API VERSION: 1.2 API SOURCE: NASA/JPL Horizons API ******************************************************************************* Revised: Sep 16, 2026 INTEGRAL Spacecraft (gamma-ray observatory) -198 http://www.esa.int/export/esaMI/Integral/ESAR0RPV16D_0.html INTEGRAL (INTErnational Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory): Deployment (Proton) = Oct 17, 2002 Diameter/length (meters) = 3.7/5 m ORBITAL DATA: Inclination = 51 degrees Orbital period = ~72 hours Apogee altitude = ~ 155000 km Perigee altitude = ~9,000 km The spacecraft will spend most of its time above an altitude of 40,000 km (outside Earth's radiation belts), thus minimizing background radiation effects. Will study black holes, neutron stars, active galactic nuclei and supernovae, providing information on formation of new chemical elements and gamma-ray bursts. ESA mission. WEIGHTS & PROPULSION: Launch Mass: 4 tonnes SPACECRAFT TRAJECTORY Launch to 2005-Jan-31 JPL Multi-Mission Navigation Team, merged solutions: OD0018_021017, OD0020_021019, OD0022_021021, OD0030_021029, OD0035_021108, OD0037_021119, OD0040_021129, OD0042_021206, OD0045_021216, OD0047_021222, OD0051_030102, OD0053_030108, OD0057_030120, OD0060_030127, OD0062_030207, OD0066_030219, OD0068_030228, OD0071_030310, OD0075_030321, OD0079_030402, OD0084_030416, OD0089_030502, OD0090_030505, OD0097_030529, OD0105_030624, OD0113_030721, OD0122_030817, OD0127_030907, OD0131_030919, OD0134_031001, OD0141_031022, OD0148_031117, OD0153_031201, OD0157_031212, OD0163_031230, OD0169_040126, OD0179_040222, OD0182_040302, OD0184_040309, OD0192_040401, OD0202_040428, OD0209_040521, OD0212_040530, OD0219_040620, OD0227_040714, OD0236_040810, OD0240_040822, OD0246_040906, OD0251_040927, OD0256_041015, OD0260_041101, OD0267_041123, OD0277_041215, OD0285_050101. 2005-Jan-31 to 2015-Jan-01: JSpOC TLEs 2015-Jan-01 to 2015-Dec-02: ESA-provided ephemeris 2015-Dec-02 to PRESENT : JSpOC TLEs NOTE: The ESA ephemeris is used for much of 2015 since TLE's issued by JSpOC were based on an obsolete predictive ephemeris for the spacecraft that did not reflect January 2015 maneuvering of INTEGRAL to a different orbit. http://sci.esa.int/integral/55345-integral-manoeuvres-for-the-future/ ******************************************************************************* ******************************************************************************* Ephemeris / API_USER Wed Sep 16 12:28:54 2026 Pasadena, USA / Horizons ******************************************************************************* Target body name: INTEGRAL (spacecraft) (-198) {source: integral_merged} Center body name: Earth (399) {source: DE441} Center-site name: VdS Remote Observatory, Hakos ******************************************************************************* Start time : A.D. 2026-Sep-02 00:00:00.0000 UT Stop time : A.D. 2026-Sep-05 00:00:00.0000 UT Step-size : 10 minutes ******************************************************************************* Target pole/equ : undefined Target radii : undefined Center geodetic : 16.3613, -23.2365766, 1.8515 {E-lon(deg),Lat(deg),Alt(km)} Center cylindric: 16.3613,5865.52307,-2501.54567 {E-lon(deg),Dxy(km),Dz(km)} Center pole/equ : ITRF93 {East-longitude positive} Center radii : 6378.137, 6378.137, 6356.752 km {Equator_a, b, pole_c} Target primary : Earth Vis. interferer : MOON (R_eq= 1737.400) km {source: DE441} Rel. light bend : Sun {source: DE441} Rel. lght bnd GM: 1.3271E+11 km^3/s^2 Atmos refraction: NO (AIRLESS) RA format : HMS Time format : CAL Calendar mode : Mixed Julian/Gregorian RTS-only print : NO EOP file : eop.260915.p261212 EOP coverage : DATA-BASED 1962-JAN-20 TO 2026-SEP-15. PREDICTS-> 2026-DEC-11 Units conversion: 1 au= 149597870.700 km, c= 299792.458 km/s, 1 day= 86400.0 s Table cut-offs 1: Elevation ( 0.0deg=YES),Airmass (>38.000=NO), Daylight (YES) Table cut-offs 2: Solar elongation ( 12.0,180.0=YES),Local Hour Angle( 0.0=NO ) Table cut-offs 3: RA/DEC angular rate ( 0.0=NO ) *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** Date__(UT)__HR:MN R.A._____(ICRF)_____DEC Azi____(a-app)___Elev APmag S-brt r rdot delta deldot S-O-T /r S-T-O T-O-M/MN_Illu% RA_3sigma DEC_3sigma Sky_motion Sky_mot_PA RelVel-ANG *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** $$SOE >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< 2026-Sep-03 18:50 23 24 32.15 +37 46 44.3 47.710168 0.524372 n.a. n.a. 1.008911858164 0.5243185 0.00034886997254 2.5057701 134.0139 /L 45.9724 59.3/ 55.8177 n.a. n.a. 419.32289 350.57818 54.789448 2026-Sep-03 19:00 23 23 34.16 +38 53 48.0 45.635607 1.780833 n.a. n.a. 1.008913837271 0.4624349 0.00035883700866 2.4625661 132.9625 /L 47.0232 59.4/ 55.7131 n.a. n.a. 396.88346 350.14561 55.043749 2026-Sep-03 19:10 23 22 35.78 +39 57 15.1 43.588980 2.978076 n.a. n.a. 1.008915577355 0.4050719 0.00036863604387 2.4219924 131.9657 /L 48.0192 59.5/ 55.6093 n.a. n.a. 376.43654 349.67901 55.294567 2026-Sep-03 19:20 23 21 36.87 +40 57 24.0 41.564473 4.114616 n.a. n.a. 1.008917095527 0.3517312 0.00037827719307 2.3838345 131.0194 /L 48.9649 59.6/ 55.5063 n.a. n.a. 357.71552 349.18154 55.543913 2026-Sep-03 19:30 23 20 37.28 +41 54 30.5 39.557401 5.189069 n.a. n.a. 1.008918407049 0.3019862 0.00038776975377 2.3478990 130.1197 /L 49.8640 59.7/ 55.4042 n.a. n.a. 340.49789 348.65615 55.793526 2026-Sep-03 19:40 23 19 36.92 +42 48 48.4 37.564058 6.200146 n.a. n.a. 1.008919525592 0.2554694 0.00039712228406 2.3140104 129.2632 /L 50.7199 59.8/ 55.3029 n.a. n.a. 324.59671 348.10561 56.044907 2026-Sep-03 19:50 23 18 35.74 +43 40 29.9 35.581597 7.146646 n.a. n.a. 1.008920463456 0.2118624 0.00040634267028 2.2820089 128.4468 /L 51.5356 59.9/ 55.2026 n.a. n.a. 309.85395 347.53254 56.299359 2026-Sep-03 20:00 23 17 33.68 +44 29 45.6 33.607936 8.027464 n.a. n.a. 1.008921231747 0.1708882 0.00041543818601 2.2517484 127.6679 /L 52.3139 60.1/ 55.1032 n.a. n.a. 296.13524 346.93944 56.558006 2026-Sep-03 20:10 23 16 30.73 +45 16 45.1 31.641672 8.841597 n.a. n.a. 1.008921840532 0.1323044 0.00042441554361 2.2230950 126.9242 /L 53.0570 60.2/ 55.0049 n.a. n.a. 283.32571 346.32874 56.821817 2026-Sep-03 20:20 23 15 26.88 +46 01 36.9 29.682011 9.588152 n.a. n.a. 1.008922298965 0.0958980 0.00043328093951 2.1959252 126.2134 /L 53.7673 60.3/ 54.9077 n.a. n.a. 271.32672 345.70277 57.091626 2026-Sep-03 20:30 23 14 22.15 +46 44 28.6 27.728704 10.266360 n.a. n.a. 1.008922615398 0.0614811 0.00044204009423 2.1701250 125.5335 /L 54.4465 60.5/ 54.8115 n.a. n.a. 260.05315 345.06382 57.368145 2026-Sep-03 20:40 23 13 16.58 +47 25 27.0 25.781991 10.875581 n.a. n.a. 1.008922797473 0.0288871 0.00045069828790 2.1455887 124.8829 /L 55.0965 60.6/ 54.7165 n.a. n.a. 249.43124 344.41412 57.651979 2026-Sep-03 20:50 23 12 10.19 +48 04 38.2 23.842545 11.415324 n.a. n.a. 1.008922852201 -0.0020319 0.00045926039188 2.1222182 124.2600 /L 55.7189 60.8/ 54.6226 n.a. n.a. 239.39684 343.75590 57.943638 2026-Sep-03 21:00 23 11 03.06 +48 42 07.8 21.911438 11.885267 n.a. n.a. 1.008922786183 -0.0313337 0.00046773089816 2.0999222 123.6632 /L 56.3151 60.9/ 54.5299 n.a. n.a. 229.87781 343.09089 58.245351 2026-Sep-03 21:10 23 09 55.24 +49 18 00.9 19.990067 12.285251 n.a. n.a. 1.008922605501 -0.0592207 0.00047611394125 2.0786138 123.0913 /L 56.8865 61.1/ 54.4384 n.a. n.a. 220.84443 342.42178 58.555409 2026-Sep-03 21:20 23 08 46.82 +49 52 22.2 18.080091 12.615267 n.a. n.a. 1.008922315585 -0.0858133 0.00048441332064 2.0582127 122.5431 /L 57.4342 61.2/ 54.3481 n.a. n.a. 212.25612 341.75091 58.873752 2026-Sep-03 21:30 23 07 37.87 +50 25 16.1 16.183401 12.875478 n.a. n.a. 1.008921921414 -0.1112165 0.00049263252453 2.0386440 122.0174 /L 57.9594 61.4/ 54.2591 n.a. n.a. 204.07624 341.08062 59.200364 2026-Sep-03 21:40 23 06 28.49 +50 56 46.7 14.302073 13.066223 n.a. n.a. 1.008921427576 -0.1355192 0.00050077474967 2.0198373 121.5130 /L 58.4632 61.5/ 54.1714 n.a. n.a. 196.27122 340.41322 59.535332 2026-Sep-03 21:50 23 05 18.77 +51 26 57.8 12.438327 13.188029 n.a. n.a. 1.008920838332 -0.1587950 0.00050884291960 2.0017266 121.0292 /L 58.9465 61.7/ 54.0850 n.a. n.a. 188.80993 339.75099 59.878867 2026-Sep-03 22:00 23 04 08.83 +51 55 52.7 10.594482 13.241606 n.a. n.a. 1.008920157682 -0.1810955 0.00051683968925 1.9842501 120.5648 /L 59.4104 61.9/ 54.0000 n.a. n.a. 181.66215 339.09602 60.231499 2026-Sep-03 22:10 e 23 02 58.77 +52 23 34.9 8.772918 13.227876 n.a. n.a. 1.008919389617 -0.2023954 0.00052476751155 1.9673505 120.1191 /L 59.8555 62.0/ 53.9162 n.a. n.a. 174.78852 338.44942 60.595472 2026-Sep-03 22:20 23 01 48.71 +52 50 07.1 6.976024 13.147930 n.a. n.a. 1.008918537865 -0.2228320 0.00053262857339 1.9509707 119.6914 /L 60.2827 62.2/ 53.8338 n.a. n.a. 168.18304 337.81467 60.968784 2026-Sep-03 22:30 23 00 38.76 +53 15 32.4 5.206148 13.003011 n.a. n.a. 1.008917605778 -0.2424592 0.00054042485462 1.9350584 119.2809 /L 60.6928 62.3/ 53.7528 n.a. n.a. 161.82724 337.19428 61.351351 2026-Sep-03 22:40 22 59 29.06 +53 39 53.5 3.465575 12.794513 n.a. n.a. 1.008916596504 -0.2613267 0.00054815813064 1.9195641 118.8868 /L 61.0864 62.5/ 53.6732 n.a. n.a. 155.70465 336.59086 61.743046 2026-Sep-03 22:50 22 58 19.72 +54 03 12.9 1.756502 12.523974 n.a. n.a. 1.008915512998 -0.2794799 0.00055582998393 1.9044411 118.5085 /L 61.4642 62.6/ 53.5949 n.a. n.a. 149.80059 336.00708 62.143702 2026-Sep-03 23:00 22 57 10.87 +54 25 33.3 0.081006 12.193064 n.a. n.a. 1.008914358041 -0.2969605 0.00056344181456 1.8896450 118.1454 /L 61.8268 62.7/ 53.5179 n.a. n.a. 144.10198 335.44575 62.553114 2026-Sep-03 23:10 t 22 56 02.63 +54 46 57.0 358.441027 11.803569 n.a. n.a. 1.008913134253 -0.3138071 0.00057099485039 1.8751343 117.7969 /L 62.1748 62.9/ 53.4424 n.a. n.a. 138.59714 334.90982 62.971038 2026-Sep-03 23:20 m 22 54 55.14 +55 07 26.2 356.838354 11.357377 n.a. n.a. 1.008911844107 -0.3300552 0.00057849015661 1.8608695 117.4624 /L 62.5089 63.0/ 53.3682 n.a. n.a. 133.27567 334.40235 63.397185 2026-Sep-03 23:30 m 22 53 48.52 +55 27 03.3 355.274612 10.856461 n.a. n.a. 1.008910489935 -0.3457378 0.00058592864486 1.8468135 117.1413 /L 62.8295 63.1/ 53.2954 n.a. n.a. 128.12832 333.92659 63.831227 2026-Sep-03 23:40 m 22 52 42.90 +55 45 50.4 353.751256 10.302868 n.a. n.a. 1.008909073945 -0.3608854 0.00059331108191 1.8329312 116.8331 /L 63.1372 63.3/ 53.2239 n.a. n.a. 123.14690 333.48595 64.272789 2026-Sep-03 23:50 m 22 51 38.39 +56 03 49.6 352.269568 9.698702 n.a. n.a. 1.008907598227 -0.3755260 0.00060063809798 1.8191895 116.5373 /L 63.4326 63.4/ 53.1538 n.a. n.a. 118.32415 333.08405 64.721449 2026-Sep-04 00:00 m 22 50 35.12 +56 21 02.8 350.830662 9.046108 n.a. n.a. 1.008906064760 -0.3896861 0.00060791019465 1.8055573 116.2534 /T 63.7160 63.5/ 53.0850 n.a. n.a. 113.65369 332.72472 65.176731 2026-Sep-04 00:10 m 22 49 33.21 +56 37 32.2 349.435482 8.347264 n.a. n.a. 1.008904475424 -0.4033901 0.00061512775257 1.7920055 115.9810 /T 63.9880 63.6/ 53.0175 n.a. n.a. 109.12995 332.41205 65.638103 2026-Sep-04 00:20 m 22 48 32.77 +56 53 19.5 348.084815 7.604362 n.a. n.a. 1.008902832002 -0.4166606 0.00062229103874 1.7785066 115.7195 /T 64.2490 63.8/ 52.9514 n.a. n.a. 104.74808 332.15040 66.104968 2026-Sep-04 00:30 m 22 47 33.91 +57 08 26.6 346.779298 6.819602 n.a. n.a. 1.008901136190 -0.4295189 0.00062940021363 1.7650349 115.4686 /T 64.4995 63.9/ 52.8865 n.a. n.a. 100.50397 331.94440 66.576659 2026-Sep-04 00:40 m 22 46 36.74 +57 22 55.4 345.519429 5.995180 n.a. n.a. 1.008899389602 -0.4419849 0.00063645533793 1.7515664 115.2277 /T 64.7399 64.0/ 52.8229 n.a. n.a. 96.394156 331.79903 67.052430 2026-Sep-04 00:50 m 22 45 41.37 +57 36 47.6 344.305580 5.133278 n.a. n.a. 1.008897593774 -0.4540770 0.00064345637923 1.7380785 114.9966 /T 64.9707 64.1/ 52.7605 n.a. n.a. 92.415797 331.71962 67.531447 2026-Sep-04 01:00 m 22 44 47.88 +57 50 05.0 343.138010 4.236057 n.a. n.a. 1.008895750171 -0.4658127 0.00065040321828 1.7245506 114.7746 /T 65.1922 64.2/ 52.6992 n.a. n.a. 88.566676 331.71185 68.012772 2026-Sep-04 01:10 m 22 43 56.37 +58 02 49.2 342.016879 3.305653 n.a. n.a. 1.008893860190 -0.4772081 0.00065729565519 1.7109632 114.5616 /T 65.4048 64.2/ 52.6392 n.a. n.a. 84.845167 331.78182 68.495358 2026-Sep-04 01:20 m 22 43 06.92 +58 15 02.0 340.942262 2.344165 n.a. n.a. 1.008891925165 -0.4882786 0.00066413341537 1.6972984 114.3570 /T 65.6090 64.3/ 52.5803 n.a. n.a. 81.250231 331.93604 68.978026 2026-Sep-04 01:30 m 22 42 19.62 +58 26 44.9 339.914161 1.353659 n.a. n.a. 1.008889946370 -0.4990385 0.00067091615532 1.6835398 114.1605 /T 65.8051 64.4/ 52.5225 n.a. n.a. 77.781409 332.18143 69.459456 2026-Sep-04 01:40 m 22 41 34.54 +58 37 59.4 338.932521 0.336160 n.a. n.a. 1.008887925025 -0.5095012 0.00067764346814 1.6696722 113.9716 /T 65.9935 64.5/ 52.4658 n.a. n.a. 74.438826 332.52535 69.938160 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< $$EOE *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** Column meaning: TIME Times PRIOR to 1962 are UT1, a mean-solar time closely related to the prior but now-deprecated GMT. Times AFTER 1962 are in UTC, the current civil or "wall-clock" time-scale. UTC is kept within 0.9 seconds of UT1 using integer leap-seconds for 1972 and later years. Conversion from the internal Barycentric Dynamical Time (TDB) of solar system dynamics to the non-uniform civil UT time-scale requested for output has not been determined for UTC times after the next July or January 1st. Therefore, the last known leap-second is used as a constant over future intervals. Time tags refer to the UT time-scale conversion from TDB on Earth regardless of observer location within the solar system, although clock rates may differ due to the local gravity field and no analog to "UT" may be defined for that location. Any 'b' symbol in the 1st-column denotes a B.C. date. First-column blank (" ") denotes an A.D. date. CALENDAR SYSTEM Mixed calendar mode was active such that calendar dates after AD 1582-Oct-15 (if any) are in the modern Gregorian system. Dates prior to 1582-Oct-5 (if any) are in the Julian calendar system, which is automatically extended for dates prior to its adoption on 45-Jan-1 BC. The Julian calendar is useful for matching historical dates. The Gregorian calendar more accurately corresponds to the Earth's orbital motion and seasons. A "Gregorian-only" calendar mode is available if such physical events are the primary interest. NOTE: "n.a." in output means quantity "not available" at the print-time. SOLAR PRESENCE (OBSERVING SITE) Time tag is followed by a blank, then a solar-presence condition code: '*' Daylight (refracted solar upper-limb on or above apparent horizon) 'C' Civil twilight/dawn 'N' Nautical twilight/dawn 'A' Astronomical twilight/dawn ' ' Night OR geocentric ephemeris LUNAR PRESENCE WITH TARGET RISE/TRANSIT/SET EVENT MARKER (OBSERVING SITE) The solar-presence code column is immediately followed by another marker: 'm' Refracted upper-limb of Moon on or above apparent horizon ' ' Refracted upper-limb of Moon below apparent horizon OR geocentric The lunar presence marker (an ongoing state) can be over-ridden by a target event marker if an event has occurred since the last output step: 'r' Rise (target body on or went above cut-off RTS elevation) 'e' Elevation max (target body maximum elevation angle has occurred) 't' Transit (target body at or passed through observer meridian) 's' Set (target body on or went below cut-off RTS elevation) RTS MARKERS (TVH) Rise and set are with respect to the reference ellipsoid true visual horizon defined by the elevation cut-off angle. Horizon dip and yellow-light refraction (Earth only) are considered. Accuracy is < or = to twice the requested search step-size. 'R.A._____(ICRF)_____DEC' = Astrometric right ascension and declination of the target center with respect to the observing site (coordinate origin) in the reference frame of the planetary ephemeris (ICRF). Compensated for down-leg light-time delay aberration. Units: RA in hours-minutes-seconds of time, HH MM SS.ff{ffff} DEC in degrees-minutes-seconds of arc, sDD MN SC.f{ffff} 'Azi____(a-app)___Elev' = Airless apparent azimuth and elevation of target center. Compensated for light-time, the gravitational deflection of light, stellar aberration, precession and nutation. Azimuth is measured clockwise from north: North(0) -> East(90) -> South(180) -> West(270) -> North (360) Elevation angle is with respect to a plane perpendicular to the reference surface local zenith direction. TOPOCENTRIC ONLY. Units: DEGREES 'APmag S-brt' = The targets' approximate apparent visual magnitude and surface brightness. For planets and natural satellites, output is restricted to solar phase angles covered by observational data. Outside the observed phase angle range, "n.a." may be output to avoid extrapolation beyond the limit of model validity. For Earth-based observers, the estimated dimming due to atmospheric absorption (extinction) is available as a separate, requestable quantity. Surface brightness is the average airless visual magnitude of a square-arcsecond of the illuminated portion of the apparent disk. It is computed only if the target radius is known. Units: MAGNITUDES & MAGNITUDES PER SQUARE ARCSECOND 'r rdot' = The Sun's apparent range ("r", light-time aberrated) and range-rate ("rdot") relative to the target center, as seen by the observer. A positive "rdot" means the target center was moving away from the Sun, negative means moving toward the Sun. Units: AU and KM/S 'delta deldot' = Apparent range ("delta", light-time aberrated) and range-rate ("delta-dot") of the target center relative to the observer. A positive "deldot" means the target center is moving away from the observer, negative indicates movement toward the observer. Units: AU and KM/S 'S-O-T /r' = Sun-Observer-Target apparent SOLAR ELONGATION ANGLE seen from the observers' location at print-time. The '/r' column provides a code indicating the targets' apparent position relative to the Sun in the observers' sky, as described below: Case A: For an observing location on the surface of a rotating body, that body rotational sense is considered: /T indicates target TRAILS Sun (evening sky: rises and sets AFTER Sun) /L indicates target LEADS Sun (morning sky: rises and sets BEFORE Sun) Case B: For an observing point that does not have a rotational model (such as a spacecraft), the "leading" and "trailing" condition is defined by the observers' heliocentric ORBITAL motion: * If continuing in the observers' current direction of heliocentric motion would encounter the targets' apparent longitude first, followed by the Sun's, the target LEADS the Sun as seen by the observer. * If the Sun's apparent longitude would be encountered first, followed by the targets', the target TRAILS the Sun. Two other codes can be output: /* indicates observer is Sun-centered (undefined) /? Target is aligned with Sun center (no lead or trail) The S-O-T solar elongation angle is numerically the minimum separation angle of the Sun and target in the sky in any direction. It does NOT indicate the amount of separation in the leading or trailing directions, which would be defined along the equator of a spherical coordinate system. Units: DEGREES 'S-T-O' = The Sun-Target-Observer angle; the interior vertex angle at target center formed by a vector from the target to the apparent center of the Sun (at reflection time on the target) and the apparent vector from target to the observer at print-time. Slightly different from true PHASE ANGLE (requestable separately) at the few arcsecond level in that it includes stellar aberration on the down-leg from target to observer. Units: DEGREES 'T-O-M/MN_Illu%' = Target-Observer-Moon LUNAR ELONGATION angle and illuminated percentage. The apparent lunar elongation angle between target body center and Moon center, seen from the observing site, along with fraction of the lunar disk illuminated by the Sun. A negative lunar elongation angle indicates the target center is behind the Moon. Units: DEGREES & PERCENT 'RA_3sigma DEC_3sigma' = Uncertainty in Right-Ascension and Declination. Output values are the formal +/- 3 standard-deviations (sigmas) around nominal position. Units: ARCSECONDS 'Sky_motion Sky_mot_PA RelVel-ANG' = Total apparent angular rate of the target in the plane-of-sky. "Sky_mot_PA" is the position angle of the target's direction of motion in the plane-of-sky, measured counter-clockwise from the apparent of-date north pole direction. "RelVel-ANG" is the flight path angle of the target's relative motion with respect to the observer's line-of-sight, in the range [-90,+90], where positive values indicate motion away from the observer, negative values are toward the observer: -90 = target is moving directly toward the observer 0 = target is moving at right angles to the observer's line-of-sight +90 = target is moving directly away from the observer UNITS: ARCSECONDS/MINUTE, DEGREES, DEGREES Computations by ... Solar System Dynamics Group, Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Pasadena, CA 91109 USA General site: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ Mailing list: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/email_list.html System news : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/news.html User Guide : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/manual.html Connect : browser https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/app.html#/x API https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/doc/horizons.html command-line telnet ssd.jpl.nasa.gov 6775 e-mail/batch https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/horizons_batch.txt scripts https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/SCRIPTS Inquiries : Jon.D.Giorgini@jpl.nasa.gov ***************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************