API VERSION: 1.2 API SOURCE: NASA/JPL Horizons API ******************************************************************************* JPL/HORIZONS (2024 MK) 2024-Nov-10 22:35:13 Rec #:50668414 (+COV) Soln.date: 2024-Oct-22_06:24:37 # obs: 457 (2014-2024) IAU76/J2000 helio. ecliptic osc. elements (au, days, deg., period=Julian yrs): EPOCH= 2460310.5 ! 2024-Jan-01.00 (TDB) Residual RMS= .20969 EC= .5478233410356103 QR= 1.009112187050686 TP= 2460501.980307166 OM= 277.8908474784557 W= 13.21709453703627 IN= 8.453910018575785 A= 2.231676861344045 MA= 303.3915552212263 ADIST= 3.454241535637404 PER= 3.33392 N= .295635857 ANGMOM= .021498683 DAN= 1.01866 DDN= 3.34683 L= 290.9692933 B= 1.9262703 MOID= .00259177 TP= 2024-Jul-10.4803071660 Asteroid physical parameters (km, seconds, rotational period in hours): GM= n.a. RAD= n.a. ROTPER= n.a. H= 22.01 G= .150 B-V= n.a. ALBEDO= n.a. STYP= n.a. ASTEROID comments: 1: soln ref.= JPL#43, OCC=0 radar( 3 delay, 2 Dop.) 2: source=ORB ******************************************************************************* ******************************************************************************* Ephemeris / API_USER Sun Nov 10 22:35:13 2024 Pasadena, USA / Horizons ******************************************************************************* Target body name: (2024 MK) {source: JPL#43} Center body name: Earth (399) {source: DE441} Center-site name: AUTH Observatory, Thessaloniki ******************************************************************************* Start time : A.D. 2024-Jun-28 00:00:00.0000 UT+03:00 Stop time : A.D. 2024-Jul-02 00:00:00.0000 UT+03:00 Step-size : 60 minutes ******************************************************************************* Target pole/equ : undefined Target radii : undefined Center geodetic : 22.9589, 40.6307043, .0900545 {E-lon(deg),Lat(deg),Alt(km)} Center cylindric: 22.9589, 4847.46468, 4131.4444 {E-lon(deg),Dxy(km),Dz(km)} Center pole/equ : ITRF93 {East-longitude positive} Center radii : 6378.137, 6378.137, 6356.752 km {Equator_a, b, pole_c} Target primary : Sun Vis. interferer : MOON (R_eq= 1737.400) km {source: DE441} Rel. light bend : Sun {source: DE441} Rel. lght bnd GM: 1.3271E+11 km^3/s^2 Small-body perts: Yes {source: SB441-N16} Atmos refraction: NO (AIRLESS) RA format : HMS Time format : CAL Calendar mode : Mixed Julian/Gregorian Time zone : UT+03:00 EOP file : eop.241108.p250204 EOP coverage : DATA-BASED 1962-JAN-20 TO 2024-NOV-08. PREDICTS-> 2025-FEB-03 Units conversion: 1 au= 149597870.700 km, c= 299792.458 km/s, 1 day= 86400.0 s Table cut-offs 1: Elevation ( 0.0deg=YES),Airmass (>38.000=NO), Daylight (YES) Table cut-offs 2: Solar elongation ( 0.0,180.0=NO ),Local Hour Angle( 0.0=NO ) Table cut-offs 3: RA/DEC angular rate ( 0.0=NO ) ******************************************************************************* Initial IAU76/J2000 heliocentric ecliptic osculating elements (au, days, deg.): EPOCH= 2460310.5 ! 2024-Jan-01.00 (TDB) Residual RMS= .20969 EC= .5478233410356103 QR= 1.009112187050686 TP= 2460501.980307166 OM= 277.8908474784557 W= 13.21709453703627 IN= 8.453910018575785 Equivalent ICRF heliocentric cartesian coordinates (au, au/d): X=-2.130192933042263E+00 Y= 4.868526603865175E-01 Z=-1.218836533307087E-01 VX= 4.517036198578933E-03 VY=-1.011029059143856E-02 VZ=-3.899325573293370E-03 Asteroid physical parameters (km, seconds, rotational period in hours): GM= n.a. RAD= n.a. ROTPER= n.a. H= 22.01 G= .150 B-V= n.a. ALBEDO= n.a. STYP= n.a. *********************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** Date_(ZONE)_HR:MN R.A._____(ICRF)_____DEC Azi____(a-app)___Elev APmag S-brt delta deldot S-O-T /r S-T-O Cnst Sky_motion Sky_mot_PA RelVel-ANG Lun_Sky_Brt sky_SNR *********************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** $$SOE >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< 2024-Jun-28 22:00 N 15 20 27.89 -47 24 38.9 176.470914 1.744924 12.097 n.a. 0.00463943407236 -8.4118756 135.1306 /T 44.6838 Lup 64.693628 81.450238 -66.66876 n.a. n.a. 2024-Jun-28 23:00 A 15 27 01.96 -47 13 26.1 185.532758 1.757532 11.971 n.a. 0.00443856877428 -8.2790723 136.2220 /T 43.6038 Lup 70.943751 79.209574 -65.30865 n.a. n.a. 2024-Jun-29 00:00 15 34 11.03 -46 58 15.2 194.408964 0.266113 11.839 n.a. 0.00424101603031 -8.1366801 137.4290 /T 42.4082 Lup 78.437832 77.025901 -63.70102 n.a. n.a. >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2024-Jun-29 22:00 N 21 13 52.88 +09 57 46.1 80.752134 4.683894 10.731 n.a. 0.00228772709155 4.3730070 129.0252 /L 50.8764 Equ 293.74549 42.583881 28.297326 n.a. n.a. 2024-Jun-29 23:00 A 21 26 46.85 +13 22 44.7 85.589414 15.772889 10.966 n.a. 0.00240076692702 5.0086045 124.4351 /L 55.4551 Peg 264.59467 42.755713 33.117361 n.a. n.a. 2024-Jun-30 00:00 21 38 33.55 +16 25 57.7 90.787862 26.841369 11.198 n.a. 0.00252812955090 5.5649615 120.3213 /L 59.5575 Peg 236.51582 43.050199 37.595145 n.a. n.a. 2024-Jun-30 01:00 21 49 17.09 +19 08 22.9 96.684629 37.841665 11.424 n.a. 0.00266801897736 6.0514995 116.6584 /L 63.2090 Peg 210.37391 43.460710 41.731832 n.a. n.a. 2024-Jun-30 02:00 m 21 59 02.47 +21 31 31.6 103.903961 48.693519 11.642 n.a. 0.00281887424637 6.4780461 113.4095 /L 66.4465 Peg 186.62960 43.993451 45.530954 0.485 n.a. 2024-Jun-30 03:00 m 22 07 55.24 +23 37 11.2 113.830496 59.220512 11.853 n.a. 0.00297936187708 6.8535215 110.5327 /L 69.3118 Peg 165.45754 44.663731 48.995175 0.590 n.a. 2024-Jun-30 04:00 Am 22 16 01.18 +25 27 12.8 130.154128 68.926578 12.054 n.a. 0.00314834500570 7.1852830 107.9846 /L 71.8485 Peg 146.84770 45.490639 52.125471 0.672 n.a. 2024-Jun-30 05:00 Nm 22 23 26.00 +27 03 24.7 162.998307 76.033170 12.247 n.a. 0.00332484275726 7.4789367 105.7229 /L 74.0986 Peg 130.67963 46.490694 54.922068 n.a. n.a. >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2024-Jun-30 22:00 N 23 39 00.41 +38 14 41.7 38.334510 2.289018 14.502 n.a. 0.00680522272144 8.6344001 86.9032 /L 92.7153 And 36.300451 57.914642 70.922668 n.a. n.a. 2024-Jun-30 23:00 A 23 41 30.75 +38 33 28.9 46.677309 9.921342 14.590 n.a. 0.00701285305256 8.6256387 86.3558 /L 93.2512 And 33.584638 56.976642 71.733931 n.a. n.a. 2024-Jul-01 00:00 23 43 48.66 +38 51 16.3 54.114195 18.578204 14.675 n.a. 0.00722042815590 8.6301316 85.8542 /L 93.7414 And 30.943882 56.045796 72.622629 n.a. n.a. 2024-Jul-01 01:00 23 45 54.69 +39 08 01.0 60.785715 28.022310 14.756 n.a. 0.00742828610882 8.6492959 85.3968 /L 94.1873 And 28.407867 55.207362 73.568398 n.a. n.a. 2024-Jul-01 02:00 23 47 49.60 +39 23 39.7 66.843128 38.061632 14.834 n.a. 0.00763678618285 8.6834663 84.9813 /L 94.5913 And 26.008670 54.558715 74.544165 n.a. n.a. 2024-Jul-01 03:00 m 23 49 34.44 +39 38 09.3 72.431859 48.542513 14.909 n.a. 0.00784628236480 8.7318707 84.6048 /L 94.9563 And 23.779050 54.206205 75.517768 0.394 n.a. 2024-Jul-01 04:00 Am 23 51 10.42 +39 51 27.6 77.691035 59.340752 14.981 n.a. 0.00805709715454 8.7926782 84.2637 /L 95.2858 And 21.751104 54.257346 76.453932 0.462 n.a. 2024-Jul-01 05:00 Nm 23 52 38.92 +40 03 33.6 82.777732 70.353208 15.051 n.a. 0.00826949740175 8.8631202 83.9538 /L 95.5840 And 19.954963 54.806333 77.316462 n.a. n.a. >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2024-Jul-01 22:00 N 00 13 21.47 +41 50 33.7 31.499662 1.944097 16.025 n.a. 0.01201166320670 8.9208276 80.1941 /L 99.1391 And 12.639136 62.880698 78.375561 n.a. n.a. 2024-Jul-01 23:00 A 00 14 19.61 +41 56 20.6 40.266530 8.610427 16.071 n.a. 0.01222584769833 8.8841731 80.0228 /L 99.2989 And 11.889405 60.872279 78.812660 n.a. n.a. 2024-Jul-02 00:00 00 15 13.08 +42 02 06.6 48.074659 16.518459 16.116 n.a. 0.01243932150353 8.8621331 79.8652 /L 99.4448 And 11.080705 58.884301 79.352218 n.a. n.a. $$EOE *********************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** Column meaning: TIME Times PRIOR to 1962 are UT1, a mean-solar time closely related to the prior but now-deprecated GMT. Times AFTER 1962 are in UTC, the current civil or "wall-clock" time-scale. UTC is kept within 0.9 seconds of UT1 using integer leap-seconds for 1972 and later years. Conversion from the internal Barycentric Dynamical Time (TDB) of solar system dynamics to the non-uniform civil UT time-scale requested for output has not been determined for UTC times after the next July or January 1st. Therefore, the last known leap-second is used as a constant over future intervals. Time tags refer to the UT time-scale conversion from TDB on Earth regardless of observer location within the solar system, although clock rates may differ due to the local gravity field and no analog to "UT" may be defined for that location. Any 'b' symbol in the 1st-column denotes a B.C. date. First-column blank (" ") denotes an A.D. date. CALENDAR SYSTEM Mixed calendar mode was active such that calendar dates after AD 1582-Oct-15 (if any) are in the modern Gregorian system. Dates prior to 1582-Oct-5 (if any) are in the Julian calendar system, which is automatically extended for dates prior to its adoption on 45-Jan-1 BC. The Julian calendar is useful for matching historical dates. The Gregorian calendar more accurately corresponds to the Earth's orbital motion and seasons. A "Gregorian-only" calendar mode is available if such physical events are the primary interest. NOTE: A time-zone correction has been requested. See header. NOTE: "n.a." in output means quantity "not available" at the print-time. SOLAR PRESENCE (OBSERVING SITE) Time tag is followed by a blank, then a solar-presence symbol: '*' Daylight (refracted solar upper-limb on or above apparent horizon) 'C' Civil twilight/dawn 'N' Nautical twilight/dawn 'A' Astronomical twilight/dawn ' ' Night OR geocentric ephemeris LUNAR PRESENCE (OBSERVING SITE) The solar-presence symbol is immediately followed by a lunar-presence symbol: 'm' Refracted upper-limb of Moon on or above apparent horizon ' ' Refracted upper-limb of Moon below apparent horizon OR geocentric ephemeris 'R.A._____(ICRF)_____DEC' = Astrometric right ascension and declination of the target center with respect to the observing site (coordinate origin) in the reference frame of the planetary ephemeris (ICRF). Compensated for down-leg light-time delay aberration. Units: RA in hours-minutes-seconds of time, HH MM SS.ff{ffff} DEC in degrees-minutes-seconds of arc, sDD MN SC.f{ffff} 'Azi____(a-app)___Elev' = Airless apparent azimuth and elevation of target center. Compensated for light-time, the gravitational deflection of light, stellar aberration, precession and nutation. Azimuth is measured clockwise from north: North(0) -> East(90) -> South(180) -> West(270) -> North (360) Elevation angle is with respect to a plane perpendicular to the reference surface local zenith direction. TOPOCENTRIC ONLY. Units: DEGREES 'APmag S-brt' = The asteroids' approximate apparent airless visual magnitude and surface brightness using the standard IAU H-G system magnitude model: APmag = H + 5*log10(delta) + 5*log10(r) - 2.5*log10((1-G)*phi_1 + G*phi_2) For solar phase angles >90 deg, the error could exceed 1 magnitude. For phase angles >120 degrees, output values are rounded to the nearest integer to indicate error could be large and unknown. For Earth-based observers, the estimated dimming due to atmospheric absorption (extinction) is available as a separate, requestable quantity. Surface brightness is the average airless visual magnitude of a square-arcsecond of the illuminated portion of the apparent disk. It is computed only if the target radius is known. Units: MAGNITUDES & MAGNITUDES PER SQUARE ARCSECOND 'delta deldot' = Apparent range ("delta", light-time aberrated) and range-rate ("delta-dot") of the target center relative to the observer. A positive "deldot" means the target center is moving away from the observer, negative indicates movement toward the observer. Units: AU and KM/S 'S-O-T /r' = Sun-Observer-Target apparent SOLAR ELONGATION ANGLE seen from the observers' location at print-time. The '/r' column provides a code indicating the targets' apparent position relative to the Sun in the observers' sky, as described below: Case A: For an observing location on the surface of a rotating body, that body rotational sense is considered: /T indicates target TRAILS Sun (evening sky: rises and sets AFTER Sun) /L indicates target LEADS Sun (morning sky: rises and sets BEFORE Sun) Case B: For an observing point that does not have a rotational model (such as a spacecraft), the "leading" and "trailing" condition is defined by the observers' heliocentric ORBITAL motion: * If continuing in the observers' current direction of heliocentric motion would encounter the targets' apparent longitude first, followed by the Sun's, the target LEADS the Sun as seen by the observer. * If the Sun's apparent longitude would be encountered first, followed by the targets', the target TRAILS the Sun. Two other codes can be output: /* indicates observer is Sun-centered (undefined) /? Target is aligned with Sun center (no lead or trail) The S-O-T solar elongation angle is numerically the minimum separation angle of the Sun and target in the sky in any direction. It does NOT indicate the amount of separation in the leading or trailing directions, which would be defined along the equator of a spherical coordinate system. Units: DEGREES 'S-T-O' = The Sun-Target-Observer angle; the interior vertex angle at target center formed by a vector from the target to the apparent center of the Sun (at reflection time on the target) and the apparent vector from target to the observer at print-time. Slightly different from true PHASE ANGLE (requestable separately) at the few arcsecond level in that it includes stellar aberration on the down-leg from target to observer. Units: DEGREES 'Cnst' = Constellation ID; the 3-letter abbreviation for the name of the constellation containing the target centers' astrometric position, as defined by IAU (1930) boundary delineation. See documentation for list of abbreviations. 'Sky_motion Sky_mot_PA RelVel-ANG' = Total apparent angular rate of the target in the plane-of-sky. "Sky_mot_PA" is the position angle of the target's direction of motion in the plane-of-sky, measured counter-clockwise from the apparent of-date north pole direction. "RelVel-ANG" is the flight path angle of the target's relative motion with respect to the observer's line-of-sight, in the range [-90,+90], where positive values indicate motion away from the observer, negative values are toward the observer: -90 = target is moving directly toward the observer 0 = target is moving at right angles to the observer's line-of-sight +90 = target is moving directly away from the observer UNITS: ARCSECONDS/MINUTE, DEGREES, DEGREES 'Lun_Sky_Brt sky_SNR' = Sky brightness due to moonlight scattered by Earth's atmosphere at the target's position in the sky. "sky_SNR" is the visual signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the target's surface brightness relative to background sky. Output only for topocentric Earth observers when both the Moon and target are above the local horizon and the Sun is in astronomical twilight (or further) below the horizon, and the target is not the Moon or Sun. If all conditions are not met, "n.a." is output. Galactic brightness, local sky light-pollution and weather are NOT considered. Lunar opposition surge is considered. The value returned is accurate under ideal conditions at the approximately 8-23% level, so is a useful but not definitive value. If the target-body radius is also known, "sky_SNR" is output. This is the approximate visual signal-to-noise ratio of the target's brightness divided by lunar sky brightness. When sky_SNR < 1, the target is dimmer than the ideal moonlight-scattering background sky, so unlikely to be detectable at visual wavelengths. In practice, visibility requires sky_SNR > 1 and a detector sensitive enough to reach the target's magnitude, even if it isn't washed out by moonlight. When relating magnitudes and brightness values, keep in mind their logarithmic relationship m2-m1 = -2.5*log_10(b2/b1). UNITS: VISUAL MAGNITUDES / ARCSECOND^2, and unitless ratio Computations by ... Solar System Dynamics Group, Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Pasadena, CA 91109 USA General site: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ Mailing list: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/email_list.html System news : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/news.html User Guide : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/manual.html Connect : browser https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/app.html#/x API https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/doc/horizons.html command-line telnet ssd.jpl.nasa.gov 6775 e-mail/batch https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/hrzn_batch.txt scripts https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/SCRIPTS Author : Jon.D.Giorgini@jpl.nasa.gov ***********************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************