to 1582-Oct-5 (if any) are in the Julian calendar system, which is automatically extended for dates prior to its adoption on 45-Jan-1 BC. The Julian calendar is useful for matching historical dates. The Gregorian calendar more accurately corresponds to the Earth's orbital motion and seasons. A "Gregorian-only" calendar mode is available if such physical events are the primary interest. NOTE: "n.a." in output means quantity "not available" at the print-time. SOLAR PRESENCE (OBSERVING SITE) Time tag is followed by a blank, then a solar-presence condition code: '*' Daylight (refracted solar upper-limb on or above apparent horizon) 'C' Civil twilight/dawn 'N' Nautical twilight/dawn 'A' Astronomical twilight/dawn ' ' Night OR geocentric ephemeris LUNAR PRESENCE WITH TARGET RISE/TRANSIT/SET EVENT MARKER (OBSERVING SITE) The solar-presence code column is immediately followed by another marker: 'm' Refracted upper-limb of Moon on or above apparent horizon ' ' Refracted upper-limb of Moon below apparent horizon OR geocentric The lunar presence marker (an ongoing state) can be over-ridden by a target event marker if an event has occurred since the last output step: 'r' Rise (target body on or went above cut-off RTS elevation) 'e' Elevation max (target body maximum elevation angle has occurred) 't' Transit (target body at or passed through observer meridian) 's' Set (target body on or went below cut-off RTS elevation) RTS MARKERS (TVH) Rise and set are with respect to the reference ellipsoid true visual horizon defined by the elevation cut-off angle. Horizon dip and yellow-light refraction (Earth only) are considered. Accuracy is < or = to twice the requested search step-size. 'R.A._____(ICRF)_____DEC' = Astrometric right ascension and declination of the target center with respect to the observing site (coordinate origin) in the reference frame of the planetary ephemeris (ICRF). Compensated for down-leg light-time delay aberration. Units: RA in hours-minutes-seconds of time, HH MM SS.ff{ffff} DEC in degrees-minutes-seconds of arc, sDD MN SC.f{ffff} 'Azi____(a-app)___Elev' = Airless apparent azimuth and elevation of target center. Compensated for light-time, the gravitational deflection of light, stellar aberration, precession and nutation. Azimuth is measured clockwise from north: North(0) -> East(90) -> South(180) -> West(270) -> North (360) Elevation angle is with respect to a plane perpendicular to the reference surface local zenith direction. TOPOCENTRIC ONLY. Units: DEGREES 'APmag S-brt' = The targets' approximate apparent visual magnitude and surface brightness. For planets and natural satellites, output is restricted to solar phase angles covered by observational data. Outside the observed phase angle range, "n.a." may be output to avoid extrapolation beyond the limit of model validity. For Earth-based observers, the estimated dimming due to atmospheric absorption (extinction) is available as a separate, requestable quantity. Surface brightness is the average airless visual magnitude of a square-arcsecond of the illuminated portion of the apparent disk. It is computed only if the target radius is known. Units: MAGNITUDES & MAGNITUDES PER SQUARE ARCSECOND 'r rdot' = The Sun's apparent range ("r", light-time aberrated) and range-rate ("rdot") relative to the target center, as seen by the observer. A positive "rdot" means the target center was moving away from the Sun, negative means moving toward the Sun. Units: AU and KM/S 'delta deldot' = Apparent range ("delta", light-time aberrated) and range-rate ("delta-dot") of the target center relative to the observer. A positive "deldot" means the target center is moving away from the observer, negative indicates movement toward the observer. Units: AU and KM/S 'S-O-T /r' = Sun-Observer-Target apparent SOLAR ELONGATION ANGLE seen from the observers' location at print-time. The '/r' column provides a code indicating the targets' apparent position relative to the Sun in the observers' sky, as described below: Case A: For an observing location on the surface of a rotating body, that body rotational sense is considered: /T indicates target TRAILS Sun (evening sky: rises and sets AFTER Sun) /L indicates target LEADS Sun (morning sky: rises and sets BEFORE Sun) Case B: For an observing point that does not have a rotational model (such as a spacecraft), the "leading" and "trailing" condition is defined by the observers' heliocentric ORBITAL motion: * If continuing in the observers' current direction of heliocentric motion would encounter the targets' apparent longitude first, followed by the Sun's, the target LEADS the Sun as seen by the observer. * If the Sun's apparent longitude would be encountered first, followed by the targets', the target TRAILS the Sun. Two other codes can be output: /* indicates observer is Sun-centered (undefined) /? Target is aligned with Sun center (no lead or trail) The S-O-T solar elongation angle is numerically the minimum separation angle of the Sun and target in the sky in any direction. It does NOT indicate the amount of separation in the leading or trailing directions, which would be defined along the equator of a spherical coordinate system. Units: DEGREES 'S-T-O' = The Sun-Target-Observer angle; the interior vertex angle at target center formed by a vector from the target to the apparent center of the Sun (at reflection time on the target) and the apparent vector from target to the observer at print-time. Slightly different from true PHASE ANGLE (requestable separately) at the few arcsecond level in that it includes stellar aberration on the down-leg from target to observer. Units: DEGREES 'T-O-M/MN_Illu%' = Target-Observer-Moon LUNAR ELONGATION angle and illuminated percentage. The apparent lunar elongation angle between target body center and Moon center, seen from the observing site, along with fraction of the lunar disk illuminated by the Sun. A negative lunar elongation angle indicates the target center is behind the Moon. Units: DEGREES & PERCENT 'RA_3sigma DEC_3sigma' = Uncertainty in Right-Ascension and Declination. Output values are the formal +/- 3 standard-deviations (sigmas) around nominal position. Units: ARCSECONDS 'Sky_motion Sky_mot_PA RelVel-ANG' = Total apparent angular rate of the target in the plane-of-sky. "Sky_mot_PA" is the position angle of the target's direction of motion in the plane-of-sky, measured counter-clockwise from the apparent of-date north pole direction. "RelVel-ANG" is the flight path angle of the target's relative motion with respect to the observer's line-of-sight, in the range [-90,+90], where positive values indicate motion away from the observer, negative values are toward the observer: -90 = target is moving directly toward the observer 0 = target is moving at right angles to the observer's line-of-sight +90 = target is moving directly away from the observer UNITS: ARCSECONDS/MINUTE, DEGREES, DEGREES Computations by ... Solar System Dynamics Group, Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Pasadena, CA 91109 USA General site: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ Mailing list: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/email_list.html System news : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/news.html User Guide : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/manual.html Connect : browser https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/app.html#/x API https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/doc/horizons.html command-line telnet ssd.jpl.nasa.gov 6775 e-mail/batch https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/horizons_batch.txt scripts https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/SCRIPTS Author : Jon.D.Giorgini@jpl.nasa.gov ***************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************