API VERSION: 1.2 API SOURCE: NASA/JPL Horizons API ******************************************************************************* Revised: Jul 14, 2025 1985-110B Spacecraft / (Earth) -116292 SL-8 R/B: Discarded rocket body from COSMOS 1704 launch Launched 1985-Nov-28, Plesetsk Missile and Space Complex, USSR/CIS Period: ~104.6 minutes ******************************************************************************* ******************************************************************************* Ephemeris / API_USER Tue Jul 15 01:08:33 2025 Pasadena, USA / Horizons ******************************************************************************* Target body name: COSMOS 1704 RB (spacecraft) (-116292) {source: 1985-110B} Center body name: Earth (399) {source: DE441} Center-site name: SATINO Remote Observatory, Haute Provence ******************************************************************************* Start time : A.D. 2025-Jul-06 00:00:00.0000 UT Stop time : A.D. 2025-Jul-20 00:00:00.0000 UT Step-size : 10 minutes ******************************************************************************* Target pole/equ : undefined Target radii : undefined Center geodetic : 5.7124, 43.9320269, .703985 {E-lon(deg),Lat(deg),Alt(km)} Center cylindric: 5.7124, 4601.22659, 4403.14405 {E-lon(deg),Dxy(km),Dz(km)} Center pole/equ : ITRF93 {East-longitude positive} Center radii : 6378.137, 6378.137, 6356.752 km {Equator_a, b, pole_c} Target primary : Earth Vis. interferer : MOON (R_eq= 1737.400) km {source: DE441} Rel. light bend : Sun {source: DE441} Rel. lght bnd GM: 1.3271E+11 km^3/s^2 Atmos refraction: NO (AIRLESS) RA format : HMS Time format : CAL Calendar mode : Mixed Julian/Gregorian RTS-only print : NO EOP file : eop.250714.p251010 EOP coverage : DATA-BASED 1962-JAN-20 TO 2025-JUL-14. PREDICTS-> 2025-OCT-09 Units conversion: 1 au= 149597870.700 km, c= 299792.458 km/s, 1 day= 86400.0 s Table cut-offs 1: Elevation ( 0.0deg=YES),Airmass (>38.000=NO), Daylight (YES) Table cut-offs 2: Solar elongation ( 12.0,180.0=YES),Local Hour Angle( 0.0=NO ) Table cut-offs 3: RA/DEC angular rate ( 0.0=NO ) *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** Date__(UT)__HR:MN R.A._____(ICRF)_____DEC Azi____(a-app)___Elev APmag S-brt r rdot delta deldot S-O-T /r S-T-O T-O-M/MN_Illu% RA_3sigma DEC_3sigma Sky_motion Sky_mot_PA RelVel-ANG *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** $$SOE >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-06 02:10 A 02 08 09.34 +14 07 56.1 93.416751 24.283599 n.a. n.a. 1.016639491470 -5.5675641 0.00001262673617 -0.9573216 69.2429 /L 110.7559 165.0/ 78.8694 n.a. n.a. 47995.486 37.176568 -7.447046 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-06 03:50 Cr 21 07 38.83 -28 25 14.9 207.075937 12.607551 n.a. n.a. 1.016648776584 -5.0800094 0.00001696737116 -5.9034170 150.9099 /L 29.0889 80.0/ 79.4470 n.a. n.a. 20895.686 353.73001 -54.02110 >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-07 00:50 r 02 24 27.58 +07 47 35.5 82.232483 3.341171 n.a. n.a. 1.016629541916 -5.6539249 0.00002217842892 -1.2298632 68.5829 /L 111.4153 153.1/ 85.7025 n.a. n.a. 27440.427 39.795987 -9.492404 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-07 02:30 Ar 23 39 50.23 -29 08 40.7 156.150396 13.063011 n.a. n.a. 1.016638678224 -5.1249663 0.00001674302967 -5.6841636 118.6117 /L 61.3868 98.4/ 86.1186 n.a. n.a. 22966.246 20.796712 -50.72491 2025-Jul-07 02:40 Ae 07 09 03.13 +54 17 19.6 24.478029 14.873131 n.a. n.a. 1.016616213049 -5.7401053 0.00001587019112 5.5814163 31.6989 /T 148.3010 134.2/ 86.1638 n.a. n.a. 25113.565 109.38855 49.197962 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-08 01:10 r 01 01 58.21 -20 37 28.3 120.864113 1.598420 n.a. n.a. 1.016625137508 -5.1665482 0.00002339155522 -4.2863621 99.1847 /L 80.8133 107.9/ 91.7747 n.a. n.a. 21298.408 26.203804 -35.44024 2025-Jul-08 01:20 e 05 10 34.18 +37 17 22.5 40.150138 4.772371 n.a. n.a. 1.016602335288 -5.8617829 0.00002118052906 3.6431041 29.3656 /L 150.6333 169.1/ 91.8046 n.a. n.a. 25453.202 74.376247 29.203074 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-08 03:00 Nt 23 47 41.09 +43 21 25.1 84.673960 75.426311 n.a. n.a. 1.016612004668 -5.8034699 0.00000672592946 0.2750507 88.3044 /L 91.6952 119.6/ 92.1297 n.a. n.a. 90073.742 19.163678 2.1485060 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-09 01:40 r 02 29 38.77 +19 21 38.5 82.374227 20.582355 n.a. n.a. 1.016594780228 -5.8874297 0.00001372585613 -0.0321980 65.5761 /L 114.4227 136.1/ 96.3327 n.a. n.a. 44630.152 41.534215 -0.251340 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-09 03:20 Nr 21 16 27.53 -25 10 49.1 202.321866 17.697679 n.a. n.a. 1.016603789627 -5.3430759 0.00001477663297 -5.8691334 151.6775 /L 28.3215 47.4/ 96.5514 n.a. n.a. 24333.144 355.98152 -53.47800 2025-Jul-09 03:30 Ct 10 59 26.22 +60 58 12.1 0.147703 14.769847 n.a. n.a. 1.016580400439 -5.9692065 0.00001588162866 5.9705162 54.5583 /T 125.4416 120.3/ 96.5749 n.a. n.a. 21833.225 201.78053 54.929317 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-10 00:20 r 02 28 13.28 +11 07 17.5 76.054390 1.765344 n.a. n.a. 1.016574386520 -5.9672913 0.00002321202420 -0.7942223 69.3749 /L 110.6233 120.3/ 98.9682 n.a. n.a. 26499.386 42.489167 -6.098669 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-10 02:00 Ar 23 57 24.17 -23 41 09.7 146.354417 15.008419 n.a. n.a. 1.016583268357 -5.3842412 0.00001584135446 -5.2385192 116.1159 /L 63.8826 70.7/ 99.0633 n.a. n.a. 26963.964 23.894804 -45.41288 2025-Jul-10 02:10 Ae 07 06 16.85 +50 20 52.7 24.341152 10.287680 n.a. n.a. 1.016559552894 -6.0860724 0.00001797747170 5.6065552 28.1687 /L 151.8310 157.7/ 99.0733 n.a. n.a. 22162.190 108.73299 49.335040 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-10 03:50 Cr 18 33 50.18 +38 02 08.0 290.606733 36.498072 n.a. n.a. 1.016569119824 -6.0345353 0.00000987987580 0.3632649 118.8611 /T 61.1391 66.6/ 99.1794 n.a. n.a. 60765.907 326.38616 2.8634937 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-11 00:40 r 01 06 13.43 -15 57 58.3 113.772090 1.443235 n.a. n.a. 1.016559662863 -5.4220236 0.00002345293113 -3.8454239 99.2060 /L 80.7921 77.3/ 99.7734 n.a. n.a. 22336.529 28.029759 -31.26762 2025-Jul-11 00:50 e 05 13 49.77 +36 44 22.6 36.905709 1.903483 n.a. n.a. 1.016535636723 -6.1986929 0.00002304981302 3.7486277 31.0532 /L 148.9456 149.3/ 99.7729 n.a. n.a. 23252.909 77.850620 30.049922 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-11 02:30 Ar 01 21 07.28 +53 12 10.9 55.890866 57.477037 n.a. n.a. 1.016545149674 -6.1156604 0.00000752695374 2.0679471 72.4355 /L 107.5642 109.2/ 99.7656 n.a. n.a. 77442.845 37.623622 16.353222 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-12 01:10 r 02 47 45.83 +23 19 18.4 73.363242 16.769223 n.a. n.a. 1.016518146112 -6.1923536 0.00001506445557 0.7214822 63.2902 /L 116.7086 103.3/ 98.3775 n.a. n.a. 40568.673 45.960811 5.5755008 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-12 02:50 Nr 21 29 46.87 -20 51 38.8 196.010065 23.745878 n.a. n.a. 1.016526936383 -5.6033596 0.00001272732948 -5.7449278 151.0249 /L 28.9743 13.9/ 98.2636 n.a. n.a. 29410.552 359.70970 -51.77540 2025-Jul-12 03:00 Nt 10 07 50.88 +56 48 29.2 4.793645 10.877806 n.a. n.a. 1.016502333653 -6.2962915 0.00001764634205 6.1883885 45.6975 /T 134.3023 142.2/ 98.2513 n.a. n.a. 18248.313 184.90260 57.829288 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-12 23:50 r 02 31 10.84 +14 01 07.6 70.342542 0.156779 n.a. n.a. 1.016488107193 -6.2650745 0.00002432756575 -0.4126113 70.5782 /L 109.4200 83.5/ 94.9294 n.a. n.a. 25454.595 45.280276 -3.156723 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-13 01:30 r 00 15 09.43 -17 33 58.3 135.624128 16.295253 n.a. n.a. 1.016496763857 -5.6401802 0.00001526814029 -4.6413936 113.1150 /L 66.8836 40.9/ 94.7159 n.a. n.a. 31013.877 26.607644 -39.03625 2025-Jul-13 01:40 e 07 01 37.25 +47 07 17.4 23.772806 6.407785 n.a. n.a. 1.016471863910 -6.4034134 0.00002009283160 5.5985461 25.8654 /L 154.1341 139.9/ 94.6945 n.a. n.a. 19981.070 108.51366 49.077984 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-13 03:20 Ne 17 54 38.90 +53 14 09.6 310.010532 40.101644 n.a. n.a. 1.016481267370 -6.3359859 0.00000928703088 2.0417088 102.1619 /T 77.8382 85.0/ 94.4721 n.a. n.a. 62226.463 318.28202 16.290618 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-14 00:10 r 01 09 46.50 -11 24 46.1 106.794799 1.036238 n.a. n.a. 1.016463486920 -5.6736699 0.00002370071783 -3.3890150 99.4817 /L 80.5165 43.4/ 89.1556 n.a. n.a. 23061.482 29.915233 -27.15418 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-14 01:50 r 22 35 06.78 -44 58 52.6 170.290434 0.382628 n.a. n.a. 1.016470349046 -4.5805979 0.00002419606202 -6.2404748 136.2279 /L 43.7703 31.8/ 88.8331 n.a. n.a. 13169.266 13.285772 -58.31524 2025-Jul-14 02:00 Ae 02 51 16.69 +55 35 26.7 47.706869 42.501183 n.a. n.a. 1.016447631291 -6.4094469 0.00000894950375 3.2476832 61.2725 /L 118.7272 89.8/ 88.8013 n.a. n.a. 61038.823 55.978522 26.186442 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-14 03:40 Cr 19 28 49.45 -09 38 46.6 241.905461 13.587710 n.a. n.a. 1.016456310869 -5.8218883 0.00001640103315 -4.4132294 167.8966 /T 12.1041 41.2/ 88.4769 n.a. n.a. 29126.740 340.43678 -37.39011 2025-Jul-14 03:50 Ce 12 46 37.02 +52 01 42.2 349.855481 6.875323 n.a. n.a. 1.016430854745 -6.4906649 0.00001979772554 5.1387047 65.9503 /T 114.0492 130.8/ 88.4431 n.a. n.a. 21263.970 245.68342 45.279423 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-15 00:40 r 03 02 31.50 +26 13 27.9 65.947951 13.130011 n.a. n.a. 1.016410776745 -6.4788077 0.00001656648714 1.3156303 62.1872 /L 117.8116 67.3/ 81.2940 n.a. n.a. 36570.628 50.337501 10.181779 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-15 02:20 Ar 21 49 07.94 -14 58 03.6 187.074018 30.941964 n.a. n.a. 1.016419299730 -5.8575395 0.00001089800198 -5.4512476 148.0692 /L 31.9302 20.1/ 80.8686 n.a. n.a. 37126.075 4.8979184 -48.10130 2025-Jul-15 02:30 At 09 31 13.01 +52 47 16.5 8.009423 7.273961 n.a. n.a. 1.016393560438 -6.5922331 0.00001955456266 6.2977178 38.0951 /T 141.9046 130.5/ 80.8271 n.a. n.a. 15843.328 172.03645 59.261322 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-16 01:00 r 00 32 31.91 -11 03 55.0 124.364310 16.737356 n.a. n.a. 1.016378883048 -5.8898418 0.00001504929129 -3.9108889 109.8316 /L 70.1672 14.3/ 71.7363 n.a. n.a. 34430.495 29.122640 -31.97923 2025-Jul-16 01:10 e 06 55 52.84 +44 24 07.8 22.895933 3.039988 n.a. n.a. 1.016352876664 -6.6893202 0.00002219891187 5.5697978 24.8278 /L 155.1715 101.9/ 71.6823 n.a. n.a. 18309.956 108.69834 48.581473 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-16 02:40 Ar 20 39 11.95 -40 23 41.0 202.196346 1.626665 n.a. n.a. 1.016385573883 -4.7867443 0.00002326509918 -6.1824623 157.3736 /L 22.6249 59.5/ 71.2174 n.a. n.a. 13875.617 358.56056 -57.74074 2025-Jul-16 02:50 Ne 16 37 52.45 +67 55 13.9 331.066344 38.962389 n.a. n.a. 1.016362001867 -6.6166726 0.00000942425871 3.6342388 84.5873 /T 95.4127 97.5/ 71.1676 n.a. n.a. 55477.568 299.01086 29.899471 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-16 23:40 r 01 12 40.83 -07 04 00.7 100.028890 0.393706 n.a. n.a. 1.016334846278 -5.9188571 0.00002412073304 -2.9332617 100.0284 /L 79.9699 14.9/ 61.5638 n.a. n.a. 23462.554 31.890390 -23.20741 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-17 01:20 r 22 47 22.60 -41 45 16.0 164.172462 2.325576 n.a. n.a. 1.016341270638 -4.7818348 0.00002276072600 -6.1243560 136.7286 /L 43.2697 54.3/ 60.8942 n.a. n.a. 14727.028 16.071857 -56.51039 2025-Jul-17 01:30 e 03 52 29.13 +54 00 31.0 43.268875 31.543017 n.a. n.a. 1.016317573749 -6.6822806 0.00001072659231 3.9412399 54.4205 /L 125.5791 61.5/ 60.8318 n.a. n.a. 48072.887 68.541809 32.302130 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-17 03:10 Nr 19 21 51.40 -04 22 38.4 243.218802 19.410669 n.a. n.a. 1.016325883609 -6.0719463 0.00001404168123 -4.1013232 162.2052 /T 17.7954 81.3/ 60.2440 n.a. n.a. 35401.165 339.71460 -34.31645 2025-Jul-17 03:20 Ne 11 52 44.63 +50 36 38.3 355.158339 4.635850 n.a. n.a. 1.016299347730 -6.7633648 0.00002113611128 5.5641185 55.9958 /T 124.0036 121.9/ 60.1881 n.a. n.a. 18164.947 231.73342 50.168544 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-18 00:10 r 03 14 12.60 +28 18 27.8 59.715975 9.771754 n.a. n.a. 1.016269262874 -6.7437665 0.00001817427118 1.7773093 62.0360 /L 117.9628 29.1/ 49.9786 n.a. n.a. 32973.912 54.589994 13.782577 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-18 01:50 t 22 16 16.82 -06 56 07.0 173.519868 39.055228 n.a. n.a. 1.016277348050 -6.1025932 0.00000941127081 -4.8509332 141.7772 /L 38.2224 52.8/ 49.2561 n.a. n.a. 48368.798 11.113371 -41.39759 2025-Jul-18 02:00 Ae 09 03 21.38 +49 08 48.1 10.162411 3.975245 n.a. n.a. 1.016250560887 -6.8545948 0.00002155428085 6.3376209 31.7159 /T 148.2838 94.5/ 49.1891 n.a. n.a. 14237.574 162.19319 59.657830 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-18 03:40 Cr 16 30 35.05 +41 12 26.6 312.164603 16.232700 n.a. n.a. 1.016259375461 -6.8119943 0.00001519270164 1.6871485 102.5355 /T 77.4643 112.8/ 48.5627 n.a. n.a. 38247.288 306.66173 13.505474 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-19 00:30 r 00 48 58.96 -04 33 42.9 113.132809 16.280513 n.a. n.a. 1.016224625860 -6.1298436 0.00001518860407 -3.0954552 106.5828 /L 73.4161 32.7/ 38.3413 n.a. n.a. 36607.968 31.654486 -24.72718 2025-Jul-19 00:40 e 06 49 26.76 +42 03 17.7 21.786647 0.061637 n.a. n.a. 1.016197603753 -6.9412580 0.00002428123728 5.5267277 25.0483 /L 154.9509 60.4/ 38.2623 n.a. n.a. 16994.658 109.20812 47.930331 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-19 02:10 Ar 20 46 14.81 -38 38 58.7 198.133253 4.851951 n.a. n.a. 1.016230750452 -4.9927567 0.00002105341739 -6.2351910 158.8988 /L 21.0998 98.1/ 37.5984 n.a. n.a. 15047.284 359.58455 -58.44303 2025-Jul-19 02:20 Ae 13 37 45.03 +76 27 30.7 348.051246 33.877375 n.a. n.a. 1.016206223100 -6.8733460 0.00001024908326 4.8172994 68.8120 /T 111.1879 85.0/ 37.5297 n.a. n.a. 44310.071 251.82966 41.267313 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-19 04:00 Cr 18 30 39.20 +01 40 45.2 267.701006 4.828971 n.a. n.a. 1.016214209735 -6.2810425 0.00002104509112 -3.1514408 149.6532 /T 30.3470 118.1/ 36.8932 n.a. n.a. 25571.383 333.79238 -25.84930 >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-19 23:10 r 01 14 57.87 -02 58 55.9 93.533552 -0.433795 n.a. n.a. 1.016167434320 -6.1536877 0.00002469214526 -2.4910320 100.8470 /L 79.1513 39.5/ 28.0760 n.a. n.a. 23564.336 33.971550 -19.50152 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< $$EOE *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** Column meaning: TIME Times PRIOR to 1962 are UT1, a mean-solar time closely related to the prior but now-deprecated GMT. Times AFTER 1962 are in UTC, the current civil or "wall-clock" time-scale. UTC is kept within 0.9 seconds of UT1 using integer leap-seconds for 1972 and later years. Conversion from the internal Barycentric Dynamical Time (TDB) of solar system dynamics to the non-uniform civil UT time-scale requested for output has not been determined for UTC times after the next July or January 1st. Therefore, the last known leap-second is used as a constant over future intervals. Time tags refer to the UT time-scale conversion from TDB on Earth regardless of observer location within the solar system, although clock rates may differ due to the local gravity field and no analog to "UT" may be defined for that location. Any 'b' symbol in the 1st-column denotes a B.C. date. First-column blank (" ") denotes an A.D. date. CALENDAR SYSTEM Mixed calendar mode was active such that calendar dates after AD 1582-Oct-15 (if any) are in the modern Gregorian system. Dates prior to 1582-Oct-5 (if any) are in the Julian calendar system, which is automatically extended for dates prior to its adoption on 45-Jan-1 BC. The Julian calendar is useful for matching historical dates. The Gregorian calendar more accurately corresponds to the Earth's orbital motion and seasons. A "Gregorian-only" calendar mode is available if such physical events are the primary interest. NOTE: "n.a." in output means quantity "not available" at the print-time. SOLAR PRESENCE (OBSERVING SITE) Time tag is followed by a blank, then a solar-presence condition code: '*' Daylight (refracted solar upper-limb on or above apparent horizon) 'C' Civil twilight/dawn 'N' Nautical twilight/dawn 'A' Astronomical twilight/dawn ' ' Night OR geocentric ephemeris LUNAR PRESENCE WITH TARGET RISE/TRANSIT/SET EVENT MARKER (OBSERVING SITE) The solar-presence code column is immediately followed by another marker: 'm' Refracted upper-limb of Moon on or above apparent horizon ' ' Refracted upper-limb of Moon below apparent horizon OR geocentric The lunar presence marker (an ongoing state) can be over-ridden by a target event marker if an event has occurred since the last output step: 'r' Rise (target body on or went above cut-off RTS elevation) 'e' Elevation max (target body maximum elevation angle has occurred) 't' Transit (target body at or passed through observer meridian) 's' Set (target body on or went below cut-off RTS elevation) RTS MARKERS (TVH) Rise and set are with respect to the reference ellipsoid true visual horizon defined by the elevation cut-off angle. Horizon dip and yellow-light refraction (Earth only) are considered. Accuracy is < or = to twice the requested search step-size. 'R.A._____(ICRF)_____DEC' = Astrometric right ascension and declination of the target center with respect to the observing site (coordinate origin) in the reference frame of the planetary ephemeris (ICRF). Compensated for down-leg light-time delay aberration. Units: RA in hours-minutes-seconds of time, HH MM SS.ff{ffff} DEC in degrees-minutes-seconds of arc, sDD MN SC.f{ffff} 'Azi____(a-app)___Elev' = Airless apparent azimuth and elevation of target center. Compensated for light-time, the gravitational deflection of light, stellar aberration, precession and nutation. Azimuth is measured clockwise from north: North(0) -> East(90) -> South(180) -> West(270) -> North (360) Elevation angle is with respect to a plane perpendicular to the reference surface local zenith direction. TOPOCENTRIC ONLY. Units: DEGREES 'APmag S-brt' = The targets' approximate apparent visual magnitude and surface brightness. For planets and natural satellites, output is restricted to solar phase angles covered by observational data. Outside the observed phase angle range, "n.a." may be output to avoid extrapolation beyond the limit of model validity. For Earth-based observers, the estimated dimming due to atmospheric absorption (extinction) is available as a separate, requestable quantity. Surface brightness is the average airless visual magnitude of a square-arcsecond of the illuminated portion of the apparent disk. It is computed only if the target radius is known. Units: MAGNITUDES & MAGNITUDES PER SQUARE ARCSECOND 'r rdot' = The Sun's apparent range ("r", light-time aberrated) and range-rate ("rdot") relative to the target center, as seen by the observer. A positive "rdot" means the target center was moving away from the Sun, negative means moving toward the Sun. Units: AU and KM/S 'delta deldot' = Apparent range ("delta", light-time aberrated) and range-rate ("delta-dot") of the target center relative to the observer. A positive "deldot" means the target center is moving away from the observer, negative indicates movement toward the observer. Units: AU and KM/S 'S-O-T /r' = Sun-Observer-Target apparent SOLAR ELONGATION ANGLE seen from the observers' location at print-time. The '/r' column provides a code indicating the targets' apparent position relative to the Sun in the observers' sky, as described below: Case A: For an observing location on the surface of a rotating body, that body rotational sense is considered: /T indicates target TRAILS Sun (evening sky: rises and sets AFTER Sun) /L indicates target LEADS Sun (morning sky: rises and sets BEFORE Sun) Case B: For an observing point that does not have a rotational model (such as a spacecraft), the "leading" and "trailing" condition is defined by the observers' heliocentric ORBITAL motion: * If continuing in the observers' current direction of heliocentric motion would encounter the targets' apparent longitude first, followed by the Sun's, the target LEADS the Sun as seen by the observer. * If the Sun's apparent longitude would be encountered first, followed by the targets', the target TRAILS the Sun. Two other codes can be output: /* indicates observer is Sun-centered (undefined) /? Target is aligned with Sun center (no lead or trail) The S-O-T solar elongation angle is numerically the minimum separation angle of the Sun and target in the sky in any direction. It does NOT indicate the amount of separation in the leading or trailing directions, which would be defined along the equator of a spherical coordinate system. Units: DEGREES 'S-T-O' = The Sun-Target-Observer angle; the interior vertex angle at target center formed by a vector from the target to the apparent center of the Sun (at reflection time on the target) and the apparent vector from target to the observer at print-time. Slightly different from true PHASE ANGLE (requestable separately) at the few arcsecond level in that it includes stellar aberration on the down-leg from target to observer. Units: DEGREES 'T-O-M/MN_Illu%' = Target-Observer-Moon LUNAR ELONGATION angle and illuminated percentage. The apparent lunar elongation angle between target body center and Moon center, seen from the observing site, along with fraction of the lunar disk illuminated by the Sun. A negative lunar elongation angle indicates the target center is behind the Moon. Units: DEGREES & PERCENT 'RA_3sigma DEC_3sigma' = Uncertainty in Right-Ascension and Declination. Output values are the formal +/- 3 standard-deviations (sigmas) around nominal position. Units: ARCSECONDS 'Sky_motion Sky_mot_PA RelVel-ANG' = Total apparent angular rate of the target in the plane-of-sky. "Sky_mot_PA" is the position angle of the target's direction of motion in the plane-of-sky, measured counter-clockwise from the apparent of-date north pole direction. "RelVel-ANG" is the flight path angle of the target's relative motion with respect to the observer's line-of-sight, in the range [-90,+90], where positive values indicate motion away from the observer, negative values are toward the observer: -90 = target is moving directly toward the observer 0 = target is moving at right angles to the observer's line-of-sight +90 = target is moving directly away from the observer UNITS: ARCSECONDS/MINUTE, DEGREES, DEGREES Computations by ... Solar System Dynamics Group, Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Pasadena, CA 91109 USA General site: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ Mailing list: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/email_list.html System news : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/news.html User Guide : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/manual.html Connect : browser https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/app.html#/x API https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/doc/horizons.html command-line telnet ssd.jpl.nasa.gov 6775 e-mail/batch https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/horizons_batch.txt scripts https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/SCRIPTS Author : Jon.D.Giorgini@jpl.nasa.gov ***************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************