API VERSION: 1.2 API SOURCE: NASA/JPL Horizons API ******************************************************************************* Revised: May 14, 2025 1985-110B Spacecraft / (Earth) -116292 SL-8 R/B: Discarded rocket body from COSMOS 1704 launch Launched 1985-Nov-28, Plesetsk Missile and Space Complex, USSR/CIS Period: ~104.6 minutes ******************************************************************************* ******************************************************************************* Ephemeris / API_USER Wed May 14 22:55:40 2025 Pasadena, USA / Horizons ******************************************************************************* Target body name: COSMOS 1704 RB (spacecraft) (-116292) {source: 1985-110B} Center body name: Earth (399) {source: DE441} Center-site name: Swan Reach Imaging, Glenalta ******************************************************************************* Start time : A.D. 2025-Apr-19 00:00:00.0000 UT Stop time : A.D. 2025-May-01 00:00:00.0000 UT Step-size : 10 minutes ******************************************************************************* Target pole/equ : undefined Target radii : undefined Center geodetic : 139.5701, -34.5440227, .056888 {E-lon(deg),Lat(deg),Alt(km)} Center cylindric: 139.5701,5259.32258,-3596.34777 {E-lon(deg),Dxy(km),Dz(km)} Center pole/equ : ITRF93 {East-longitude positive} Center radii : 6378.137, 6378.137, 6356.752 km {Equator_a, b, pole_c} Target primary : Earth Vis. interferer : MOON (R_eq= 1737.400) km {source: DE441} Rel. light bend : Sun {source: DE441} Rel. lght bnd GM: 1.3271E+11 km^3/s^2 Atmos refraction: NO (AIRLESS) RA format : HMS Time format : CAL Calendar mode : Mixed Julian/Gregorian RTS-only print : NO EOP file : eop.250514.p250810 EOP coverage : DATA-BASED 1962-JAN-20 TO 2025-MAY-14. PREDICTS-> 2025-AUG-09 Units conversion: 1 au= 149597870.700 km, c= 299792.458 km/s, 1 day= 86400.0 s Table cut-offs 1: Elevation ( 0.0deg=YES),Airmass (>38.000=NO), Daylight (YES) Table cut-offs 2: Solar elongation ( 12.0,180.0=YES),Local Hour Angle( 0.0=NO ) Table cut-offs 3: RA/DEC angular rate ( 0.0=NO ) *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** Date__(UT)__HR:MN R.A._____(ICRF)_____DEC Azi____(a-app)___Elev APmag S-brt r rdot delta deldot S-O-T /r S-T-O T-O-M/MN_Illu% RA_3sigma DEC_3sigma Sky_motion Sky_mot_PA RelVel-ANG *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** $$SOE >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Apr-19 12:50 r 18 47 52.16 -16 46 07.7 110.718273 -0.336523 n.a. n.a. 1.004479130369 -3.0586492 0.00002512688402 0.3473900 107.7283 /L 72.2706 10.8/ 64.8799 n.a. n.a. 24498.662 140.43337 2.6743641 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Apr-19 14:30 r 16 22 37.93 +18 52 51.1 42.733230 23.963585 n.a. n.a. 1.004503518173 -1.1766364 0.00001295025998 -4.2970646 131.6841 /L 48.3145 59.8/ 64.2105 n.a. n.a. 37904.180 159.73472 -35.90921 2025-Apr-19 14:40 e 23 21 35.56 -55 32 52.8 160.043920 5.289932 n.a. n.a. 1.004490901406 -4.8972648 0.00002125089042 5.8604307 73.6162 /L 106.3835 54.0/ 64.1496 n.a. n.a. 17290.650 66.736811 52.840635 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Apr-19 16:10 r 11 54 51.15 +43 07 28.7 325.332509 -0.440587 n.a. n.a. 1.004524264838 0.8338019 0.00002508617526 -5.6912678 119.5966 /T 60.4009 120.1/ 63.6494 n.a. n.a. 15017.154 180.73152 -51.33578 2025-Apr-19 16:20 e 09 39 30.95 -44 47 24.3 231.452466 25.220451 n.a. n.a. 1.004519021218 -3.3404267 0.00001263136814 2.2576894 117.3067 /T 62.6935 99.3/ 63.5988 n.a. n.a. 44953.088 218.95641 18.209845 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Apr-20 13:10 r 17 35 24.00 +11 00 16.0 74.265176 3.282121 n.a. n.a. 1.004768593291 -1.1046683 0.00002250165796 -2.7586978 120.3162 /L 59.6823 49.0/ 54.7816 n.a. n.a. 25156.523 156.00051 -21.95460 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Apr-20 14:50 t 14 22 28.91 +51 34 21.7 3.019336 3.895639 n.a. n.a. 1.004789117330 0.9124294 0.00002202012569 -6.2533883 116.4940 /L 63.5035 105.4/ 54.0385 n.a. n.a. 14180.062 171.03223 -58.88523 2025-Apr-20 15:00 e 18 16 47.12 -70 46 00.6 157.190943 41.703569 n.a. n.a. 1.004784154875 -3.2832829 0.00000934998601 4.4454285 108.7835 /L 71.2172 47.8/ 53.9706 n.a. n.a. 51298.956 128.47540 37.478324 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Apr-20 16:40 r 10 59 39.02 +07 05 31.9 285.350787 9.536638 n.a. n.a. 1.004808886689 -1.4211566 0.00001875184053 -3.2553052 132.8844 /T 47.1143 133.3/ 53.3537 n.a. n.a. 28496.825 197.16504 -26.74636 2025-Apr-20 16:50 e 06 14 19.10 -53 28 35.1 198.721686 2.460221 n.a. n.a. 1.004795392230 -5.0775647 0.00002309557972 4.5159510 85.2757 /T 94.7238 98.2/ 53.2979 n.a. n.a. 19923.944 271.27800 39.074219 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Apr-21 13:40 r 19 15 06.65 -31 42 35.8 119.106050 13.875620 n.a. n.a. 1.005048067338 -3.2230106 0.00001664559065 2.2302748 105.0252 /L 74.9745 22.8/ 44.1000 n.a. n.a. 35013.046 134.82437 17.566731 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Apr-21 15:20 r 12 56 24.34 +13 41 00.3 329.213939 36.325620 n.a. n.a. 1.005072568900 -1.3490377 0.00001015142353 -4.6310129 150.2762 /T 29.7223 121.3/ 43.3183 n.a. n.a. 45799.603 184.89205 -39.48863 2025-Apr-21 15:30 t 02 39 11.04 -60 52 01.0 178.981389 5.317885 n.a. n.a. 1.005059308461 -5.0366834 0.00002120387350 6.1598870 73.3138 /T 106.6860 70.0/ 43.2465 n.a. n.a. 15027.357 343.53291 57.983132 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Apr-21 17:10 r 09 29 44.54 -29 48 47.3 237.586565 6.059226 n.a. n.a. 1.005087505290 -3.5015388 0.00002075866510 0.6957493 115.8683 /T 64.1311 128.3/ 42.5914 n.a. n.a. 28405.884 218.69426 5.5771679 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Apr-22 14:00 r 16 44 10.46 +11 03 00.3 56.287550 23.690932 n.a. n.a. 1.005334691057 -1.2753621 0.00001301620699 -3.4002007 133.1635 /L 46.8354 78.3/ 33.4344 n.a. n.a. 41325.435 157.28663 -27.60385 2025-Apr-22 14:10 e 23 10 03.23 -52 29 51.2 159.434503 2.141421 n.a. n.a. 1.005321676720 -4.9914988 0.00002328923478 5.7868803 74.4082 /L 105.5914 39.9/ 33.3498 n.a. n.a. 16226.952 69.060902 51.711382 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Apr-22 15:40 r 11 58 53.85 +42 13 39.8 328.020879 2.789592 n.a. n.a. 1.005355276385 0.7432222 0.00002276400546 -5.7777009 118.7007 /T 61.2969 141.4/ 32.6363 n.a. n.a. 16141.344 181.99303 -52.44918 2025-Apr-22 15:50 e 08 55 44.50 -55 56 09.8 218.335469 26.031122 n.a. n.a. 1.005349641236 -3.4401235 0.00001238493082 3.4529181 107.8400 /T 72.1602 106.9/ 32.5624 n.a. n.a. 42474.007 229.29638 28.505324 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Apr-23 12:40 r 17 36 44.21 +06 23 13.1 80.849588 2.020410 n.a. n.a. 1.005594923770 -1.2001538 0.00002334739327 -2.2694148 123.8704 /L 56.1282 74.5/ 24.0924 n.a. n.a. 24931.140 154.14210 -17.87333 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Apr-23 14:20 r 14 41 52.51 +48 25 46.9 9.475732 6.164619 n.a. n.a. 1.005615207029 0.8210792 0.00002058425384 -6.1487849 118.3861 /L 61.6115 116.3/ 23.2425 n.a. n.a. 15877.116 168.92215 -57.27887 2025-Apr-23 14:30 e 19 52 47.49 -66 51 56.5 152.489144 31.464881 n.a. n.a. 1.005609867052 -3.3755250 0.00001108360377 4.8630457 102.7317 /L 77.2688 62.1/ 23.1617 n.a. n.a. 40844.091 109.59774 41.626614 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Apr-23 16:10 r 10 49 59.47 +02 15 20.2 282.694348 14.140401 n.a. n.a. 1.005634353004 -1.5161855 0.00001648947015 -2.8807731 129.4405 /T 50.5583 171.3/ 22.4040 n.a. n.a. 33302.900 198.66781 -23.45946 2025-Apr-23 16:20 e 05 19 46.95 -54 26 24.4 193.439592 1.246111 n.a. n.a. 1.005620497812 -5.1577300 0.00002390356119 4.9919453 78.7044 /T 101.2950 87.6/ 22.3335 n.a. n.a. 17852.320 284.54737 44.062449 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Apr-24 13:10 r 19 23 38.94 -33 04 02.9 123.457472 9.906695 n.a. n.a. 1.005867844621 -3.3078653 0.00001854083062 2.5221852 106.2044 /L 73.7953 61.8/ 14.8258 n.a. n.a. 31077.256 130.98582 19.906637 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Apr-24 14:50 r 13 21 54.35 +04 56 35.7 338.446074 48.446397 n.a. n.a. 1.005892009528 -1.4402346 0.00000849980601 -4.0164635 158.7250 /T 21.2736 150.8/ 14.0896 n.a. n.a. 59219.495 180.47679 -33.42831 2025-Apr-24 15:00 t 01 55 39.75 -57 58 49.8 175.569406 2.666226 n.a. n.a. 1.005878418488 -5.1061952 0.00002289380595 6.2595088 70.9885 /L 109.0111 61.4/ 14.0194 n.a. n.a. 13449.938 358.23160 59.262930 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Apr-24 16:40 r 08 58 42.16 -35 59 47.0 230.990297 7.630392 n.a. n.a. 1.005906250952 -3.5835596 0.00001979263564 1.5049224 107.6559 /T 72.3436 127.0/ 13.3590 n.a. n.a. 29293.964 223.91606 12.121526 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Apr-25 13:30 r 17 02 56.31 +03 29 50.7 69.064784 22.012777 n.a. n.a. 1.006147062173 -1.3625632 0.00001350758166 -2.4470958 134.3407 /L 45.6585 107.1/ 7.3847 n.a. n.a. 42450.156 154.80576 -19.44270 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Apr-25 15:10 r 12 05 23.58 +41 04 09.4 331.232771 6.329004 n.a. n.a. 1.006167227993 0.6507178 0.00002048180818 -5.8536785 118.2629 /T 61.7348 135.9/ 6.8225 n.a. n.a. 17538.870 182.71095 -53.43208 2025-Apr-25 15:20 e 07 45 52.17 -65 53 03.6 205.436106 24.828582 n.a. n.a. 1.006161251123 -3.5140631 0.00001268219679 4.4877416 99.4660 /T 80.5343 101.6/ 6.7688 n.a. n.a. 37123.102 247.69826 38.260131 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Apr-26 12:10 r 17 37 08.14 +02 10 35.0 86.967925 0.597027 n.a. n.a. 1.006399220723 -1.2832737 0.00002433943457 -1.8192100 127.5627 /L 52.4361 110.3/ 2.6857 n.a. n.a. 24413.995 152.17504 -14.20921 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Apr-26 13:50 r 15 01 00.00 +44 26 50.5 16.814793 8.247874 n.a. n.a. 1.006419006791 0.7287290 0.00001935775521 -5.9572981 121.0479 /L 58.9498 120.1/ 2.3333 n.a. n.a. 18140.139 166.54245 -54.52846 2025-Apr-26 14:00 e 20 35 39.65 -62 05 55.0 150.356618 23.596258 n.a. n.a. 1.006413342434 -3.4413157 0.00001302518667 5.0609219 99.6756 /L 80.3248 88.4/ 2.2992 n.a. n.a. 33738.644 102.08597 43.612744 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Apr-26 15:40 r 10 40 07.03 -03 57 11.5 278.722548 19.474015 n.a. n.a. 1.006437299411 -1.5965631 0.00001435085989 -2.3489084 125.9363 /T 54.0628 142.0/ 1.9756 n.a. n.a. 39484.217 200.01921 -18.92786 2025-Apr-26 15:50 e 04 27 44.21 -54 17 45.9 188.757384 -0.261615 n.a. n.a. 1.006423191567 -5.2004882 0.00002496121456 5.3713518 73.4581 /T 106.5413 76.4/ 1.9452 n.a. n.a. 15856.685 297.92375 48.308954 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Apr-27 12:40 r 19 29 21.49 -33 59 20.7 127.196074 6.423088 n.a. n.a. 1.006662303057 -3.3652238 0.00002046093795 2.7332120 107.9373 /L 72.0624 104.5/ 0.2353 n.a. n.a. 27919.713 127.36641 21.594477 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Apr-27 14:20 r 13 59 32.49 -07 04 42.9 359.633189 62.659289 n.a. n.a. 1.006685865609 -1.5155476 0.00000737609511 -2.8837748 171.5900 /T 8.4088 170.9/ 0.1597 n.a. n.a. 75223.346 174.39443 -23.26398 2025-Apr-27 14:30 t 01 21 31.38 -55 02 57.1 172.982999 0.079705 n.a. n.a. 1.006672056391 -5.1374035 0.00002469177813 6.2985169 70.0554 /L 109.9441 71.8/ 0.1536 n.a. n.a. 12371.198 10.016273 59.619361 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Apr-27 16:10 r 08 21 35.03 -42 17 33.7 223.717384 8.671059 n.a. n.a. 1.006699238463 -3.6360975 0.00001916614796 2.3592231 99.6616 /T 80.3379 103.4/ 0.1084 n.a. n.a. 29255.146 230.79476 19.195202 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Apr-28 13:00 r 17 18 41.67 -03 16 23.8 80.339310 19.363725 n.a. n.a. 1.006931153593 -1.4324498 0.00001436731853 -1.5367624 135.3353 /L 44.6641 141.2/ 0.9203 n.a. n.a. 41474.620 152.14959 -12.04049 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Apr-28 14:40 r 12 14 57.74 +39 31 08.1 335.160105 10.267655 n.a. n.a. 1.006950693979 0.5625837 0.00001826046315 -5.9105430 118.4869 /T 61.5109 107.2/ 1.1223 n.a. n.a. 19341.867 182.62840 -54.15882 2025-Apr-28 14:50 e 05 50 43.99 -72 19 40.2 194.235097 22.027376 n.a. n.a. 1.006944448281 -3.5572574 0.00001348012376 5.2606432 93.0169 /T 86.9834 98.3/ 1.1445 n.a. n.a. 30713.853 279.27266 46.429694 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Apr-28 16:30 r 10 05 58.66 -06 34 49.2 263.255955 2.031224 n.a. n.a. 1.006968108300 -1.7410971 0.00002329771465 -1.8914654 116.3655 /T 63.6331 105.5/ 1.3844 n.a. n.a. 24643.038 203.64475 -15.24424 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Apr-29 13:20 r 15 19 08.58 +39 36 21.0 25.043989 10.018194 n.a. n.a. 1.007192264560 0.6427795 0.00001837954227 -5.6583284 124.5086 /L 55.4892 113.8/ 4.6170 n.a. n.a. 20924.163 164.22843 -50.59323 2025-Apr-29 13:30 e 20 54 56.13 -57 57 45.1 149.487328 17.409962 n.a. n.a. 1.007186356329 -3.4746262 0.00001508003546 5.1447062 98.6392 /L 81.3611 120.4/ 4.6594 n.a. n.a. 28829.192 98.716077 44.391191 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Apr-29 15:10 r 10 29 53.33 -12 05 37.1 272.614185 25.669095 n.a. n.a. 1.007209606764 -1.6553790 0.00001240565750 -1.5888343 122.3738 /T 57.6255 100.3/ 5.1142 n.a. n.a. 47154.595 201.30016 -12.66194 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Apr-30 12:10 r 19 32 51.85 -34 36 34.6 130.525414 3.322698 n.a. n.a. 1.007425028527 -3.3882150 0.00002238519643 2.8851312 110.0877 /L 69.9119 147.5/ 10.4204 n.a. n.a. 25369.483 123.92899 22.796753 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Apr-30 13:50 r 14 51 05.73 -21 02 23.7 53.180793 69.716589 n.a. n.a. 1.007447872009 -1.5672356 0.00000702573912 -1.2024682 172.1486 /L 7.8526 148.3/ 10.9912 n.a. n.a. 84930.738 166.64603 -9.462154 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Apr-30 15:30 r 10 46 26.56 +24 37 31.5 301.818339 1.964799 n.a. n.a. 1.007467151694 0.4044342 0.00002328974107 -4.5567791 112.4814 /T 67.5164 73.1/ 11.6405 n.a. n.a. 20097.227 189.65125 -38.84825 2025-Apr-30 15:40 e 07 36 36.06 -48 15 36.9 216.048569 9.051083 n.a. n.a. 1.007460383964 -3.6524166 0.00001891427017 3.2084530 92.2881 /T 87.7115 83.0/ 11.7091 n.a. n.a. 28125.740 239.98626 26.519877 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< $$EOE *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** Column meaning: TIME Times PRIOR to 1962 are UT1, a mean-solar time closely related to the prior but now-deprecated GMT. Times AFTER 1962 are in UTC, the current civil or "wall-clock" time-scale. UTC is kept within 0.9 seconds of UT1 using integer leap-seconds for 1972 and later years. Conversion from the internal Barycentric Dynamical Time (TDB) of solar system dynamics to the non-uniform civil UT time-scale requested for output has not been determined for UTC times after the next July or January 1st. Therefore, the last known leap-second is used as a constant over future intervals. Time tags refer to the UT time-scale conversion from TDB on Earth regardless of observer location within the solar system, although clock rates may differ due to the local gravity field and no analog to "UT" may be defined for that location. Any 'b' symbol in the 1st-column denotes a B.C. date. First-column blank (" ") denotes an A.D. date. CALENDAR SYSTEM Mixed calendar mode was active such that calendar dates after AD 1582-Oct-15 (if any) are in the modern Gregorian system. Dates prior to 1582-Oct-5 (if any) are in the Julian calendar system, which is automatically extended for dates prior to its adoption on 45-Jan-1 BC. The Julian calendar is useful for matching historical dates. The Gregorian calendar more accurately corresponds to the Earth's orbital motion and seasons. A "Gregorian-only" calendar mode is available if such physical events are the primary interest. NOTE: "n.a." in output means quantity "not available" at the print-time. SOLAR PRESENCE (OBSERVING SITE) Time tag is followed by a blank, then a solar-presence condition code: '*' Daylight (refracted solar upper-limb on or above apparent horizon) 'C' Civil twilight/dawn 'N' Nautical twilight/dawn 'A' Astronomical twilight/dawn ' ' Night OR geocentric ephemeris LUNAR PRESENCE WITH TARGET RISE/TRANSIT/SET EVENT MARKER (OBSERVING SITE) The solar-presence code column is immediately followed by another marker: 'm' Refracted upper-limb of Moon on or above apparent horizon ' ' Refracted upper-limb of Moon below apparent horizon OR geocentric The lunar presence marker (an ongoing state) can be over-ridden by a target event marker if an event has occurred since the last output step: 'r' Rise (target body on or went above cut-off RTS elevation) 'e' Elevation max (target body maximum elevation angle has occurred) 't' Transit (target body at or passed through observer meridian) 's' Set (target body on or went below cut-off RTS elevation) RTS MARKERS (TVH) Rise and set are with respect to the reference ellipsoid true visual horizon defined by the elevation cut-off angle. Horizon dip and yellow-light refraction (Earth only) are considered. Accuracy is < or = to twice the requested search step-size. 'R.A._____(ICRF)_____DEC' = Astrometric right ascension and declination of the target center with respect to the observing site (coordinate origin) in the reference frame of the planetary ephemeris (ICRF). Compensated for down-leg light-time delay aberration. Units: RA in hours-minutes-seconds of time, HH MM SS.ff{ffff} DEC in degrees-minutes-seconds of arc, sDD MN SC.f{ffff} 'Azi____(a-app)___Elev' = Airless apparent azimuth and elevation of target center. Compensated for light-time, the gravitational deflection of light, stellar aberration, precession and nutation. Azimuth is measured clockwise from north: North(0) -> East(90) -> South(180) -> West(270) -> North (360) Elevation angle is with respect to a plane perpendicular to the reference surface local zenith direction. TOPOCENTRIC ONLY. Units: DEGREES 'APmag S-brt' = The targets' approximate apparent visual magnitude and surface brightness. For planets and natural satellites, output is restricted to solar phase angles covered by observational data. Outside the observed phase angle range, "n.a." may be output to avoid extrapolation beyond the limit of model validity. For Earth-based observers, the estimated dimming due to atmospheric absorption (extinction) is available as a separate, requestable quantity. Surface brightness is the average airless visual magnitude of a square-arcsecond of the illuminated portion of the apparent disk. It is computed only if the target radius is known. Units: MAGNITUDES & MAGNITUDES PER SQUARE ARCSECOND 'r rdot' = The Sun's apparent range ("r", light-time aberrated) and range-rate ("rdot") relative to the target center, as seen by the observer. A positive "rdot" means the target center was moving away from the Sun, negative means moving toward the Sun. Units: AU and KM/S 'delta deldot' = Apparent range ("delta", light-time aberrated) and range-rate ("delta-dot") of the target center relative to the observer. A positive "deldot" means the target center is moving away from the observer, negative indicates movement toward the observer. Units: AU and KM/S 'S-O-T /r' = Sun-Observer-Target apparent SOLAR ELONGATION ANGLE seen from the observers' location at print-time. The '/r' column provides a code indicating the targets' apparent position relative to the Sun in the observers' sky, as described below: Case A: For an observing location on the surface of a rotating body, that body rotational sense is considered: /T indicates target TRAILS Sun (evening sky: rises and sets AFTER Sun) /L indicates target LEADS Sun (morning sky: rises and sets BEFORE Sun) Case B: For an observing point that does not have a rotational model (such as a spacecraft), the "leading" and "trailing" condition is defined by the observers' heliocentric ORBITAL motion: * If continuing in the observers' current direction of heliocentric motion would encounter the targets' apparent longitude first, followed by the Sun's, the target LEADS the Sun as seen by the observer. * If the Sun's apparent longitude would be encountered first, followed by the targets', the target TRAILS the Sun. Two other codes can be output: /* indicates observer is Sun-centered (undefined) /? Target is aligned with Sun center (no lead or trail) The S-O-T solar elongation angle is numerically the minimum separation angle of the Sun and target in the sky in any direction. It does NOT indicate the amount of separation in the leading or trailing directions, which would be defined along the equator of a spherical coordinate system. Units: DEGREES 'S-T-O' = The Sun-Target-Observer angle; the interior vertex angle at target center formed by a vector from the target to the apparent center of the Sun (at reflection time on the target) and the apparent vector from target to the observer at print-time. Slightly different from true PHASE ANGLE (requestable separately) at the few arcsecond level in that it includes stellar aberration on the down-leg from target to observer. Units: DEGREES 'T-O-M/MN_Illu%' = Target-Observer-Moon LUNAR ELONGATION angle and illuminated percentage. The apparent lunar elongation angle between target body center and Moon center, seen from the observing site, along with fraction of the lunar disk illuminated by the Sun. A negative lunar elongation angle indicates the target center is behind the Moon. Units: DEGREES & PERCENT 'RA_3sigma DEC_3sigma' = Uncertainty in Right-Ascension and Declination. Output values are the formal +/- 3 standard-deviations (sigmas) around nominal position. Units: ARCSECONDS 'Sky_motion Sky_mot_PA RelVel-ANG' = Total apparent angular rate of the target in the plane-of-sky. "Sky_mot_PA" is the position angle of the target's direction of motion in the plane-of-sky, measured counter-clockwise from the apparent of-date north pole direction. "RelVel-ANG" is the flight path angle of the target's relative motion with respect to the observer's line-of-sight, in the range [-90,+90], where positive values indicate motion away from the observer, negative values are toward the observer: -90 = target is moving directly toward the observer 0 = target is moving at right angles to the observer's line-of-sight +90 = target is moving directly away from the observer UNITS: ARCSECONDS/MINUTE, DEGREES, DEGREES Computations by ... Solar System Dynamics Group, Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Pasadena, CA 91109 USA General site: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ Mailing list: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/email_list.html System news : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/news.html User Guide : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/manual.html Connect : browser https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/app.html#/x API https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/doc/horizons.html command-line telnet ssd.jpl.nasa.gov 6775 e-mail/batch https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/horizons_batch.txt scripts https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/SCRIPTS Author : Jon.D.Giorgini@jpl.nasa.gov ***************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************