API VERSION: 1.2 API SOURCE: NASA/JPL Horizons API ******************************************************************************* Revised: Jun 19, 2025 MMS-1 Spacecraft / (Earth) -140482 https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/mms/index.html MMS 1 Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission: the first of four identically instrumented space physics spacecraft studying the Earth's magnetosphere. Octagonal in shape; 2.5-m wide, 1.2-m high, spinning at 3 rpm during science operations. Eight deployable booms: four 60-meter wire booms, two 12.5 meter booms, two 5-m booms. Mass: 1250 kg; 318 W power generation; S-band communications. NOTE: The spacecraft may be maneuvered frequently. Therefore, the JSpOC TLE-based trajectory provided here may at times depart from the actual trajectory. This can happen because TLEs do not model thruster firings; the TLE trajectory solutions must be reinitialized after each event. Launched: 2015-Mar-13 02:44 UTC (Atlas V, Cape Canaveral, USA) ******************************************************************************* ******************************************************************************* Ephemeris / API_USER Thu Jun 19 11:50:58 2025 Pasadena, USA / Horizons ******************************************************************************* Target body name: MMS-1 (spacecraft) (-140482) {source: MMS-1} Center body name: Earth (399) {source: DE441} Center-site name: SATINO Remote Observatory, Haute Provence ******************************************************************************* Start time : A.D. 2024-Oct-31 00:00:00.0000 UT Stop time : A.D. 2024-Nov-01 00:00:00.0000 UT Step-size : 10 minutes ******************************************************************************* Target pole/equ : undefined Target radii : undefined Center geodetic : 5.7124, 43.9320269, .703985 {E-lon(deg),Lat(deg),Alt(km)} Center cylindric: 5.7124, 4601.22659, 4403.14405 {E-lon(deg),Dxy(km),Dz(km)} Center pole/equ : ITRF93 {East-longitude positive} Center radii : 6378.137, 6378.137, 6356.752 km {Equator_a, b, pole_c} Target primary : Earth Vis. interferer : MOON (R_eq= 1737.400) km {source: DE441} Rel. light bend : Sun {source: DE441} Rel. lght bnd GM: 1.3271E+11 km^3/s^2 Atmos refraction: NO (AIRLESS) RA format : HMS Time format : CAL Calendar mode : Mixed Julian/Gregorian RTS-only print : NO EOP file : eop.250618.p250914 EOP coverage : DATA-BASED 1962-JAN-20 TO 2025-JUN-18. PREDICTS-> 2025-SEP-13 Units conversion: 1 au= 149597870.700 km, c= 299792.458 km/s, 1 day= 86400.0 s Table cut-offs 1: Elevation ( 0.0deg=YES),Airmass (>38.000=NO), Daylight (YES) Table cut-offs 2: Solar elongation ( 12.0,180.0=YES),Local Hour Angle( 0.0=NO ) Table cut-offs 3: RA/DEC angular rate ( 0.0=NO ) *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** Date__(UT)__HR:MN R.A._____(ICRF)_____DEC Azi____(a-app)___Elev APmag S-brt r rdot delta deldot S-O-T /r S-T-O T-O-M/MN_Illu% RA_3sigma DEC_3sigma Sky_motion Sky_mot_PA RelVel-ANG *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** $$SOE 2024-Oct-31 00:00 01 13 25.40 +21 38 09.1 233.669762 58.676812 n.a. n.a. 0.993062305853 -3.7450696 0.00021032892092 -3.4904832 162.1691 /T 17.8270 168.3/ 2.0256 n.a. n.a. 731.23148 30.689519 -61.95831 2024-Oct-31 00:10 01 18 15.44 +23 29 42.1 237.770988 59.326121 n.a. n.a. 0.993046944794 -3.9212753 0.00019613742805 -3.5902394 162.3589 /T 17.6374 166.5/ 2.0016 n.a. n.a. 833.32700 31.326091 -61.17479 2024-Oct-31 00:20 01 24 00.04 +25 36 47.7 242.056807 60.201983 n.a. n.a. 0.993030833894 -4.1197464 0.00018153073774 -3.6976514 162.2690 /T 17.7276 164.3/ 1.9779 n.a. n.a. 963.30494 32.060964 -60.24399 2024-Oct-31 00:30 01 30 58.84 +28 03 41.3 246.658246 61.386921 n.a. n.a. 0.993013874813 -4.3451992 0.00016647895154 -3.8121694 161.7531 /T 18.2438 161.8/ 1.9544 n.a. n.a. 1133.1606 32.942665 -59.11195 2024-Oct-31 00:40 01 39 43.13 +30 56 24.2 251.809844 62.993285 n.a. n.a. 0.992995947765 -4.6036769 0.00015095705734 -3.9317083 160.6091 /T 19.3880 158.6/ 1.9312 n.a. n.a. 1362.2745 34.055944 -57.69567 2024-Oct-31 00:50 01 51 06.18 +34 23 42.2 257.974308 65.175153 n.a. n.a. 0.992976905460 -4.9029243 0.00013495437227 -4.0507517 158.5632 /T 21.4339 154.7/ 1.9082 n.a. n.a. 1683.5473 35.558316 -55.86143 2024-Oct-31 01:00 02 06 47.31 +38 38 33.5 266.198225 68.132970 n.a. n.a. 0.992956565564 -5.2527298 0.00011849594934 -4.1558918 155.2343 /T 24.7629 149.6/ 1.8856 n.a. n.a. 2156.0458 37.768330 -53.38229 2024-Oct-31 01:10 02 30 15.53 +43 59 47.2 279.338294 72.034566 n.a. n.a. 0.992934702384 -5.6648621 0.00010169312003 -4.2146701 150.0410 /L 29.9561 142.9/ 1.8632 n.a. n.a. 2892.1625 41.408529 -49.84943 2024-Oct-31 01:20 03 10 07.77 +50 49 09.8 306.717211 76.261761 n.a. n.a. 0.992911041461 -6.1513484 0.00008486958597 -4.1459327 141.9862 /L 38.0108 133.6/ 1.8411 n.a. n.a. 4114.7179 48.389120 -44.48195 2024-Oct-31 01:30 t 04 31 45.63 +58 45 30.6 0.834325 75.118949 n.a. n.a. 0.992885270259 -6.7170803 0.00006889095275 -3.7404546 129.2262 /L 50.7707 119.7/ 1.8193 n.a. n.a. 6239.5886 64.620409 -35.74659 2024-Oct-31 01:40 07 28 42.24 +61 28 15.5 39.734413 59.841458 n.a. n.a. 0.992857107488 -7.3348653 0.00005597824142 -2.5044015 108.6737 /L 71.3232 98.1/ 1.7979 n.a. n.a. 9629.1653 102.58460 -21.02292 2024-Oct-31 01:50 10 30 33.58 +44 27 12.2 57.194431 32.025779 n.a. n.a. 0.992826550464 -7.8757918 0.00005074559999 0.1119141 78.5593 /L 101.4376 67.0/ 1.7767 n.a. n.a. 12430.668 138.51115 0.8409034 2024-Oct-31 02:00 12 01 59.50 +17 05 43.3 67.390501 1.228072 n.a. n.a. 0.992794516690 -7.9923027 0.00005737109201 3.0577659 46.5087 /L 133.4884 33.8/ 1.7559 n.a. n.a. 10986.083 148.83995 21.865549 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< 2024-Oct-31 16:40 C 22 18 47.28 -38 34 20.4 150.555048 0.436477 n.a. n.a. 0.992826091755 0.4506517 0.00085129751316 1.1196623 102.0877 /T 77.8645 109.2/ 0.7568 n.a. n.a. 45.770057 23.104917 67.185650 2024-Oct-31 16:50 C 22 19 02.03 -38 27 19.7 152.225115 1.384893 n.a. n.a. 0.992827883432 0.4472785 0.00085577549061 1.1152125 102.1811 /T 77.7709 109.3/ 0.7462 n.a. n.a. 45.559840 21.791267 67.090776 2024-Oct-31 17:00 N 22 19 15.90 -38 20 16.8 153.926234 2.290571 n.a. n.a. 0.992829661602 0.4438998 0.00086023660901 1.1112344 102.2723 /T 77.6794 109.3/ 0.7355 n.a. n.a. 45.412782 20.534550 66.976735 2024-Oct-31 17:10 N 22 19 28.94 -38 13 11.6 155.657943 3.151746 n.a. n.a. 0.992831426246 0.4405162 0.00086468272497 1.1077105 102.3616 /T 77.5898 109.3/ 0.7247 n.a. n.a. 45.323950 19.340542 66.844995 2024-Oct-31 17:20 N 22 19 41.21 -38 06 03.9 157.419636 3.966670 n.a. n.a. 0.992833177345 0.4371283 0.00086911562349 1.1046226 102.4491 /T 77.5021 109.4/ 0.7138 n.a. n.a. 45.288373 18.214171 66.697138 2024-Oct-31 17:30 N 22 19 52.76 -37 58 53.6 159.210553 4.733625 n.a. n.a. 0.992834914883 0.4337367 0.00087353701524 1.1019518 102.5350 /T 77.4160 109.4/ 0.7028 n.a. n.a. 45.301104 17.159497 66.534823 2024-Oct-31 17:40 A 22 20 03.66 -37 51 40.6 161.029771 5.450932 n.a. n.a. 0.992836638847 0.4303420 0.00087794853401 1.0996786 102.6195 /T 77.3313 109.4/ 0.6918 n.a. n.a. 45.357277 16.179723 66.359745 2024-Oct-31 17:50 A 22 20 13.95 -37 44 24.7 162.876206 6.116964 n.a. n.a. 0.992838349226 0.4269449 0.00088235173424 1.0977830 102.7026 /T 77.2479 109.4/ 0.6807 n.a. n.a. 45.452156 15.277234 66.173597 2024-Oct-31 18:00 A 22 20 23.69 -37 37 05.9 164.748604 6.730156 n.a. n.a. 0.992840046012 0.4235458 0.00088674808879 1.0962444 102.7847 /T 77.1656 109.5/ 0.6695 n.a. n.a. 45.581181 14.453646 65.978038 2024-Oct-31 18:10 22 20 32.94 -37 29 44.2 166.645541 7.289021 n.a. n.a. 0.992841729198 0.4201454 0.00089113898667 1.0950416 102.8657 /T 77.0843 109.5/ 0.6582 n.a. n.a. 45.740004 13.709872 65.774666 2024-Oct-31 18:20 22 20 41.76 -37 22 19.4 168.565432 7.792156 n.a. n.a. 0.992843398780 0.4167442 0.00089552573108 1.0941529 102.9460 /T 77.0038 109.5/ 0.6470 n.a. n.a. 45.924513 13.046196 65.564988 2024-Oct-31 18:30 22 20 50.19 -37 14 51.6 170.506527 8.238262 n.a. n.a. 0.992845054757 0.4133427 0.00089990953746 1.0935563 103.0256 /T 76.9240 109.5/ 0.6356 n.a. n.a. 46.130858 12.462347 65.350409 2024-Oct-31 18:40 22 20 58.29 -37 07 20.7 172.466924 8.626152 n.a. n.a. 0.992846697128 0.4099415 0.00090429153193 1.0932294 103.1047 /T 76.8447 109.5/ 0.6243 n.a. n.a. 46.355464 11.957580 65.132212 2024-Oct-31 18:50 22 21 06.10 -36 59 46.7 174.444582 8.954760 n.a. n.a. 0.992848325895 0.4065412 0.00090867274960 1.0931491 103.1834 /T 76.7657 109.5/ 0.6129 n.a. n.a. 46.595036 11.530744 64.911548 2024-Oct-31 19:00 22 21 13.69 -36 52 09.7 176.437332 9.223157 n.a. n.a. 0.992849941064 0.4031421 0.00091305413328 1.0932925 103.2619 /T 76.6870 109.6/ 0.6015 n.a. n.a. 46.846565 11.180357 64.689430 2024-Oct-31 19:10 22 21 21.10 -36 44 29.6 178.442894 9.430557 n.a. n.a. 0.992851542641 0.3997448 0.00091743653235 1.0936360 103.3404 /T 76.6083 109.6/ 0.5901 n.a. n.a. 47.107328 10.904663 64.466731 2024-Oct-31 19:20 t 22 21 28.38 -36 36 46.6 180.458898 9.576326 n.a. n.a. 0.992853130633 0.3963498 0.00092182070166 1.0941560 103.4188 /T 76.5296 109.6/ 0.5786 n.a. n.a. 47.374877 10.701689 64.244183 2024-Oct-31 19:30 22 21 35.58 -36 29 00.6 182.482907 9.659989 n.a. n.a. 0.992854705052 0.3929575 0.00092620730091 1.0948287 103.4975 /T 76.4508 109.6/ 0.5672 n.a. n.a. 47.647039 10.569298 64.022381 2024-Oct-31 19:40 e 22 21 42.74 -36 21 11.8 184.512438 9.681233 n.a. n.a. 0.992856265908 0.3895684 0.00093059689380 1.0956302 103.5764 /T 76.3716 109.6/ 0.5558 n.a. n.a. 47.921899 10.505226 63.801785 2024-Oct-31 19:50 22 21 49.92 -36 13 20.2 186.544988 9.639913 n.a. n.a. 0.992857813215 0.3861829 0.00093498994789 1.0965363 103.6558 /T 76.2920 109.6/ 0.5444 n.a. n.a. 48.197788 10.507118 63.582727 2024-Oct-31 20:00 22 21 57.14 -36 05 26.0 188.578062 9.536051 n.a. n.a. 0.992859346990 0.3828013 0.00093938683424 1.0975230 103.7356 /T 76.2119 109.6/ 0.5330 n.a. n.a. 48.473274 10.572561 63.365420 2024-Oct-31 20:10 22 22 04.46 -35 57 29.2 190.609192 9.369835 n.a. n.a. 0.992860867248 0.3794241 0.00094378782740 1.0985663 103.8162 /T 76.1311 109.6/ 0.5217 n.a. n.a. 48.747142 10.699103 63.149966 2024-Oct-31 20:20 22 22 11.92 -35 49 29.9 192.635973 9.141619 n.a. n.a. 0.992862374009 0.3760516 0.00094819310571 1.0996423 103.8975 /T 76.0496 109.6/ 0.5104 n.a. n.a. 49.018384 10.884274 62.936359 2024-Oct-31 20:30 22 22 19.56 -35 41 28.4 194.656074 8.851913 n.a. n.a. 0.992863867291 0.3726842 0.00095260275162 1.1007270 103.9796 /T 75.9673 109.7/ 0.4991 n.a. n.a. 49.286177 11.125601 62.724504 2024-Oct-31 20:40 22 22 27.42 -35 33 24.6 196.667271 8.501382 n.a. n.a. 0.992865347115 0.3693222 0.00095701675229 1.1017969 104.0627 /T 75.8840 109.7/ 0.4879 n.a. n.a. 49.549872 11.420619 62.514218 2024-Oct-31 20:50 22 22 35.52 -35 25 18.9 198.667464 8.090836 n.a. n.a. 0.992866813505 0.3659659 0.00096143500036 1.1028285 104.1468 /T 75.7996 109.7/ 0.4768 n.a. n.a. 49.808977 11.766880 62.305241 2024-Oct-31 21:00 22 22 43.92 -35 17 11.3 200.654690 7.621220 n.a. n.a. 0.992868266484 0.3626155 0.00096585729505 1.1037987 104.2320 /T 75.7141 109.7/ 0.4657 n.a. n.a. 50.063140 12.161958 62.097249 2024-Oct-31 21:10 22 22 52.63 -35 09 02.0 202.627147 7.093603 n.a. n.a. 0.992869706075 0.3592714 0.00097028334316 1.1046845 104.3185 /T 75.6275 109.7/ 0.4548 n.a. n.a. 50.312136 12.603454 61.889857 2024-Oct-31 21:20 22 23 01.71 -35 00 51.1 204.583198 6.509168 n.a. n.a. 0.992871132305 0.3559336 0.00097471276057 1.1054634 104.4062 /T 75.5395 109.7/ 0.4439 n.a. n.a. 50.555849 13.088996 61.682629 2024-Oct-31 21:30 22 23 11.16 -34 52 39.0 206.521385 5.869202 n.a. n.a. 0.992872545199 0.3526024 0.00097914507374 1.1061135 104.4952 /T 75.4502 109.7/ 0.4331 n.a. n.a. 50.794259 13.616247 61.475091 2024-Oct-31 21:40 22 23 21.03 -34 44 25.7 208.440435 5.175079 n.a. n.a. 0.992873944785 0.3492781 0.00098357972136 1.1066130 104.5857 /T 75.3595 109.7/ 0.4224 n.a. n.a. 51.027428 14.182899 61.266731 2024-Oct-31 21:50 22 23 31.34 -34 36 11.4 210.339260 4.428250 n.a. n.a. 0.992875331090 0.3459606 0.00098801605636 1.1069408 104.6777 /T 75.2673 109.8/ 0.4118 n.a. n.a. 51.255485 14.786676 61.057009 2024-Oct-31 22:00 22 23 42.11 -34 27 56.4 212.216963 3.630234 n.a. n.a. 0.992876704141 0.3426502 0.00099245334788 1.1070763 104.7712 /T 75.1736 109.8/ 0.4014 n.a. n.a. 51.478616 15.425334 60.845367 2024-Oct-31 22:10 22 23 53.37 -34 19 40.8 214.072833 2.782604 n.a. n.a. 0.992878064091 0.3394066 0.00099689086677 1.1070391 104.8663 /T 75.0783 109.8/ 0.3910 n.a. n.a. 51.701567 16.098259 60.629966 2024-Oct-31 22:20 22 24 05.15 -34 11 24.7 215.906345 1.886978 n.a. n.a. 0.992879411060 0.3361568 0.00100132777353 1.1067578 104.9630 /T 74.9814 109.8/ 0.3808 n.a. n.a. 51.919120 16.801183 60.411668 2024-Oct-31 22:30 22 24 17.46 -34 03 08.5 217.717153 0.944993 n.a. n.a. 0.992880745016 0.3328985 0.00100576304729 1.1062123 105.0613 /T 74.8828 109.8/ 0.3707 n.a. n.a. 52.131380 17.531958 60.189941 2024-Oct-31 22:40 22 24 30.32 -33 54 52.4 219.505085 -0.041695 n.a. n.a. 0.992882065925 0.3296311 0.00101019559127 1.1053846 105.1614 /T 74.7825 109.8/ 0.3608 n.a. n.a. 52.338570 18.288519 59.964224 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< $$EOE *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** Column meaning: TIME Times PRIOR to 1962 are UT1, a mean-solar time closely related to the prior but now-deprecated GMT. Times AFTER 1962 are in UTC, the current civil or "wall-clock" time-scale. UTC is kept within 0.9 seconds of UT1 using integer leap-seconds for 1972 and later years. Conversion from the internal Barycentric Dynamical Time (TDB) of solar system dynamics to the non-uniform civil UT time-scale requested for output has not been determined for UTC times after the next July or January 1st. Therefore, the last known leap-second is used as a constant over future intervals. Time tags refer to the UT time-scale conversion from TDB on Earth regardless of observer location within the solar system, although clock rates may differ due to the local gravity field and no analog to "UT" may be defined for that location. Any 'b' symbol in the 1st-column denotes a B.C. date. First-column blank (" ") denotes an A.D. date. CALENDAR SYSTEM Mixed calendar mode was active such that calendar dates after AD 1582-Oct-15 (if any) are in the modern Gregorian system. Dates prior to 1582-Oct-5 (if any) are in the Julian calendar system, which is automatically extended for dates prior to its adoption on 45-Jan-1 BC. The Julian calendar is useful for matching historical dates. The Gregorian calendar more accurately corresponds to the Earth's orbital motion and seasons. A "Gregorian-only" calendar mode is available if such physical events are the primary interest. NOTE: "n.a." in output means quantity "not available" at the print-time. SOLAR PRESENCE (OBSERVING SITE) Time tag is followed by a blank, then a solar-presence condition code: '*' Daylight (refracted solar upper-limb on or above apparent horizon) 'C' Civil twilight/dawn 'N' Nautical twilight/dawn 'A' Astronomical twilight/dawn ' ' Night OR geocentric ephemeris LUNAR PRESENCE WITH TARGET RISE/TRANSIT/SET EVENT MARKER (OBSERVING SITE) The solar-presence code column is immediately followed by another marker: 'm' Refracted upper-limb of Moon on or above apparent horizon ' ' Refracted upper-limb of Moon below apparent horizon OR geocentric The lunar presence marker (an ongoing state) can be over-ridden by a target event marker if an event has occurred since the last output step: 'r' Rise (target body on or went above cut-off RTS elevation) 'e' Elevation max (target body maximum elevation angle has occurred) 't' Transit (target body at or passed through observer meridian) 's' Set (target body on or went below cut-off RTS elevation) RTS MARKERS (TVH) Rise and set are with respect to the reference ellipsoid true visual horizon defined by the elevation cut-off angle. Horizon dip and yellow-light refraction (Earth only) are considered. Accuracy is < or = to twice the requested search step-size. 'R.A._____(ICRF)_____DEC' = Astrometric right ascension and declination of the target center with respect to the observing site (coordinate origin) in the reference frame of the planetary ephemeris (ICRF). Compensated for down-leg light-time delay aberration. Units: RA in hours-minutes-seconds of time, HH MM SS.ff{ffff} DEC in degrees-minutes-seconds of arc, sDD MN SC.f{ffff} 'Azi____(a-app)___Elev' = Airless apparent azimuth and elevation of target center. Compensated for light-time, the gravitational deflection of light, stellar aberration, precession and nutation. Azimuth is measured clockwise from north: North(0) -> East(90) -> South(180) -> West(270) -> North (360) Elevation angle is with respect to a plane perpendicular to the reference surface local zenith direction. TOPOCENTRIC ONLY. Units: DEGREES 'APmag S-brt' = The targets' approximate apparent visual magnitude and surface brightness. For planets and natural satellites, output is restricted to solar phase angles covered by observational data. Outside the observed phase angle range, "n.a." may be output to avoid extrapolation beyond the limit of model validity. For Earth-based observers, the estimated dimming due to atmospheric absorption (extinction) is available as a separate, requestable quantity. Surface brightness is the average airless visual magnitude of a square-arcsecond of the illuminated portion of the apparent disk. It is computed only if the target radius is known. Units: MAGNITUDES & MAGNITUDES PER SQUARE ARCSECOND 'r rdot' = The Sun's apparent range ("r", light-time aberrated) and range-rate ("rdot") relative to the target center, as seen by the observer. A positive "rdot" means the target center was moving away from the Sun, negative means moving toward the Sun. Units: AU and KM/S 'delta deldot' = Apparent range ("delta", light-time aberrated) and range-rate ("delta-dot") of the target center relative to the observer. A positive "deldot" means the target center is moving away from the observer, negative indicates movement toward the observer. Units: AU and KM/S 'S-O-T /r' = Sun-Observer-Target apparent SOLAR ELONGATION ANGLE seen from the observers' location at print-time. The '/r' column provides a code indicating the targets' apparent position relative to the Sun in the observers' sky, as described below: Case A: For an observing location on the surface of a rotating body, that body rotational sense is considered: /T indicates target TRAILS Sun (evening sky: rises and sets AFTER Sun) /L indicates target LEADS Sun (morning sky: rises and sets BEFORE Sun) Case B: For an observing point that does not have a rotational model (such as a spacecraft), the "leading" and "trailing" condition is defined by the observers' heliocentric ORBITAL motion: * If continuing in the observers' current direction of heliocentric motion would encounter the targets' apparent longitude first, followed by the Sun's, the target LEADS the Sun as seen by the observer. * If the Sun's apparent longitude would be encountered first, followed by the targets', the target TRAILS the Sun. Two other codes can be output: /* indicates observer is Sun-centered (undefined) /? Target is aligned with Sun center (no lead or trail) The S-O-T solar elongation angle is numerically the minimum separation angle of the Sun and target in the sky in any direction. It does NOT indicate the amount of separation in the leading or trailing directions, which would be defined along the equator of a spherical coordinate system. Units: DEGREES 'S-T-O' = The Sun-Target-Observer angle; the interior vertex angle at target center formed by a vector from the target to the apparent center of the Sun (at reflection time on the target) and the apparent vector from target to the observer at print-time. Slightly different from true PHASE ANGLE (requestable separately) at the few arcsecond level in that it includes stellar aberration on the down-leg from target to observer. Units: DEGREES 'T-O-M/MN_Illu%' = Target-Observer-Moon LUNAR ELONGATION angle and illuminated percentage. The apparent lunar elongation angle between target body center and Moon center, seen from the observing site, along with fraction of the lunar disk illuminated by the Sun. A negative lunar elongation angle indicates the target center is behind the Moon. Units: DEGREES & PERCENT 'RA_3sigma DEC_3sigma' = Uncertainty in Right-Ascension and Declination. Output values are the formal +/- 3 standard-deviations (sigmas) around nominal position. Units: ARCSECONDS 'Sky_motion Sky_mot_PA RelVel-ANG' = Total apparent angular rate of the target in the plane-of-sky. "Sky_mot_PA" is the position angle of the target's direction of motion in the plane-of-sky, measured counter-clockwise from the apparent of-date north pole direction. "RelVel-ANG" is the flight path angle of the target's relative motion with respect to the observer's line-of-sight, in the range [-90,+90], where positive values indicate motion away from the observer, negative values are toward the observer: -90 = target is moving directly toward the observer 0 = target is moving at right angles to the observer's line-of-sight +90 = target is moving directly away from the observer UNITS: ARCSECONDS/MINUTE, DEGREES, DEGREES Computations by ... Solar System Dynamics Group, Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Pasadena, CA 91109 USA General site: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ Mailing list: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/email_list.html System news : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/news.html User Guide : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/manual.html Connect : browser https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/app.html#/x API https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/doc/horizons.html command-line telnet ssd.jpl.nasa.gov 6775 e-mail/batch https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/horizons_batch.txt scripts https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/SCRIPTS Author : Jon.D.Giorgini@jpl.nasa.gov ***************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************