API VERSION: 1.2 API SOURCE: NASA/JPL Horizons API ******************************************************************************* Revised: Dec 10, 2024 MMS-4 Spacecraft / (Earth) -140485 https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/mms/index.html MMS 4 Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission: the fourth of four identically instrumented space physics spacecraft studying the Earth's magnetosphere. Octagonal in shape; 2.5-m wide, 1.2-m high, spinning at 3 rpm during science operations. Eight deployable booms: four 60-meter wire booms, two 12.5 meter booms, two 5-m booms. Mass: 1250 kg; 318 W power generation; S-band communications. NOTE: The spacecraft may be maneuvered frequently. Therefore, the JSpOC TLE-based trajectory provided here may at times depart from the actual trajectory. This can happen because TLEs do not model thruster firings; the TLE trajectory solutions must be reinitialized after each event. Launched: 2015-Mar-13 02:44 UTC (Atlas V, Cape Canaveral, USA) ******************************************************************************* ******************************************************************************* Ephemeris / API_USER Thu Dec 12 02:42:03 2024 Pasadena, USA / Horizons ******************************************************************************* Target body name: MMS-4 (spacecraft) (-140485) {source: MMS-4} Center body name: Earth (399) {source: DE441} Center-site name: SATINO Remote Observatory, Haute Provence ******************************************************************************* Start time : A.D. 2024-Nov-30 00:00:00.0000 UT Stop time : A.D. 2024-Dec-01 00:00:00.0000 UT Step-size : 10 minutes ******************************************************************************* Target pole/equ : undefined Target radii : undefined Center geodetic : 5.7124, 43.9320269, .703985 {E-lon(deg),Lat(deg),Alt(km)} Center cylindric: 5.7124, 4601.22659, 4403.14405 {E-lon(deg),Dxy(km),Dz(km)} Center pole/equ : ITRF93 {East-longitude positive} Center radii : 6378.137, 6378.137, 6356.752 km {Equator_a, b, pole_c} Target primary : Earth Vis. interferer : MOON (R_eq= 1737.400) km {source: DE441} Rel. light bend : Sun {source: DE441} Rel. lght bnd GM: 1.3271E+11 km^3/s^2 Atmos refraction: NO (AIRLESS) RA format : HMS Time format : CAL Calendar mode : Mixed Julian/Gregorian RTS-only print : NO EOP file : eop.241211.p250309 EOP coverage : DATA-BASED 1962-JAN-20 TO 2024-DEC-11. PREDICTS-> 2025-MAR-08 Units conversion: 1 au= 149597870.700 km, c= 299792.458 km/s, 1 day= 86400.0 s Table cut-offs 1: Elevation ( 0.0deg=YES),Airmass (>38.000=NO), Daylight (YES) Table cut-offs 2: Solar elongation ( 12.0,180.0=YES),Local Hour Angle( 0.0=NO ) Table cut-offs 3: RA/DEC angular rate ( 0.0=NO ) *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** Date__(UT)__HR:MN R.A._____(ICRF)_____DEC Azi____(a-app)___Elev APmag S-brt r rdot delta deldot S-O-T /r S-T-O T-O-M/MN_Illu% RA_3sigma DEC_3sigma Sky_motion Sky_mot_PA RelVel-ANG *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** $$SOE >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< 2024-Nov-30 16:10 C 23 33 23.99 -15 54 24.8 142.969574 22.091334 n.a. n.a. 0.986334126456 0.0600089 0.00109920569729 -0.8195862 98.7382 /T 81.1986 104.7/ 0.5921 n.a. n.a. 28.445964 7.4040012 -65.24272 2024-Nov-30 16:20 C 23 33 26.30 -15 49 40.8 145.273018 23.216283 n.a. n.a. 0.986334362551 0.0588941 0.00109592199109 -0.8159664 98.7739 /T 81.1631 104.7/ 0.5838 n.a. n.a. 28.771366 6.1315900 -64.96247 2024-Nov-30 16:30 C 23 33 28.22 -15 44 52.8 147.630748 24.283723 n.a. n.a. 0.986334594145 0.0577617 0.00109265340738 -0.8120357 98.8086 /T 81.1285 104.6/ 0.5753 n.a. n.a. 29.121988 4.9552893 -64.65452 2024-Nov-30 16:40 N 23 33 29.76 -15 40 00.6 150.042734 25.290452 n.a. n.a. 0.986334821167 0.0566115 0.00108940114913 -0.8078162 98.8424 /T 81.0949 104.6/ 0.5668 n.a. n.a. 29.494856 3.8771458 -64.32155 2024-Nov-30 16:50 N 23 33 30.95 -15 35 04.3 152.508451 26.233260 n.a. n.a. 0.986335043546 0.0554432 0.00108616632892 -0.8033307 98.8755 /T 81.0620 104.6/ 0.5582 n.a. n.a. 29.887069 2.8983197 -63.96619 2024-Nov-30 17:00 N 23 33 31.82 -15 30 03.7 155.026827 27.108966 n.a. n.a. 0.986335261206 0.0542565 0.00108294996588 -0.7986031 98.9079 /T 81.0298 104.5/ 0.5496 n.a. n.a. 30.295834 2.0192003 -63.59100 2024-Nov-30 17:10 A 23 33 32.40 -15 24 58.8 157.596200 27.914449 n.a. n.a. 0.986335474075 0.0530509 0.00107975298292 -0.7936575 98.9398 /T 80.9981 104.5/ 0.5409 n.a. n.a. 30.718501 1.2395215 -63.19845 2024-Nov-30 17:20 A 23 33 32.71 -15 19 49.6 160.214288 28.646689 n.a. n.a. 0.986335682075 0.0518263 0.00107657620398 -0.7885191 98.9712 /T 80.9669 104.5/ 0.5322 n.a. n.a. 31.152583 0.5584728 -62.79094 2024-Nov-30 17:30 A 23 33 32.79 -15 14 35.9 162.878165 29.302812 n.a. n.a. 0.986335885130 0.0505823 0.00107342035173 -0.7832132 99.0022 /T 80.9360 104.4/ 0.5234 n.a. n.a. 31.595782 359.97480 -62.37073 2024-Nov-30 17:40 A 23 33 32.67 -15 09 17.7 165.584255 29.880132 n.a. n.a. 0.986336083160 0.0493186 0.00107028604525 -0.7777660 99.0331 /T 80.9054 104.4/ 0.5146 n.a. n.a. 32.046005 359.48691 -61.93998 2024-Nov-30 17:50 23 33 32.37 -15 03 55.0 168.328345 30.376199 n.a. n.a. 0.986336276087 0.0480347 0.00106717379808 -0.7722040 99.0638 /T 80.8748 104.4/ 0.5058 n.a. n.a. 32.501369 359.09292 -61.50074 2024-Nov-30 18:00 23 33 31.94 -14 58 27.8 171.105620 30.788844 n.a. n.a. 0.986336463828 0.0467304 0.00106408401648 -0.7665543 99.0945 /T 80.8443 104.3/ 0.4969 n.a. n.a. 32.960219 358.79076 -61.05494 2024-Nov-30 18:10 23 33 31.39 -14 52 56.0 173.910715 31.116220 n.a. n.a. 0.986336646300 0.0454052 0.00106101699786 -0.7608440 99.1254 /T 80.8136 104.3/ 0.4881 n.a. n.a. 33.421124 358.57821 -60.60438 2024-Nov-30 18:20 23 33 30.77 -14 47 19.7 176.737789 31.356841 n.a. n.a. 0.986336823420 0.0440589 0.00105797292950 -0.7551007 99.1565 /T 80.7827 104.3/ 0.4792 n.a. n.a. 33.882886 358.45296 -60.15077 2024-Nov-30 18:30 23 33 30.11 -14 41 38.7 179.580624 31.509617 n.a. n.a. 0.986336995100 0.0426909 0.00105495188755 -0.7493524 99.1879 /T 80.7514 104.2/ 0.4703 n.a. n.a. 34.344534 358.41262 -59.69568 2024-Nov-30 18:40 t 23 33 29.43 -14 35 53.1 182.432728 31.573876 n.a. n.a. 0.986337161254 0.0413009 0.00105195383627 -0.7436269 99.2199 /T 80.7197 104.2/ 0.4615 n.a. n.a. 34.805329 358.45475 -59.24060 2024-Nov-30 18:50 e 23 33 28.79 -14 30 02.9 185.287468 31.549380 n.a. n.a. 0.986337321793 0.0398885 0.00104897862750 -0.7379523 99.2524 /T 80.6873 104.1/ 0.4527 n.a. n.a. 35.264755 358.57690 -58.78691 2024-Nov-30 19:00 23 33 28.21 -14 24 08.0 188.138191 31.436336 n.a. n.a. 0.986337476625 0.0384533 0.00104602600038 -0.7323568 99.2858 /T 80.6541 104.1/ 0.4439 n.a. n.a. 35.722517 358.77661 -58.33586 2024-Nov-30 19:10 23 33 27.72 -14 18 08.6 190.978358 31.235387 n.a. n.a. 0.986337625658 0.0369948 0.00104309558146 -0.7268683 99.3199 /T 80.6201 104.0/ 0.4351 n.a. n.a. 36.178535 359.05139 -57.88866 2024-Nov-30 19:20 23 33 27.36 -14 12 04.6 193.801670 30.947603 n.a. n.a. 0.986337768797 0.0355126 0.00104018688482 -0.7215148 99.3551 /T 80.5851 104.0/ 0.4264 n.a. n.a. 36.632934 359.39875 -57.44637 2024-Nov-30 19:30 23 33 27.17 -14 05 56.0 196.602185 30.574456 n.a. n.a. 0.986337905947 0.0340062 0.00103729931282 -0.7163242 99.3914 /T 80.5490 104.0/ 0.4177 n.a. n.a. 37.086036 359.81619 -57.01002 2024-Nov-30 19:40 23 33 27.18 -13 59 42.9 199.374411 30.117792 n.a. n.a. 0.986338037010 0.0324751 0.00103443215672 -0.7113239 99.4289 /T 80.5117 103.9/ 0.4091 n.a. n.a. 37.538352 0.3011809 -56.58052 2024-Nov-30 19:50 23 33 27.42 -13 53 25.3 202.113395 29.579794 n.a. n.a. 0.986338161884 0.0309189 0.00103158459788 -0.7065413 99.4678 /T 80.4730 103.9/ 0.4006 n.a. n.a. 37.990570 0.8511591 -56.15872 2024-Nov-30 20:00 23 33 27.93 -13 47 03.2 204.814779 28.962938 n.a. n.a. 0.986338280469 0.0293370 0.00102875570904 -0.7020032 99.5082 /T 80.4328 103.8/ 0.3921 n.a. n.a. 38.443540 1.4635265 -55.74539 2024-Nov-30 20:10 23 33 28.75 -13 40 36.7 207.474842 28.269954 n.a. n.a. 0.986338392661 0.0277290 0.00102594445584 -0.6977360 99.5501 /T 80.3910 103.8/ 0.3837 n.a. n.a. 38.898264 2.1356302 -55.34125 2024-Nov-30 20:20 23 33 29.90 -13 34 05.9 210.090516 27.503776 n.a. n.a. 0.986338498353 0.0260943 0.00102314969877 -0.6937658 99.5938 /T 80.3474 103.7/ 0.3754 n.a. n.a. 39.355878 2.8647548 -54.94694 2024-Nov-30 20:30 23 33 31.43 -13 27 30.6 212.659388 26.667499 n.a. n.a. 0.986338597437 0.0244324 0.00102037019516 -0.6901181 99.6394 /T 80.3021 103.7/ 0.3672 n.a. n.a. 39.817641 3.6481118 -54.56306 2024-Nov-30 20:40 23 33 33.36 -13 20 51.2 215.179683 25.764335 n.a. n.a. 0.986338689802 0.0227426 0.00101760460150 -0.6868175 99.6869 /T 80.2547 103.7/ 0.3592 n.a. n.a. 40.284911 4.4828316 -54.19014 2024-Nov-30 20:50 23 33 35.72 -13 14 07.5 217.650234 24.797572 n.a. n.a. 0.986338775337 0.0210245 0.00101485147589 -0.6838884 99.7364 /T 80.2053 103.6/ 0.3512 n.a. n.a. 40.759136 5.3659563 -53.82868 2024-Nov-30 21:00 23 33 38.56 -13 07 19.6 220.070441 23.770542 n.a. n.a. 0.986338853925 0.0192774 0.00101210928095 -0.6813541 99.7882 /T 80.1537 103.6/ 0.3433 n.a. n.a. 41.241827 6.2944360 -53.47914 2024-Nov-30 21:10 23 33 41.90 -13 00 27.6 222.440226 22.686581 n.a. n.a. 0.986338925449 0.0175007 0.00100937638665 -0.6792374 99.8423 /T 80.0998 103.6/ 0.3356 n.a. n.a. 41.734547 7.2651262 -53.14193 2024-Nov-30 21:20 23 33 45.76 -12 53 31.6 224.759979 21.549006 n.a. n.a. 0.986338989789 0.0156938 0.00100665107342 -0.6775602 99.8987 /T 80.0435 103.5/ 0.3281 n.a. n.a. 42.238882 8.2747899 -52.81744 2024-Nov-30 21:30 23 33 50.19 -12 46 31.7 227.030508 20.361091 n.a. n.a. 0.986339046823 0.0138560 0.00100393153557 -0.6763436 99.9577 /T 79.9847 103.5/ 0.3206 n.a. n.a. 42.756433 9.3201016 -52.50603 2024-Nov-30 21:40 23 33 55.21 -12 39 27.9 229.252983 19.126046 n.a. n.a. 0.986339096425 0.0119867 0.00100121588476 -0.6756076 100.0193 /T 79.9233 103.5/ 0.3134 n.a. n.a. 43.288784 10.397655 -52.20804 2024-Nov-30 21:50 23 34 00.85 -12 32 20.2 231.428888 17.847005 n.a. n.a. 0.986339138467 0.0100851 0.00099850215367 -0.6753715 100.0836 /T 79.8592 103.4/ 0.3062 n.a. n.a. 43.837493 11.503975 -51.92380 2024-Nov-30 22:00 23 34 07.13 -12 25 08.8 233.559973 16.527008 n.a. n.a. 0.986339172818 0.0081505 0.00099578829973 -0.6756536 100.1507 /T 79.7922 103.4/ 0.2993 n.a. n.a. 44.404067 12.635530 -51.65360 2024-Nov-30 22:10 23 34 14.09 -12 17 53.7 235.648210 15.168991 n.a. n.a. 0.986339199021 0.0060237 0.00099307139280 -0.6768712 100.2207 /T 79.7224 103.4/ 0.2925 n.a. n.a. 44.981775 13.785087 -51.41935 2024-Nov-30 22:20 23 34 21.74 -12 10 35.1 237.695752 13.775787 n.a. n.a. 0.986339216667 0.0038844 0.00099034857341 -0.6785807 100.2937 /T 79.6496 103.4/ 0.2859 n.a. n.a. 45.581217 14.953656 -51.19652 2024-Nov-30 22:30 23 34 30.11 -12 03 13.0 239.704906 12.350137 n.a. n.a. 0.986339225724 0.0017408 0.00098761788526 -0.6807755 100.3697 /T 79.5738 103.4/ 0.2795 n.a. n.a. 46.204125 16.137742 -50.98416 2024-Nov-30 22:40 23 34 39.23 -11 55 47.5 241.678098 10.894682 n.a. n.a. 0.986339226184 -0.0004021 0.00098487738335 -0.6834557 100.4488 /T 79.4947 103.3/ 0.2732 n.a. n.a. 46.851971 17.333764 -50.78176 2024-Nov-30 22:50 23 34 49.12 -11 48 18.6 243.617852 9.411958 n.a. n.a. 0.986339218057 -0.0025420 0.00098212510943 -0.6866279 100.5312 /T 79.4125 103.3/ 0.2672 n.a. n.a. 47.525959 18.538101 -50.58925 2024-Nov-30 23:00 23 34 59.79 -11 40 46.3 245.526765 7.904400 n.a. n.a. 0.986339201353 -0.0046797 0.00097935906562 -0.6903052 100.6170 /T 79.3270 103.3/ 0.2613 n.a. n.a. 48.227006 19.747143 -50.40696 2024-Nov-30 23:10 23 35 11.28 -11 33 10.8 247.407497 6.374350 n.a. n.a. 0.986339176075 -0.0068188 0.00097657718895 -0.6945067 100.7061 /T 79.2380 103.3/ 0.2556 n.a. n.a. 48.955740 20.957332 -50.23563 2024-Nov-30 23:20 23 35 23.60 -11 25 32.0 249.262755 4.824056 n.a. n.a. 0.986339142206 -0.0089655 0.00097377732862 -0.6992569 100.7986 /T 79.1457 103.3/ 0.2502 n.a. n.a. 49.712507 22.165216 -50.07630 2024-Nov-30 23:30 23 35 36.78 -11 17 50.1 251.095281 3.255682 n.a. n.a. 0.986339099698 -0.0111281 0.00097095722836 -0.7045837 100.8947 /T 79.0497 103.3/ 0.2450 n.a. n.a. 50.497398 23.367490 -49.93025 2024-Nov-30 23:40 23 35 50.82 -11 10 05.0 252.907851 1.671314 n.a. n.a. 0.986339048470 -0.0133163 0.00096811451471 -0.7105172 100.9944 /T 78.9502 103.3/ 0.2399 n.a. n.a. 51.310280 24.561033 -49.79890 2024-Nov-30 23:50 23 36 05.74 -11 02 16.8 254.703270 0.072965 n.a. n.a. 0.986338988397 -0.0155404 0.00096524669266 -0.7170877 101.0977 /T 78.8471 103.3/ 0.2351 n.a. n.a. 52.150832 25.742938 -49.68367 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< $$EOE *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** Column meaning: TIME Times PRIOR to 1962 are UT1, a mean-solar time closely related to the prior but now-deprecated GMT. Times AFTER 1962 are in UTC, the current civil or "wall-clock" time-scale. UTC is kept within 0.9 seconds of UT1 using integer leap-seconds for 1972 and later years. Conversion from the internal Barycentric Dynamical Time (TDB) of solar system dynamics to the non-uniform civil UT time-scale requested for output has not been determined for UTC times after the next July or January 1st. Therefore, the last known leap-second is used as a constant over future intervals. Time tags refer to the UT time-scale conversion from TDB on Earth regardless of observer location within the solar system, although clock rates may differ due to the local gravity field and no analog to "UT" may be defined for that location. Any 'b' symbol in the 1st-column denotes a B.C. date. First-column blank (" ") denotes an A.D. date. CALENDAR SYSTEM Mixed calendar mode was active such that calendar dates after AD 1582-Oct-15 (if any) are in the modern Gregorian system. Dates prior to 1582-Oct-5 (if any) are in the Julian calendar system, which is automatically extended for dates prior to its adoption on 45-Jan-1 BC. The Julian calendar is useful for matching historical dates. The Gregorian calendar more accurately corresponds to the Earth's orbital motion and seasons. A "Gregorian-only" calendar mode is available if such physical events are the primary interest. NOTE: "n.a." in output means quantity "not available" at the print-time. SOLAR PRESENCE (OBSERVING SITE) Time tag is followed by a blank, then a solar-presence condition code: '*' Daylight (refracted solar upper-limb on or above apparent horizon) 'C' Civil twilight/dawn 'N' Nautical twilight/dawn 'A' Astronomical twilight/dawn ' ' Night OR geocentric ephemeris LUNAR PRESENCE WITH TARGET RISE/TRANSIT/SET EVENT MARKER (OBSERVING SITE) The solar-presence code column is immediately followed by another marker: 'm' Refracted upper-limb of Moon on or above apparent horizon ' ' Refracted upper-limb of Moon below apparent horizon OR geocentric The lunar presence marker (an ongoing state) can be over-ridden by a target event marker if an event has occurred since the last output step: 'r' Rise (target body on or went above cut-off RTS elevation) 'e' Elevation max (target body maximum elevation angle has occurred) 't' Transit (target body at or passed through observer meridian) 's' Set (target body on or went below cut-off RTS elevation) RTS MARKERS (TVH) Rise and set are with respect to the reference ellipsoid true visual horizon defined by the elevation cut-off angle. Horizon dip and yellow-light refraction (Earth only) are considered. Accuracy is < or = to twice the requested search step-size. 'R.A._____(ICRF)_____DEC' = Astrometric right ascension and declination of the target center with respect to the observing site (coordinate origin) in the reference frame of the planetary ephemeris (ICRF). Compensated for down-leg light-time delay aberration. Units: RA in hours-minutes-seconds of time, HH MM SS.ff{ffff} DEC in degrees-minutes-seconds of arc, sDD MN SC.f{ffff} 'Azi____(a-app)___Elev' = Airless apparent azimuth and elevation of target center. Compensated for light-time, the gravitational deflection of light, stellar aberration, precession and nutation. Azimuth is measured clockwise from north: North(0) -> East(90) -> South(180) -> West(270) -> North (360) Elevation angle is with respect to a plane perpendicular to the reference surface local zenith direction. TOPOCENTRIC ONLY. Units: DEGREES 'APmag S-brt' = The targets' approximate apparent visual magnitude and surface brightness. For planets and natural satellites, output is restricted to solar phase angles covered by observational data. Outside the observed phase angle range, "n.a." may be output to avoid extrapolation beyond the limit of model validity. For Earth-based observers, the estimated dimming due to atmospheric absorption (extinction) is available as a separate, requestable quantity. Surface brightness is the average airless visual magnitude of a square-arcsecond of the illuminated portion of the apparent disk. It is computed only if the target radius is known. Units: MAGNITUDES & MAGNITUDES PER SQUARE ARCSECOND 'r rdot' = The Sun's apparent range ("r", light-time aberrated) and range-rate ("rdot") relative to the target center, as seen by the observer. A positive "rdot" means the target center was moving away from the Sun, negative means moving toward the Sun. Units: AU and KM/S 'delta deldot' = Apparent range ("delta", light-time aberrated) and range-rate ("delta-dot") of the target center relative to the observer. A positive "deldot" means the target center is moving away from the observer, negative indicates movement toward the observer. Units: AU and KM/S 'S-O-T /r' = Sun-Observer-Target apparent SOLAR ELONGATION ANGLE seen from the observers' location at print-time. The '/r' column provides a code indicating the targets' apparent position relative to the Sun in the observers' sky, as described below: Case A: For an observing location on the surface of a rotating body, that body rotational sense is considered: /T indicates target TRAILS Sun (evening sky: rises and sets AFTER Sun) /L indicates target LEADS Sun (morning sky: rises and sets BEFORE Sun) Case B: For an observing point that does not have a rotational model (such as a spacecraft), the "leading" and "trailing" condition is defined by the observers' heliocentric ORBITAL motion: * If continuing in the observers' current direction of heliocentric motion would encounter the targets' apparent longitude first, followed by the Sun's, the target LEADS the Sun as seen by the observer. * If the Sun's apparent longitude would be encountered first, followed by the targets', the target TRAILS the Sun. Two other codes can be output: /* indicates observer is Sun-centered (undefined) /? Target is aligned with Sun center (no lead or trail) The S-O-T solar elongation angle is numerically the minimum separation angle of the Sun and target in the sky in any direction. It does NOT indicate the amount of separation in the leading or trailing directions, which would be defined along the equator of a spherical coordinate system. Units: DEGREES 'S-T-O' = The Sun-Target-Observer angle; the interior vertex angle at target center formed by a vector from the target to the apparent center of the Sun (at reflection time on the target) and the apparent vector from target to the observer at print-time. Slightly different from true PHASE ANGLE (requestable separately) at the few arcsecond level in that it includes stellar aberration on the down-leg from target to observer. Units: DEGREES 'T-O-M/MN_Illu%' = Target-Observer-Moon LUNAR ELONGATION angle and illuminated percentage. The apparent lunar elongation angle between target body center and Moon center, seen from the observing site, along with fraction of the lunar disk illuminated by the Sun. A negative lunar elongation angle indicates the target center is behind the Moon. Units: DEGREES & PERCENT 'RA_3sigma DEC_3sigma' = Uncertainty in Right-Ascension and Declination. Output values are the formal +/- 3 standard-deviations (sigmas) around nominal position. Units: ARCSECONDS 'Sky_motion Sky_mot_PA RelVel-ANG' = Total apparent angular rate of the target in the plane-of-sky. "Sky_mot_PA" is the position angle of the target's direction of motion in the plane-of-sky, measured counter-clockwise from the apparent of-date north pole direction. "RelVel-ANG" is the flight path angle of the target's relative motion with respect to the observer's line-of-sight, in the range [-90,+90], where positive values indicate motion away from the observer, negative values are toward the observer: -90 = target is moving directly toward the observer 0 = target is moving at right angles to the observer's line-of-sight +90 = target is moving directly away from the observer UNITS: ARCSECONDS/MINUTE, DEGREES, DEGREES Computations by ... Solar System Dynamics Group, Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Pasadena, CA 91109 USA General site: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ Mailing list: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/email_list.html System news : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/news.html User Guide : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/manual.html Connect : browser https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/app.html#/x API https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/doc/horizons.html command-line telnet ssd.jpl.nasa.gov 6775 e-mail/batch https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/hrzn_batch.txt scripts https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/SCRIPTS Author : Jon.D.Giorgini@jpl.nasa.gov ***************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************