API VERSION: 1.2 API SOURCE: NASA/JPL Horizons API ******************************************************************************* Revised: Jun 22, 2025 MMS-1 Spacecraft / (Earth) -140482 https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/mms/index.html MMS 1 Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission: the first of four identically instrumented space physics spacecraft studying the Earth's magnetosphere. Octagonal in shape; 2.5-m wide, 1.2-m high, spinning at 3 rpm during science operations. Eight deployable booms: four 60-meter wire booms, two 12.5 meter booms, two 5-m booms. Mass: 1250 kg; 318 W power generation; S-band communications. NOTE: The spacecraft may be maneuvered frequently. Therefore, the JSpOC TLE-based trajectory provided here may at times depart from the actual trajectory. This can happen because TLEs do not model thruster firings; the TLE trajectory solutions must be reinitialized after each event. Launched: 2015-Mar-13 02:44 UTC (Atlas V, Cape Canaveral, USA) ******************************************************************************* ******************************************************************************* Ephemeris / API_USER Sun Jun 22 11:43:59 2025 Pasadena, USA / Horizons ******************************************************************************* Target body name: MMS-1 (spacecraft) (-140482) {source: MMS-1} Center body name: Earth (399) {source: DE441} Center-site name: VdS Remote Observatory, Hakos ******************************************************************************* Start time : A.D. 2024-Oct-31 00:00:00.0000 UT Stop time : A.D. 2024-Nov-01 00:00:00.0000 UT Step-size : 10 minutes ******************************************************************************* Target pole/equ : undefined Target radii : undefined Center geodetic : 16.3613, -23.2365766, 1.8515 {E-lon(deg),Lat(deg),Alt(km)} Center cylindric: 16.3613,5865.52307,-2501.54567 {E-lon(deg),Dxy(km),Dz(km)} Center pole/equ : ITRF93 {East-longitude positive} Center radii : 6378.137, 6378.137, 6356.752 km {Equator_a, b, pole_c} Target primary : Earth Vis. interferer : MOON (R_eq= 1737.400) km {source: DE441} Rel. light bend : Sun {source: DE441} Rel. lght bnd GM: 1.3271E+11 km^3/s^2 Atmos refraction: NO (AIRLESS) RA format : HMS Time format : CAL Calendar mode : Mixed Julian/Gregorian RTS-only print : NO EOP file : eop.250620.p250916 EOP coverage : DATA-BASED 1962-JAN-20 TO 2025-JUN-20. PREDICTS-> 2025-SEP-15 Units conversion: 1 au= 149597870.700 km, c= 299792.458 km/s, 1 day= 86400.0 s Table cut-offs 1: Elevation ( 0.0deg=YES),Airmass (>38.000=NO), Daylight (YES) Table cut-offs 2: Solar elongation ( 12.0,180.0=YES),Local Hour Angle( 0.0=NO ) Table cut-offs 3: RA/DEC angular rate ( 0.0=NO ) *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** Date__(UT)__HR:MN R.A._____(ICRF)_____DEC Azi____(a-app)___Elev APmag S-brt r rdot delta deldot S-O-T /r S-T-O T-O-M/MN_Illu% RA_3sigma DEC_3sigma Sky_motion Sky_mot_PA RelVel-ANG *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** $$SOE 2024-Oct-31 00:00 01 01 28.95 +32 45 54.8 324.064122 21.895982 n.a. n.a. 0.993062306081 -3.7450670 0.00022857653584 -3.0602521 153.9225 /T 26.0716 155.9/ 2.0498 n.a. n.a. 839.29309 17.931095 -52.84473 2024-Oct-31 00:10 01 05 10.15 +35 06 55.4 324.620476 19.256970 n.a. n.a. 0.993046945056 -3.9212721 0.00021617343993 -3.1279621 152.8540 /T 27.1402 153.7/ 2.0246 n.a. n.a. 943.27116 18.164022 -51.76026 2024-Oct-31 00:20 01 09 31.11 +37 45 58.5 325.542866 16.510550 n.a. n.a. 0.993030834196 -4.1197425 0.00020349357514 -3.1981985 151.4400 /T 28.5544 151.2/ 1.9998 n.a. n.a. 1070.9013 18.421846 -50.52164 2024-Oct-31 00:30 01 14 45.34 +40 47 18.4 326.897632 13.635948 n.a. n.a. 0.993013875162 -4.3451944 0.00019052944809 -3.2694964 149.5912 /T 30.4033 148.3/ 1.9753 n.a. n.a. 1230.1495 18.733169 -49.08798 2024-Oct-31 00:40 01 21 14.14 +44 16 35.1 328.777532 10.603504 n.a. n.a. 0.992995948169 -4.6036709 0.00017728174227 -3.3391222 147.1915 /T 32.8030 144.9/ 1.9512 n.a. n.a. 1432.5535 19.151410 -47.40349 2024-Oct-31 00:50 01 29 33.74 +48 21 29.7 331.314204 7.370767 n.a. n.a. 0.992976905931 -4.9029166 0.00016376621741 -3.4020670 144.0856 /T 35.9089 140.8/ 1.9275 n.a. n.a. 1695.1831 19.781091 -45.39062 2024-Oct-31 01:00 01 40 52.24 +53 12 31.9 334.698252 3.876745 n.a. n.a. 0.992956566116 -5.2527198 0.00015002621638 -3.4491591 140.0596 /T 39.9349 135.8/ 1.9041 n.a. n.a. 2043.7600 20.843517 -42.93936 2024-Oct-31 01:10 01 57 37.35 +59 03 45.2 339.212303 0.034077 n.a. n.a. 0.992934703035 -5.6648493 0.00013615581124 -3.4634556 134.8097 /T 45.1848 129.7/ 1.8811 n.a. n.a. 2517.4035 22.868939 -39.89111 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< 2024-Oct-31 17:20 C 22 18 49.93 -36 02 05.3 132.929411 69.776773 n.a. n.a. 0.992833177397 0.4371282 0.00083312426806 1.1426418 103.3166 /T 76.6368 111.3/ 0.7511 n.a. n.a. 42.698500 5.4206558 69.377342 2024-Oct-31 17:30 C 22 18 52.92 -35 54 58.5 136.234117 71.480614 n.a. n.a. 0.992834914934 0.4337366 0.00083770628125 1.1440806 103.3768 /T 76.5764 111.3/ 0.7384 n.a. n.a. 43.202195 4.6006959 69.074205 2024-Oct-31 17:40 N 22 18 55.47 -35 47 46.2 140.313191 73.087995 n.a. n.a. 0.992836638898 0.4303419 0.00084229487491 1.1458979 103.4363 /T 76.5166 111.3/ 0.7256 n.a. n.a. 43.719702 3.9094421 68.770750 2024-Oct-31 17:50 N 22 18 57.66 -35 40 28.3 145.338805 74.565886 n.a. n.a. 0.992838349277 0.4269448 0.00084689150741 1.1480641 103.4955 /T 76.4572 111.2/ 0.7127 n.a. n.a. 44.245617 3.3418231 68.469056 2024-Oct-31 18:00 A 22 18 59.54 -35 33 04.8 151.486094 75.870748 n.a. n.a. 0.992840046062 0.4235457 0.00085149751700 1.1505489 103.5545 /T 76.3979 111.2/ 0.6998 n.a. n.a. 44.775207 2.8924899 68.170868 2024-Oct-31 18:10 A 22 19 01.20 -35 25 35.9 158.882197 76.947800 n.a. n.a. 0.992841729247 0.4201453 0.00085611411974 1.1533217 103.6135 /T 76.3387 111.2/ 0.6868 n.a. n.a. 45.304387 2.5559679 67.877607 2024-Oct-31 18:20 A 22 19 02.69 -35 18 01.7 167.514706 77.734242 n.a. n.a. 0.992843398829 0.4167441 0.00086074240800 1.1563515 103.6727 /T 76.2792 111.2/ 0.6738 n.a. n.a. 45.829672 2.3267736 67.590389 2024-Oct-31 18:30 22 19 04.09 -35 10 22.1 177.124031 78.169565 n.a. n.a. 0.992845054804 0.4133426 0.00086538334901 1.1596068 103.7323 /T 76.2194 111.2/ 0.6607 n.a. n.a. 46.348135 2.1994992 67.310044 2024-Oct-31 18:40 t 22 19 05.45 -35 02 37.3 187.167953 78.212708 n.a. n.a. 0.992846697174 0.4099415 0.00087003778372 1.1630562 103.7924 /T 76.1590 111.2/ 0.6475 n.a. n.a. 46.857370 2.1688729 67.037142 2024-Oct-31 18:50 22 19 06.83 -34 54 47.6 196.952106 77.857775 n.a. n.a. 0.992848325941 0.4065411 0.00087470642610 1.1666679 103.8532 /T 76.0980 111.2/ 0.6344 n.a. n.a. 47.355442 2.2297975 66.772012 2024-Oct-31 19:00 22 19 08.30 -34 46 52.9 205.875703 77.136345 n.a. n.a. 0.992849941109 0.4031420 0.00087938986248 1.1704100 103.9149 /T 76.0361 111.2/ 0.6212 n.a. n.a. 47.840847 2.3773736 66.514770 2024-Oct-31 19:10 22 19 09.91 -34 38 53.5 213.604505 76.104419 n.a. n.a. 0.992851542685 0.3997447 0.00088408855141 1.1742507 103.9776 /T 75.9731 111.2/ 0.6080 n.a. n.a. 48.312474 2.6069097 66.265339 2024-Oct-31 19:20 22 19 11.72 -34 30 49.5 220.072143 74.824557 n.a. n.a. 0.992853130677 0.3963497 0.00088880282372 1.1781582 104.0414 /T 75.9091 111.2/ 0.5948 n.a. n.a. 48.769564 2.9139241 66.023476 2024-Oct-31 19:30 22 19 13.79 -34 22 41.2 225.380228 73.353470 n.a. n.a. 0.992854705094 0.3929574 0.00089353288277 1.1821007 104.1065 /T 75.8437 111.1/ 0.5817 n.a. n.a. 49.211675 3.2941385 65.788788 2024-Oct-31 19:40 22 19 16.16 -34 14 28.8 229.698013 71.737156 n.a. n.a. 0.992856265950 0.3895683 0.00089827880518 1.1860467 104.1730 /T 75.7769 111.1/ 0.5685 n.a. n.a. 49.638642 3.7434683 65.560756 2024-Oct-31 19:50 22 19 18.88 -34 06 12.4 233.201300 70.010846 n.a. n.a. 0.992857813256 0.3861828 0.00090304054171 1.1899651 104.2411 /T 75.7086 111.1/ 0.5554 n.a. n.a. 50.050553 4.2580093 65.338753 2024-Oct-31 20:00 22 19 22.01 -33 57 52.4 236.045762 68.200844 n.a. n.a. 0.992859347030 0.3828012 0.00090781791840 1.1938249 104.3108 /T 75.6386 111.1/ 0.5424 n.a. n.a. 50.447707 4.8340224 65.122060 2024-Oct-31 20:10 22 19 25.59 -33 49 28.9 238.359750 66.326655 n.a. n.a. 0.992860867288 0.3794240 0.00091261063819 1.1975956 104.3824 /T 75.5668 111.1/ 0.5294 n.a. n.a. 50.830592 5.4679176 64.909884 2024-Oct-31 20:20 22 19 29.66 -33 41 02.3 240.245614 64.402799 n.a. n.a. 0.992862374047 0.3760516 0.00091741828242 1.2012471 104.4558 /T 75.4932 111.1/ 0.5165 n.a. n.a. 51.199855 6.1562384 64.701372 2024-Oct-31 20:30 22 19 34.26 -33 32 32.7 241.783825 62.440190 n.a. n.a. 0.992863867328 0.3726842 0.00092224031308 1.2047500 104.5312 /T 75.4175 111.1/ 0.5037 n.a. n.a. 51.556270 6.8956458 64.495623 2024-Oct-31 20:40 22 19 39.44 -33 24 00.4 243.037409 60.447142 n.a. n.a. 0.992865347152 0.3693222 0.00092707607485 1.2080753 104.6086 /T 75.3398 111.1/ 0.4909 n.a. n.a. 51.900721 7.6829042 64.291703 2024-Oct-31 20:50 22 19 45.22 -33 15 25.8 244.055810 58.430079 n.a. n.a. 0.992866813541 0.3659658 0.00093192479771 1.2111947 104.6882 /T 75.2600 111.1/ 0.4783 n.a. n.a. 52.234171 8.5148682 64.088655 2024-Oct-31 21:00 22 19 51.65 -33 06 49.1 244.878006 56.394043 n.a. n.a. 0.992868266519 0.3626155 0.00093678559957 1.2140807 104.7701 /T 75.1779 111.1/ 0.4657 n.a. n.a. 52.557642 9.3884705 63.885508 2024-Oct-31 21:10 22 19 58.76 -32 58 10.6 245.534910 54.343056 n.a. n.a. 0.992869706110 0.3592713 0.00094165748927 1.2167065 104.8542 /T 75.0935 111.1/ 0.4533 n.a. n.a. 52.872195 10.300712 63.681289 2024-Oct-31 21:20 22 20 06.56 -32 49 30.6 246.051213 52.280370 n.a. n.a. 0.992871132338 0.3559335 0.00094653936971 1.2190459 104.9407 /T 75.0067 111.1/ 0.4410 n.a. n.a. 53.178904 11.248655 63.475029 2024-Oct-31 21:30 22 20 15.10 -32 40 49.3 246.446770 50.208664 n.a. n.a. 0.992872545232 0.3526024 0.00095143004114 1.2210740 105.0296 /T 74.9176 111.1/ 0.4288 n.a. n.a. 53.478843 12.229414 63.265771 2024-Oct-31 21:40 22 20 24.39 -32 32 07.1 246.737652 48.130172 n.a. n.a. 0.992873944817 0.3492780 0.00095632820474 1.2227664 105.1210 /T 74.8259 111.1/ 0.4168 n.a. n.a. 53.773068 13.240154 63.052577 2024-Oct-31 21:50 22 20 34.47 -32 23 24.3 246.936948 46.046785 n.a. n.a. 0.992875331120 0.3459605 0.00096123246632 1.2240999 105.2149 /T 74.7318 111.1/ 0.4049 n.a. n.a. 54.062594 14.278084 62.834533 2024-Oct-31 22:00 22 20 45.34 -32 14 41.1 247.055379 43.960134 n.a. n.a. 0.992876704171 0.3426501 0.00096614134015 1.2250520 105.3113 /T 74.6351 111.1/ 0.3932 n.a. n.a. 54.348390 15.340462 62.610756 2024-Oct-31 22:10 22 20 57.03 -32 05 57.9 247.101770 41.871640 n.a. n.a. 0.992878064120 0.3394065 0.00097105333923 1.2256427 105.4103 /T 74.5359 111.1/ 0.3816 n.a. n.a. 54.635876 16.426223 62.379241 2024-Oct-31 22:20 22 21 09.55 -31 57 14.9 247.083407 39.782563 n.a. n.a. 0.992879411088 0.3361567 0.00097596686139 1.2257979 105.5119 /T 74.4340 111.1/ 0.3703 n.a. n.a. 54.920429 17.530515 62.140494 2024-Oct-31 22:30 22 21 22.91 -31 48 32.4 247.006313 37.694028 n.a. n.a. 0.992880745043 0.3328985 0.00098088011704 1.2254971 105.6162 /T 74.3295 111.1/ 0.3591 n.a. n.a. 55.202608 18.650763 61.893800 2024-Oct-31 22:40 22 21 37.14 -31 39 50.7 246.875479 35.607057 n.a. n.a. 0.992882065951 0.3296310 0.00098579123963 1.2247223 105.7230 /T 74.2225 111.2/ 0.3481 n.a. n.a. 55.482985 19.784501 61.638463 2024-Oct-31 22:50 22 21 52.23 -31 31 10.1 246.695041 33.522594 n.a. n.a. 0.992883373775 0.3263548 0.00099069829356 1.2234570 105.8324 /T 74.1128 111.2/ 0.3373 n.a. n.a. 55.762117 20.929352 61.373809 2024-Oct-31 23:00 22 22 08.19 -31 22 30.9 246.468420 31.441518 n.a. n.a. 0.992884668482 0.3230712 0.00099559928154 1.2216869 105.9445 /T 74.0004 111.2/ 0.3267 n.a. n.a. 56.040542 22.083024 61.099189 2024-Oct-31 23:10 22 22 25.03 -31 13 53.4 246.198431 29.364662 n.a. n.a. 0.992885950047 0.3197824 0.00100049215202 1.2193993 106.0592 /T 73.8855 111.2/ 0.3163 n.a. n.a. 56.318753 23.243301 60.813985 2024-Oct-31 23:20 22 22 42.74 -31 05 17.9 245.887376 27.292822 n.a. n.a. 0.992887218456 0.3164915 0.00100537480553 1.2165830 106.1764 /T 73.7681 111.2/ 0.3061 n.a. n.a. 56.597189 24.408031 60.517609 2024-Oct-31 23:30 22 23 01.34 -30 56 44.6 245.537112 25.226769 n.a. n.a. 0.992888473705 0.3132016 0.00101024510065 1.2132281 106.2962 /T 73.6480 111.3/ 0.2961 n.a. n.a. 56.876201 25.575124 60.209515 2024-Oct-31 23:40 22 23 20.81 -30 48 13.8 245.149113 23.167258 n.a. n.a. 0.992889715806 0.3099160 0.00101510085871 1.2093260 106.4186 /T 73.5254 111.3/ 0.2863 n.a. n.a. 57.156039 26.742550 59.889198 2024-Oct-31 23:50 22 23 41.16 -30 39 45.7 244.724517 21.115035 n.a. n.a. 0.992890944782 0.3066377 0.00101993986801 1.2048688 106.5434 /T 73.4004 111.3/ 0.2768 n.a. n.a. 57.436824 27.908342 59.556202 2024-Nov-01 00:00 22 24 02.38 -30 31 20.6 244.264160 19.070842 n.a. n.a. 0.992892160667 0.3033691 0.00102475988702 1.1998495 106.6707 /T 73.2728 111.4/ 0.2674 n.a. n.a. 57.718533 29.070598 59.210126 $$EOE *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** Column meaning: TIME Times PRIOR to 1962 are UT1, a mean-solar time closely related to the prior but now-deprecated GMT. Times AFTER 1962 are in UTC, the current civil or "wall-clock" time-scale. UTC is kept within 0.9 seconds of UT1 using integer leap-seconds for 1972 and later years. Conversion from the internal Barycentric Dynamical Time (TDB) of solar system dynamics to the non-uniform civil UT time-scale requested for output has not been determined for UTC times after the next July or January 1st. Therefore, the last known leap-second is used as a constant over future intervals. Time tags refer to the UT time-scale conversion from TDB on Earth regardless of observer location within the solar system, although clock rates may differ due to the local gravity field and no analog to "UT" may be defined for that location. Any 'b' symbol in the 1st-column denotes a B.C. date. First-column blank (" ") denotes an A.D. date. CALENDAR SYSTEM Mixed calendar mode was active such that calendar dates after AD 1582-Oct-15 (if any) are in the modern Gregorian system. Dates prior to 1582-Oct-5 (if any) are in the Julian calendar system, which is automatically extended for dates prior to its adoption on 45-Jan-1 BC. The Julian calendar is useful for matching historical dates. The Gregorian calendar more accurately corresponds to the Earth's orbital motion and seasons. A "Gregorian-only" calendar mode is available if such physical events are the primary interest. NOTE: "n.a." in output means quantity "not available" at the print-time. SOLAR PRESENCE (OBSERVING SITE) Time tag is followed by a blank, then a solar-presence condition code: '*' Daylight (refracted solar upper-limb on or above apparent horizon) 'C' Civil twilight/dawn 'N' Nautical twilight/dawn 'A' Astronomical twilight/dawn ' ' Night OR geocentric ephemeris LUNAR PRESENCE WITH TARGET RISE/TRANSIT/SET EVENT MARKER (OBSERVING SITE) The solar-presence code column is immediately followed by another marker: 'm' Refracted upper-limb of Moon on or above apparent horizon ' ' Refracted upper-limb of Moon below apparent horizon OR geocentric The lunar presence marker (an ongoing state) can be over-ridden by a target event marker if an event has occurred since the last output step: 'r' Rise (target body on or went above cut-off RTS elevation) 'e' Elevation max (target body maximum elevation angle has occurred) 't' Transit (target body at or passed through observer meridian) 's' Set (target body on or went below cut-off RTS elevation) RTS MARKERS (TVH) Rise and set are with respect to the reference ellipsoid true visual horizon defined by the elevation cut-off angle. Horizon dip and yellow-light refraction (Earth only) are considered. Accuracy is < or = to twice the requested search step-size. 'R.A._____(ICRF)_____DEC' = Astrometric right ascension and declination of the target center with respect to the observing site (coordinate origin) in the reference frame of the planetary ephemeris (ICRF). Compensated for down-leg light-time delay aberration. Units: RA in hours-minutes-seconds of time, HH MM SS.ff{ffff} DEC in degrees-minutes-seconds of arc, sDD MN SC.f{ffff} 'Azi____(a-app)___Elev' = Airless apparent azimuth and elevation of target center. Compensated for light-time, the gravitational deflection of light, stellar aberration, precession and nutation. Azimuth is measured clockwise from north: North(0) -> East(90) -> South(180) -> West(270) -> North (360) Elevation angle is with respect to a plane perpendicular to the reference surface local zenith direction. TOPOCENTRIC ONLY. Units: DEGREES 'APmag S-brt' = The targets' approximate apparent visual magnitude and surface brightness. For planets and natural satellites, output is restricted to solar phase angles covered by observational data. Outside the observed phase angle range, "n.a." may be output to avoid extrapolation beyond the limit of model validity. For Earth-based observers, the estimated dimming due to atmospheric absorption (extinction) is available as a separate, requestable quantity. Surface brightness is the average airless visual magnitude of a square-arcsecond of the illuminated portion of the apparent disk. It is computed only if the target radius is known. Units: MAGNITUDES & MAGNITUDES PER SQUARE ARCSECOND 'r rdot' = The Sun's apparent range ("r", light-time aberrated) and range-rate ("rdot") relative to the target center, as seen by the observer. A positive "rdot" means the target center was moving away from the Sun, negative means moving toward the Sun. Units: AU and KM/S 'delta deldot' = Apparent range ("delta", light-time aberrated) and range-rate ("delta-dot") of the target center relative to the observer. A positive "deldot" means the target center is moving away from the observer, negative indicates movement toward the observer. Units: AU and KM/S 'S-O-T /r' = Sun-Observer-Target apparent SOLAR ELONGATION ANGLE seen from the observers' location at print-time. The '/r' column provides a code indicating the targets' apparent position relative to the Sun in the observers' sky, as described below: Case A: For an observing location on the surface of a rotating body, that body rotational sense is considered: /T indicates target TRAILS Sun (evening sky: rises and sets AFTER Sun) /L indicates target LEADS Sun (morning sky: rises and sets BEFORE Sun) Case B: For an observing point that does not have a rotational model (such as a spacecraft), the "leading" and "trailing" condition is defined by the observers' heliocentric ORBITAL motion: * If continuing in the observers' current direction of heliocentric motion would encounter the targets' apparent longitude first, followed by the Sun's, the target LEADS the Sun as seen by the observer. * If the Sun's apparent longitude would be encountered first, followed by the targets', the target TRAILS the Sun. Two other codes can be output: /* indicates observer is Sun-centered (undefined) /? Target is aligned with Sun center (no lead or trail) The S-O-T solar elongation angle is numerically the minimum separation angle of the Sun and target in the sky in any direction. It does NOT indicate the amount of separation in the leading or trailing directions, which would be defined along the equator of a spherical coordinate system. Units: DEGREES 'S-T-O' = The Sun-Target-Observer angle; the interior vertex angle at target center formed by a vector from the target to the apparent center of the Sun (at reflection time on the target) and the apparent vector from target to the observer at print-time. Slightly different from true PHASE ANGLE (requestable separately) at the few arcsecond level in that it includes stellar aberration on the down-leg from target to observer. Units: DEGREES 'T-O-M/MN_Illu%' = Target-Observer-Moon LUNAR ELONGATION angle and illuminated percentage. The apparent lunar elongation angle between target body center and Moon center, seen from the observing site, along with fraction of the lunar disk illuminated by the Sun. A negative lunar elongation angle indicates the target center is behind the Moon. Units: DEGREES & PERCENT 'RA_3sigma DEC_3sigma' = Uncertainty in Right-Ascension and Declination. Output values are the formal +/- 3 standard-deviations (sigmas) around nominal position. Units: ARCSECONDS 'Sky_motion Sky_mot_PA RelVel-ANG' = Total apparent angular rate of the target in the plane-of-sky. "Sky_mot_PA" is the position angle of the target's direction of motion in the plane-of-sky, measured counter-clockwise from the apparent of-date north pole direction. "RelVel-ANG" is the flight path angle of the target's relative motion with respect to the observer's line-of-sight, in the range [-90,+90], where positive values indicate motion away from the observer, negative values are toward the observer: -90 = target is moving directly toward the observer 0 = target is moving at right angles to the observer's line-of-sight +90 = target is moving directly away from the observer UNITS: ARCSECONDS/MINUTE, DEGREES, DEGREES Computations by ... Solar System Dynamics Group, Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Pasadena, CA 91109 USA General site: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ Mailing list: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/email_list.html System news : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/news.html User Guide : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/manual.html Connect : browser https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/app.html#/x API https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/doc/horizons.html command-line telnet ssd.jpl.nasa.gov 6775 e-mail/batch https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/horizons_batch.txt scripts https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/SCRIPTS Author : Jon.D.Giorgini@jpl.nasa.gov ***************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************