API VERSION: 1.2 API SOURCE: NASA/JPL Horizons API ******************************************************************************* Revised: Mar 11, 2026 1985-110B Spacecraft / (Earth) -116292 SL-8 R/B: Discarded rocket body from COSMOS 1704 launch Launched 1985-Nov-28, Plesetsk Missile and Space Complex, USSR/CIS Period: ~104.6 minutes ******************************************************************************* ******************************************************************************* Ephemeris / API_USER Wed Mar 11 21:26:44 2026 Pasadena, USA / Horizons ******************************************************************************* Target body name: COSMOS 1704 RB (spacecraft) (-116292) {source: 1985-110B} Center body name: Earth (399) {source: DE441} Center-site name: iTelescope Obs., Siding Spring ******************************************************************************* Start time : A.D. 2025-Jul-19 00:00:00.0000 UT Stop time : A.D. 2025-Aug-01 00:00:00.0000 UT Step-size : 10 minutes ******************************************************************************* Target pole/equ : undefined Target radii : undefined Center geodetic : 149.0644, -31.2733577, 1.16499 {E-lon(deg),Lat(deg),Alt(km)} Center cylindric: 149.0644,5457.31536,-3292.4397 {E-lon(deg),Dxy(km),Dz(km)} Center pole/equ : ITRF93 {East-longitude positive} Center radii : 6378.137, 6378.137, 6356.752 km {Equator_a, b, pole_c} Target primary : Earth Vis. interferer : MOON (R_eq= 1737.400) km {source: DE441} Rel. light bend : Sun {source: DE441} Rel. lght bnd GM: 1.3271E+11 km^3/s^2 Atmos refraction: NO (AIRLESS) RA format : HMS Time format : CAL Calendar mode : Mixed Julian/Gregorian RTS-only print : NO EOP file : eop.260311.p260607 EOP coverage : DATA-BASED 1962-JAN-20 TO 2026-MAR-11. PREDICTS-> 2026-JUN-06 Units conversion: 1 au= 149597870.700 km, c= 299792.458 km/s, 1 day= 86400.0 s Table cut-offs 1: Elevation ( 0.0deg=YES),Airmass (>38.000=NO), Daylight (YES) Table cut-offs 2: Solar elongation ( 12.0,180.0=YES),Local Hour Angle( 0.0=NO ) Table cut-offs 3: RA/DEC angular rate ( 0.0=NO ) *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** Date__(UT)__HR:MN R.A._____(ICRF)_____DEC Azi____(a-app)___Elev APmag S-brt r rdot delta deldot S-O-T /r S-T-O T-O-M/MN_Illu% RA_3sigma DEC_3sigma Sky_motion Sky_mot_PA RelVel-ANG *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** $$SOE >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-19 14:00 t 05 15 29.63 -55 38 16.6 159.770928 2.654471 n.a. n.a. 1.016207967251 3.4924317 0.00002308993107 -4.6075404 83.6051 /L 96.3928 82.5/ 31.7964 n.a. n.a. 19645.198 273.13777 -40.03803 2025-Jul-19 14:10 e 00 43 01.00 +09 28 35.5 72.147847 10.085456 n.a. n.a. 1.016214323846 -0.4287077 0.00001834651288 3.2591782 103.1667 /L 76.8330 34.8/ 31.7107 n.a. n.a. 29207.606 345.62568 26.709703 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-19 15:50 r 17 29 23.69 -63 20 31.3 211.084542 40.398036 n.a. n.a. 1.016208882033 1.4650470 0.00000953285560 -4.2380955 130.8465 /T 49.1518 132.0/ 30.9187 n.a. n.a. 51700.435 44.201732 -35.42636 2025-Jul-19 16:00 e 21 00 07.28 +55 00 34.4 353.416844 3.050965 n.a. n.a. 1.016206572859 -2.5937346 0.00002233971254 6.2342790 102.9689 /L 77.0312 72.4/ 30.8463 n.a. n.a. 14207.096 8.7567025 58.392521 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-19 17:40 r 18 00 41.94 +12 21 03.7 285.013574 0.826282 n.a. n.a. 1.016205181151 -0.7342029 0.00002408064785 2.6297835 136.4269 /T 43.5730 124.9/ 30.1874 n.a. n.a. 23693.667 20.962788 20.874814 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-20 14:30 t 01 47 09.45 -44 54 19.4 128.038021 26.838069 n.a. n.a. 1.016148077020 1.5550176 0.00001218026175 -2.3922809 106.4912 /L 73.5075 76.7/ 21.3917 n.a. n.a. 46376.362 325.86104 -19.30475 2025-Jul-20 14:40 e 23 50 23.59 +47 02 25.7 31.494122 -0.521552 n.a. n.a. 1.016146057491 -2.5442723 0.00002488449732 5.7808731 94.7597 /L 85.2400 52.9/ 21.3141 n.a. n.a. 14895.188 2.4102243 52.221444 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-20 16:10 r 12 54 51.97 -56 06 59.5 202.718337 5.118938 n.a. n.a. 1.016138637885 3.3324375 0.00002145035863 -5.7008301 98.4132 /T 81.5844 134.8/ 20.6638 n.a. n.a. 17910.754 101.24021 -50.83295 2025-Jul-20 16:20 e 19 01 28.70 +21 26 23.2 313.260962 20.559920 n.a. n.a. 1.016144182646 -0.6624587 0.00001388324276 4.1450083 135.6273 /T 44.3734 116.0/ 20.5971 n.a. n.a. 36069.844 18.769729 34.404044 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-21 13:10 r 01 42 16.95 -23 13 15.5 114.651363 4.036367 n.a. n.a. 1.016082355271 1.6423058 0.00002202191811 -0.0986085 102.4755 /L 77.5232 69.5/ 13.3410 n.a. n.a. 26931.027 328.98320 -0.785376 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-21 14:50 t 08 16 03.90 -67 03 43.7 177.200295 8.562800 n.a. n.a. 1.016072360738 3.4254487 0.00001940397965 -6.0453967 87.5039 /T 92.4939 101.8/ 12.6499 n.a. n.a. 17065.577 210.39963 -56.48981 2025-Jul-21 15:00 e 22 50 11.17 +24 45 31.3 29.826261 27.290549 n.a. n.a. 1.016078245349 -0.5917986 0.00001191514522 5.1276344 119.3173 /L 60.6833 81.4/ 12.5852 n.a. n.a. 36013.363 355.39775 44.670016 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-21 16:40 r 16 46 02.95 -25 24 28.9 249.245353 15.393939 n.a. n.a. 1.016072256112 1.3417710 0.00001595711065 -1.5221640 134.4423 /T 45.5563 174.2/ 11.9878 n.a. n.a. 37431.212 36.507819 -11.90346 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-22 13:30 t 04 19 46.45 -52 46 02.7 153.631387 3.432636 n.a. n.a. 1.016000947621 3.5146353 0.00002252984473 -4.0363409 87.9875 /L 92.0105 84.3/ 6.4955 n.a. n.a. 21696.736 286.38531 -34.33410 2025-Jul-22 13:40 e 00 34 54.62 +13 38 05.0 70.093336 5.688756 n.a. n.a. 1.016007162107 -0.5221382 0.00002078122975 3.5455747 106.0263 /L 73.9733 76.7/ 6.4430 n.a. n.a. 25206.449 347.37866 29.246529 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-22 15:20 r 19 18 00.01 -60 44 22.7 204.761790 54.724715 n.a. n.a. 1.016000628120 1.4244216 0.00000793191779 -3.4329516 138.5379 /T 41.4604 145.8/ 5.9489 n.a. n.a. 67238.804 23.452095 -28.03376 2025-Jul-22 15:30 e 21 22 38.82 +57 59 24.8 359.286396 0.621431 n.a. n.a. 1.015997928707 -2.7439047 0.00002397560498 6.3097409 100.2581 /L 79.7419 84.5/ 5.9029 n.a. n.a. 12826.450 7.9073544 59.496123 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-22 17:00 r 14 46 35.76 -40 45 43.9 219.517820 -0.543866 n.a. n.a. 1.015990540034 3.2472425 0.00002534795842 -3.8552451 110.1895 /T 69.8082 136.3/ 5.5199 n.a. n.a. 20760.729 65.881933 -31.21844 2025-Jul-22 17:10 e 18 01 14.42 +17 37 10.0 291.897442 1.755617 n.a. n.a. 1.015995551034 -0.8371962 0.00002335021621 3.1522066 131.0708 /T 48.9291 133.5/ 5.4809 n.a. n.a. 23611.676 19.124332 25.316226 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-23 14:00 r 01 20 57.62 -32 47 58.2 114.897646 23.965412 n.a. n.a. 1.015923699705 1.5047133 0.00001292339513 -1.1066078 110.9435 /L 69.0555 101.8/ 2.0220 n.a. n.a. 45756.236 331.44399 -8.797482 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-23 15:40 r 12 48 02.89 -59 32 37.0 201.813486 8.757128 n.a. n.a. 1.015913046294 3.3319294 0.00001926579819 -5.7740937 97.1863 /T 82.8114 110.2/ 1.7521 n.a. n.a. 19459.391 102.74740 -51.87401 2025-Jul-23 15:50 e 19 22 54.92 +29 34 36.1 326.083506 19.575594 n.a. n.a. 1.015918370114 -0.7713163 0.00001416292651 4.9428488 129.0541 /T 50.9466 123.2/ 1.7275 n.a. n.a. 31634.832 16.682603 42.387102 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-24 12:40 r 01 20 21.22 -17 29 58.8 109.352808 1.688813 n.a. n.a. 1.015841395341 1.5826250 0.00002356398904 0.5616850 108.2987 /L 71.7000 106.5/ 0.2351 n.a. n.a. 25107.743 332.31944 4.4927758 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-24 14:20 t 06 51 23.94 -68 26 14.0 171.306249 11.294888 n.a. n.a. 1.015830179351 3.4130003 0.00001792676389 -5.7726751 89.5553 /L 90.4426 93.8/ 0.1755 n.a. n.a. 20175.267 235.99336 -52.86056 2025-Jul-24 14:30 e 23 05 24.46 +29 14 50.6 34.302742 19.625439 n.a. n.a. 1.015835807030 -0.7061423 0.00001413384924 5.2851210 116.0736 /L 63.9268 111.7/ 0.1711 n.a. n.a. 29434.697 353.99426 46.422676 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-24 16:10 r 16 59 10.58 -21 30 59.8 256.329678 20.006947 n.a. n.a. 1.015828697144 1.2727214 0.00001414799583 -0.9280071 134.2058 /T 45.7931 135.2/ 0.1413 n.a. n.a. 42743.866 32.579815 -7.233231 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-25 13:00 t 03 29 27.28 -48 40 38.8 147.111946 3.724360 n.a. n.a. 1.015741939587 3.4905125 0.00002229317711 -3.3737431 93.6608 /L 86.3372 100.4/ 0.6975 n.a. n.a. 23401.088 297.62133 -28.14374 2025-Jul-25 13:10 e 00 26 40.59 +17 01 12.6 68.625966 1.796454 n.a. n.a. 1.015747862418 -0.6416035 0.00002328155816 3.7487199 109.0295 /L 70.9700 117.0/ 0.7136 n.a. n.a. 22111.695 349.31679 31.065086 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-25 14:50 t 20 59 24.97 -49 15 05.0 179.621870 72.122664 n.a. n.a. 1.015740211267 1.3468716 0.00000694813377 -1.9691839 149.2668 /L 30.7317 150.7/ 0.8908 n.a. n.a. 83674.358 5.5193053 -15.65100 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-25 16:30 r 14 47 10.11 -41 05 47.1 221.669307 2.300401 n.a. n.a. 1.015728926925 3.2138691 0.00002323949488 -3.8412171 107.7776 /T 72.2201 98.6/ 1.0894 n.a. n.a. 22616.040 62.690620 -31.15788 2025-Jul-25 16:40 e 18 02 55.12 +23 15 12.3 299.182720 2.380187 n.a. n.a. 1.015733612061 -0.9638916 0.00002284491628 3.6922821 125.7261 /T 54.2738 117.2/ 1.1100 n.a. n.a. 23076.490 17.367065 30.091125 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-26 13:30 r 01 00 41.77 -22 09 46.1 104.292791 19.878863 n.a. n.a. 1.015646419871 1.4190792 0.00001417058476 0.0455421 115.6235 /L 64.3757 135.0/ 3.5646 n.a. n.a. 42224.901 334.99542 0.3629657 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-26 15:10 r 12 42 28.00 -63 46 28.0 200.172569 12.945312 n.a. n.a. 1.015634596086 3.2876704 0.00001709571811 -5.8221525 96.8788 /T 83.1191 84.7/ 3.9461 n.a. n.a. 21538.508 105.21724 -52.60298 2025-Jul-26 15:20 e 19 46 55.09 +36 51 40.5 337.914819 17.379694 n.a. n.a. 1.015639563274 -0.9019710 0.00001490501454 5.5476373 123.1224 /T 56.8782 119.9/ 3.9857 n.a. n.a. 26590.643 14.308964 49.187914 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-26 17:00 r 16 58 54.19 -08 13 28.2 261.060562 1.207700 n.a. n.a. 1.015631917651 1.1028901 0.00002383246822 0.4586343 129.2507 /T 50.7482 105.6/ 4.3897 n.a. n.a. 25723.916 30.689077 3.5439034 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-27 13:50 t 05 13 33.54 -67 08 13.4 163.938212 13.752152 n.a. n.a. 1.015535101393 3.3581168 0.00001671603761 -5.3358102 93.3530 /L 86.6450 95.6/ 8.4655 n.a. n.a. 24174.407 263.74948 -47.52566 2025-Jul-27 14:00 e 23 15 15.89 +32 26 50.0 37.447214 13.505233 n.a. n.a. 1.015540342910 -0.8403988 0.00001650654666 5.3455471 114.5836 /L 65.4167 137.3/ 8.5183 n.a. n.a. 24906.584 353.88490 47.086734 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-27 15:40 r 17 16 42.52 -16 06 58.2 265.704938 25.085501 n.a. n.a. 1.015532184261 1.1719347 0.00001252615756 -0.1134432 134.6095 /T 45.3896 99.9/ 9.0684 n.a. n.a. 48602.585 28.630030 -0.881097 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-28 12:30 t 02 45 41.80 -43 41 49.9 140.451061 3.489341 n.a. n.a. 1.015430611444 3.4252249 0.00002239880358 -2.6459851 100.3494 /L 79.6487 120.3/ 14.4292 n.a. n.a. 24532.004 306.71938 -21.71760 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-28 14:20 t 22 01 20.34 -31 01 16.6 93.998930 72.768327 n.a. n.a. 1.015427464218 1.2391615 0.00000689365427 0.0268190 156.3016 /L 23.6977 145.9/ 15.1002 n.a. n.a. 87535.755 356.19089 0.2127347 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-28 16:00 r 14 49 47.91 -41 20 42.8 223.966512 5.491906 n.a. n.a. 1.015415119502 3.1408257 0.00002108951695 -3.7953703 105.7290 /T 74.2690 63.3/ 15.7737 n.a. n.a. 24969.815 59.252891 -30.80568 2025-Jul-28 16:10 e 18 05 56.74 +29 08 14.4 306.751546 2.638431 n.a. n.a. 1.015419364000 -1.1061730 0.00002259595537 4.2266908 120.5183 /T 59.4816 96.0/ 15.8434 n.a. n.a. 22053.766 15.665272 35.059018 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-29 13:00 r 00 43 45.94 -13 17 21.9 96.228419 15.422111 n.a. n.a. 1.015317955140 1.3046053 0.00001581108257 0.9889543 120.1925 /L 59.8068 162.2/ 22.2701 n.a. n.a. 37498.678 337.59068 7.8580835 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-29 14:40 r 12 39 44.21 -69 08 47.3 197.434542 17.870303 n.a. n.a. 1.015305130310 3.2048092 0.00001497414858 -5.8224966 97.8535 /T 82.1444 66.9/ 22.9534 n.a. n.a. 24495.992 108.66222 -52.71058 2025-Jul-29 14:50 e 20 12 28.91 +42 51 53.5 348.176590 14.393936 n.a. n.a. 1.015309631394 -1.0466536 0.00001605943473 5.9483806 118.2404 /T 61.7601 113.5/ 23.0261 n.a. n.a. 22056.079 11.582722 54.254591 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-29 16:30 r 16 59 38.66 -04 12 09.3 266.947472 3.147291 n.a. n.a. 1.015301050408 0.9825857 0.00002241699045 0.9074758 125.4404 /T 54.5586 70.9/ 23.7886 n.a. n.a. 27153.810 28.251909 7.0334750 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-30 13:20 t 03 44 50.13 -62 30 13.7 155.083550 15.629046 n.a. n.a. 1.015190587601 3.2655979 0.00001585208437 -4.6981773 98.9830 /L 81.0151 102.2/ 30.9875 n.a. n.a. 28668.673 287.70980 -40.53629 2025-Jul-30 13:30 e 23 21 14.57 +34 50 01.4 39.815346 8.441043 n.a. n.a. 1.015195338366 -0.9872418 0.00001897873030 5.3552858 114.2201 /L 65.7801 146.0/ 31.0548 n.a. n.a. 21648.518 354.70260 47.156836 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-30 15:10 r 17 39 17.89 -08 46 56.8 278.424484 30.202367 n.a. n.a. 1.015186301523 1.0456708 0.00001120807435 0.9631400 135.4013 /T 44.5982 70.2/ 31.7821 n.a. n.a. 53802.916 24.786910 7.5293684 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-31 12:00 t 02 08 11.81 -38 12 39.1 133.905202 2.736882 n.a. n.a. 1.015071714320 3.3231463 0.00002284918341 -1.8891904 107.7204 /L 72.2778 128.1/ 39.6816 n.a. n.a. 24966.247 313.93125 -15.31872 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-31 13:50 t 22 34 14.24 -13 12 37.0 66.397025 54.731973 n.a. n.a. 1.015067234059 1.1070613 0.00000782050631 1.8303085 152.7251 /L 27.2750 127.9/ 40.3628 n.a. n.a. 74668.415 351.65217 14.537925 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-31 15:30 r 14 55 13.06 -41 26 57.2 226.501035 9.145159 n.a. n.a. 1.015054038231 3.0326073 0.00001890933254 -3.7050364 104.1553 /T 75.8428 32.4/ 41.0968 n.a. n.a. 28019.785 55.492048 -30.04999 2025-Jul-31 15:40 e 18 10 34.37 +35 06 53.5 314.439975 2.488742 n.a. n.a. 1.015057750431 -1.2571937 0.00002262699402 4.7296824 115.5970 /T 64.4029 80.5/ 41.1758 n.a. n.a. 20587.135 13.980827 40.031329 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< $$EOE *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** Column meaning: TIME Times PRIOR to 1962 are UT1, a mean-solar time closely related to the prior but now-deprecated GMT. Times AFTER 1962 are in UTC, the current civil or "wall-clock" time-scale. UTC is kept within 0.9 seconds of UT1 using integer leap-seconds for 1972 and later years. Conversion from the internal Barycentric Dynamical Time (TDB) of solar system dynamics to the non-uniform civil UT time-scale requested for output has not been determined for UTC times after the next July or January 1st. Therefore, the last known leap-second is used as a constant over future intervals. Time tags refer to the UT time-scale conversion from TDB on Earth regardless of observer location within the solar system, although clock rates may differ due to the local gravity field and no analog to "UT" may be defined for that location. Any 'b' symbol in the 1st-column denotes a B.C. date. First-column blank (" ") denotes an A.D. date. CALENDAR SYSTEM Mixed calendar mode was active such that calendar dates after AD 1582-Oct-15 (if any) are in the modern Gregorian system. Dates prior to 1582-Oct-5 (if any) are in the Julian calendar system, which is automatically extended for dates prior to its adoption on 45-Jan-1 BC. The Julian calendar is useful for matching historical dates. The Gregorian calendar more accurately corresponds to the Earth's orbital motion and seasons. A "Gregorian-only" calendar mode is available if such physical events are the primary interest. NOTE: "n.a." in output means quantity "not available" at the print-time. SOLAR PRESENCE (OBSERVING SITE) Time tag is followed by a blank, then a solar-presence condition code: '*' Daylight (refracted solar upper-limb on or above apparent horizon) 'C' Civil twilight/dawn 'N' Nautical twilight/dawn 'A' Astronomical twilight/dawn ' ' Night OR geocentric ephemeris LUNAR PRESENCE WITH TARGET RISE/TRANSIT/SET EVENT MARKER (OBSERVING SITE) The solar-presence code column is immediately followed by another marker: 'm' Refracted upper-limb of Moon on or above apparent horizon ' ' Refracted upper-limb of Moon below apparent horizon OR geocentric The lunar presence marker (an ongoing state) can be over-ridden by a target event marker if an event has occurred since the last output step: 'r' Rise (target body on or went above cut-off RTS elevation) 'e' Elevation max (target body maximum elevation angle has occurred) 't' Transit (target body at or passed through observer meridian) 's' Set (target body on or went below cut-off RTS elevation) RTS MARKERS (TVH) Rise and set are with respect to the reference ellipsoid true visual horizon defined by the elevation cut-off angle. Horizon dip and yellow-light refraction (Earth only) are considered. Accuracy is < or = to twice the requested search step-size. 'R.A._____(ICRF)_____DEC' = Astrometric right ascension and declination of the target center with respect to the observing site (coordinate origin) in the reference frame of the planetary ephemeris (ICRF). Compensated for down-leg light-time delay aberration. Units: RA in hours-minutes-seconds of time, HH MM SS.ff{ffff} DEC in degrees-minutes-seconds of arc, sDD MN SC.f{ffff} 'Azi____(a-app)___Elev' = Airless apparent azimuth and elevation of target center. Compensated for light-time, the gravitational deflection of light, stellar aberration, precession and nutation. Azimuth is measured clockwise from north: North(0) -> East(90) -> South(180) -> West(270) -> North (360) Elevation angle is with respect to a plane perpendicular to the reference surface local zenith direction. TOPOCENTRIC ONLY. Units: DEGREES 'APmag S-brt' = The targets' approximate apparent visual magnitude and surface brightness. For planets and natural satellites, output is restricted to solar phase angles covered by observational data. Outside the observed phase angle range, "n.a." may be output to avoid extrapolation beyond the limit of model validity. For Earth-based observers, the estimated dimming due to atmospheric absorption (extinction) is available as a separate, requestable quantity. Surface brightness is the average airless visual magnitude of a square-arcsecond of the illuminated portion of the apparent disk. It is computed only if the target radius is known. Units: MAGNITUDES & MAGNITUDES PER SQUARE ARCSECOND 'r rdot' = The Sun's apparent range ("r", light-time aberrated) and range-rate ("rdot") relative to the target center, as seen by the observer. A positive "rdot" means the target center was moving away from the Sun, negative means moving toward the Sun. Units: AU and KM/S 'delta deldot' = Apparent range ("delta", light-time aberrated) and range-rate ("delta-dot") of the target center relative to the observer. A positive "deldot" means the target center is moving away from the observer, negative indicates movement toward the observer. Units: AU and KM/S 'S-O-T /r' = Sun-Observer-Target apparent SOLAR ELONGATION ANGLE seen from the observers' location at print-time. The '/r' column provides a code indicating the targets' apparent position relative to the Sun in the observers' sky, as described below: Case A: For an observing location on the surface of a rotating body, that body rotational sense is considered: /T indicates target TRAILS Sun (evening sky: rises and sets AFTER Sun) /L indicates target LEADS Sun (morning sky: rises and sets BEFORE Sun) Case B: For an observing point that does not have a rotational model (such as a spacecraft), the "leading" and "trailing" condition is defined by the observers' heliocentric ORBITAL motion: * If continuing in the observers' current direction of heliocentric motion would encounter the targets' apparent longitude first, followed by the Sun's, the target LEADS the Sun as seen by the observer. * If the Sun's apparent longitude would be encountered first, followed by the targets', the target TRAILS the Sun. Two other codes can be output: /* indicates observer is Sun-centered (undefined) /? Target is aligned with Sun center (no lead or trail) The S-O-T solar elongation angle is numerically the minimum separation angle of the Sun and target in the sky in any direction. It does NOT indicate the amount of separation in the leading or trailing directions, which would be defined along the equator of a spherical coordinate system. Units: DEGREES 'S-T-O' = The Sun-Target-Observer angle; the interior vertex angle at target center formed by a vector from the target to the apparent center of the Sun (at reflection time on the target) and the apparent vector from target to the observer at print-time. Slightly different from true PHASE ANGLE (requestable separately) at the few arcsecond level in that it includes stellar aberration on the down-leg from target to observer. Units: DEGREES 'T-O-M/MN_Illu%' = Target-Observer-Moon LUNAR ELONGATION angle and illuminated percentage. The apparent lunar elongation angle between target body center and Moon center, seen from the observing site, along with fraction of the lunar disk illuminated by the Sun. A negative lunar elongation angle indicates the target center is behind the Moon. Units: DEGREES & PERCENT 'RA_3sigma DEC_3sigma' = Uncertainty in Right-Ascension and Declination. Output values are the formal +/- 3 standard-deviations (sigmas) around nominal position. Units: ARCSECONDS 'Sky_motion Sky_mot_PA RelVel-ANG' = Total apparent angular rate of the target in the plane-of-sky. "Sky_mot_PA" is the position angle of the target's direction of motion in the plane-of-sky, measured counter-clockwise from the apparent of-date north pole direction. "RelVel-ANG" is the flight path angle of the target's relative motion with respect to the observer's line-of-sight, in the range [-90,+90], where positive values indicate motion away from the observer, negative values are toward the observer: -90 = target is moving directly toward the observer 0 = target is moving at right angles to the observer's line-of-sight +90 = target is moving directly away from the observer UNITS: ARCSECONDS/MINUTE, DEGREES, DEGREES Computations by ... Solar System Dynamics Group, Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Pasadena, CA 91109 USA General site: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ Mailing list: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/email_list.html System news : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/news.html User Guide : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/manual.html Connect : browser https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/app.html#/x API https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/doc/horizons.html command-line telnet ssd.jpl.nasa.gov 6775 e-mail/batch https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/horizons_batch.txt scripts https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/SCRIPTS Author : Jon.D.Giorgini@jpl.nasa.gov ***************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************