API VERSION: 1.2 API SOURCE: NASA/JPL Horizons API ******************************************************************************* Revised: Aug 09, 2026 1985-110B Spacecraft / (Earth) -116292 SL-8 R/B: Discarded rocket body from COSMOS 1704 launch Launched 1985-Nov-28, Plesetsk Missile and Space Complex, USSR/CIS Period: ~104.6 minutes ******************************************************************************* ******************************************************************************* Ephemeris / API_USER Mon Aug 10 01:05:21 2026 Pasadena, USA / Horizons ******************************************************************************* Target body name: COSMOS 1704 RB (spacecraft) (-116292) {source: 1985-110B} Center body name: Earth (399) {source: DE441} Center-site name: iTelescope Obs.,Beryl Junc. (Sato) ******************************************************************************* Start time : A.D. 2025-Jul-19 00:00:00.0000 UT Stop time : A.D. 2025-Aug-01 00:00:00.0000 UT Step-size : 10 minutes ******************************************************************************* Target pole/equ : undefined Target radii : undefined Center geodetic : 246.3025, 37.7377919, 1.56349 {E-lon(deg),Lat(deg),Alt(km)} Center cylindric: 246.3025,5051.53114,3883.42609 {E-lon(deg),Dxy(km),Dz(km)} Center pole/equ : ITRF93 {East-longitude positive} Center radii : 6378.137, 6378.137, 6356.752 km {Equator_a, b, pole_c} Target primary : Earth Vis. interferer : MOON (R_eq= 1737.400) km {source: DE441} Rel. light bend : Sun {source: DE441} Rel. lght bnd GM: 1.3271E+11 km^3/s^2 Atmos refraction: NO (AIRLESS) RA format : HMS Time format : CAL Calendar mode : Mixed Julian/Gregorian RTS-only print : NO EOP file : eop.260807.p261103 EOP coverage : DATA-BASED 1962-JAN-20 TO 2026-AUG-07. PREDICTS-> 2026-NOV-02 Units conversion: 1 au= 149597870.700 km, c= 299792.458 km/s, 1 day= 86400.0 s Table cut-offs 1: Elevation ( 0.0deg=YES),Airmass (>38.000=NO), Daylight (YES) Table cut-offs 2: Solar elongation ( 12.0,180.0=YES),Local Hour Angle( 0.0=NO ) Table cut-offs 3: RA/DEC angular rate ( 0.0=NO ) *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** Date__(UT)__HR:MN R.A._____(ICRF)_____DEC Azi____(a-app)___Elev APmag S-brt r rdot delta deldot S-O-T /r S-T-O T-O-M/MN_Illu% RA_3sigma DEC_3sigma Sky_motion Sky_mot_PA RelVel-ANG *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** $$SOE >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-19 07:30 m 02 15 18.16 +15 08 46.0 73.081011 3.136452 n.a. n.a. 1.016203642446 -6.4203390 0.00002213253708 0.0944546 79.8797 /L 100.1189 7.673/ 35.0300 n.a. n.a. 27922.712 40.245105 0.7234852 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-19 09:10 r 23 06 28.87 -25 13 47.3 154.763211 22.680373 n.a. n.a. 1.016210327683 -5.4200422 0.00001296237299 -5.2858717 135.8391 /L 44.1600 69.8/ 34.2206 n.a. n.a. 32581.044 18.497769 -45.99525 2025-Jul-19 09:20 e 07 25 23.81 +56 37 55.1 17.076170 8.102383 n.a. n.a. 1.016184700228 -6.9777623 0.00001903407519 6.0793319 36.2105 /L 143.7891 62.5/ 34.1460 n.a. n.a. 18137.644 126.37297 55.531055 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-19 11:00 Ar 17 22 31.13 +34 31 07.0 297.550338 21.725189 n.a. n.a. 1.016192922423 -6.5476982 0.00001322636026 0.9539712 113.8838 /T 66.1162 114.4/ 33.4616 n.a. n.a. 44964.643 323.43782 7.5584771 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-20 07:50 r 00 48 34.05 -15 41 16.1 114.355542 5.317868 n.a. n.a. 1.016151359096 -5.4226343 0.00002073739468 -3.5006398 111.4239 /L 68.5747 57.8/ 24.2689 n.a. n.a. 26012.071 25.014190 -28.22786 2025-Jul-20 08:00 e 05 05 34.11 +41 51 34.9 33.483283 0.770093 n.a. n.a. 1.016125593811 -7.0421685 0.00002374163534 4.4487220 41.9761 /L 138.0228 25.0/ 24.1881 n.a. n.a. 20931.117 80.354739 36.520701 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-20 09:30 r 21 16 15.52 -51 11 51.3 184.830739 0.916579 n.a. n.a. 1.016155385941 -3.9833175 0.00002372851576 -6.3550041 145.8703 /L 34.1278 113.2/ 23.5078 n.a. n.a. 12706.066 6.9418759 -60.16605 2025-Jul-20 09:40 t 22 42 30.03 +73 39 54.1 5.173293 53.544626 n.a. n.a. 1.016133547352 -6.5845974 0.00000775042371 3.7728547 81.9787 /L 98.0214 63.0/ 23.4376 n.a. n.a. 67071.748 16.236054 30.979891 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-20 11:20 Ar 18 33 27.91 -09 43 19.5 253.771303 4.844601 n.a. n.a. 1.016140158616 -5.6263898 0.00002103045114 -3.6841886 156.7250 /T 23.2751 138.6/ 22.7954 n.a. n.a. 24603.968 341.94239 -30.50014 2025-Jul-20 11:30 Ne 14 09 58.69 +49 56 43.0 338.008986 2.981059 n.a. n.a. 1.016113898200 -7.0776058 0.00002218574902 4.0063148 76.0772 /T 103.9221 102.2/ 22.7370 n.a. n.a. 22276.922 275.41069 33.845930 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-21 08:20 r 02 37 09.45 +32 10 19.8 63.936697 19.780405 n.a. n.a. 1.016069318883 -6.6175595 0.00001384561801 2.0739729 72.1845 /L 107.8147 28.4/ 14.8526 n.a. n.a. 42515.030 45.638146 16.247935 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-21 10:00 r 19 56 05.12 -17 16 11.5 218.764020 25.313267 n.a. n.a. 1.016075580977 -5.6306213 0.00001218346547 -5.0043163 176.4632 /T 3.5376 136.2/ 14.2084 n.a. n.a. 36148.904 349.97120 -43.22860 2025-Jul-21 10:10 e 10 52 14.13 +59 07 43.6 357.296712 6.831959 n.a. n.a. 1.016049182085 -7.1408180 0.00001974246625 6.0324109 49.0828 /T 130.9168 67.2/ 14.1491 n.a. n.a. 17133.009 214.41934 55.870750 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-21 11:50 Nr 17 12 42.47 +24 52 23.2 298.422352 4.193634 n.a. n.a. 1.016056930393 -6.7406104 0.00002140085304 -0.1375119 118.6408 /T 61.3587 127.7/ 13.6085 n.a. n.a. 27795.907 321.88853 -1.096293 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-22 07:00 r 02 18 22.00 +18 01 11.2 67.630699 0.971608 n.a. n.a. 1.016000015228 -6.6464629 0.00002360312184 0.4711283 81.1006 /L 98.8980 48.3/ 8.0603 n.a. n.a. 26201.508 43.253478 3.6051948 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-22 08:40 r 23 32 58.25 -17 29 02.2 140.788500 24.903277 n.a. n.a. 1.016005906616 -5.6317711 0.00001228403339 -4.5251345 131.2514 /L 48.7478 101.9/ 7.5093 n.a. n.a. 39102.801 21.840818 -37.92900 2025-Jul-22 08:50 e 07 11 11.10 +52 52 41.8 18.113856 4.456469 n.a. n.a. 1.015979385486 -7.1992252 0.00002119623762 6.0383789 34.3230 /L 145.6765 29.2/ 7.4576 n.a. n.a. 16637.015 122.14275 54.778984 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-22 10:30 e 16 43 08.87 +45 35 35.7 310.102744 23.922082 n.a. n.a. 1.015986819698 -6.7733626 0.00001253395498 2.2731216 99.6047 /T 80.3952 104.7/ 6.9798 n.a. n.a. 45518.825 315.77360 18.242547 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-23 07:20 r 00 53 51.47 -10 14 23.1 106.456513 4.498051 n.a. n.a. 1.015930972516 -5.6297455 0.00002121161517 -2.9152126 111.2940 /L 68.7047 93.7/ 2.9069 n.a. n.a. 26601.583 26.920854 -23.14001 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-23 09:00 t 21 32 48.63 -48 52 08.6 179.353438 3.504450 n.a. n.a. 1.015934109467 -4.1653456 0.00002188469561 -6.3384099 146.7971 /L 33.2011 142.5/ 2.5743 n.a. n.a. 13936.528 8.9324079 -59.81464 2025-Jul-23 09:10 e 02 35 05.34 +75 45 35.2 17.930139 40.228831 n.a. n.a. 1.015911447509 -6.8017818 0.00000918029263 4.7293347 69.0763 /L 110.9237 58.1/ 2.5435 n.a. n.a. 50625.270 68.400444 40.090241 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-23 10:50 Ar 18 22 07.32 -05 24 17.7 256.023177 8.903962 n.a. n.a. 1.015917201315 -5.8354545 0.00001860038983 -3.3734463 149.8183 /T 30.1817 156.7/ 2.2619 n.a. n.a. 28604.641 340.08843 -27.67880 2025-Jul-23 11:00 Ae 13 14 13.75 +51 22 29.4 344.011846 1.871919 n.a. n.a. 1.015890084760 -7.2836835 0.00002292476176 4.6043585 65.7311 /T 114.2681 71.2/ 2.2364 n.a. n.a. 19994.175 262.67663 39.727510 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-24 07:50 e 02 54 21.60 +34 09 25.8 57.847956 14.766250 n.a. n.a. 1.015830722685 -6.8257352 0.00001573550290 2.5635586 70.9583 /L 109.0410 64.4/ 0.3441 n.a. n.a. 36658.581 50.635091 20.184026 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-24 09:30 r 20 08 50.50 -10 26 05.5 215.066012 34.956894 n.a. n.a. 1.015836083102 -5.8338890 0.00001002790618 -4.6531955 170.4909 /T 9.5100 166.1/ 0.2515 n.a. n.a. 46567.057 352.57110 -39.50028 2025-Jul-24 09:40 t 10 01 55.50 +56 21 48.8 1.538797 4.010386 n.a. n.a. 1.015808864773 -7.3350002 0.00002146991206 6.2235627 41.6253 /T 138.3742 39.3/ 0.2438 n.a. n.a. 14719.081 198.13403 58.458374 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-24 11:20 Ar 16 42 02.44 +30 58 51.9 304.872025 6.042153 n.a. n.a. 1.015815700814 -6.9465919 0.00002020783892 0.6837779 107.9729 /T 72.0266 106.9/ 0.1814 n.a. n.a. 29330.182 317.06266 5.4517141 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-25 08:10 r 23 58 51.13 -08 58 17.6 125.658393 25.435694 n.a. n.a. 1.015749585765 -5.8287175 0.00001210658396 -3.5317583 125.7306 /L 54.2687 133.1/ 0.4337 n.a. n.a. 44240.704 24.826843 -28.61039 2025-Jul-25 08:20 e 06 58 39.80 +49 44 12.8 18.547877 1.228422 n.a. n.a. 1.015722284064 -7.3809416 0.00002336921191 5.9756618 34.0238 /L 145.9755 36.9/ 0.4468 n.a. n.a. 15504.330 119.43021 53.759784 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-25 09:50 r 19 22 49.21 -39 17 31.6 213.893317 2.186614 n.a. n.a. 1.015752213346 -4.3752886 0.00002274946797 -5.8224414 156.9664 /T 23.0321 152.3/ 0.5732 n.a. n.a. 16092.072 355.52212 -52.76434 2025-Jul-25 10:00 e 15 45 29.80 +56 24 44.0 323.718075 24.188779 n.a. n.a. 1.015728772241 -6.9692175 0.00001243217096 3.5636065 85.0167 /T 94.9832 80.1/ 0.5880 n.a. n.a. 42179.706 302.57582 29.345127 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-26 06:50 r 00 58 00.54 -05 08 56.2 98.989433 3.376660 n.a. n.a. 1.015657761909 -5.8198004 0.00002190568465 -2.3462099 111.4881 /L 68.5107 130.0/ 2.6319 n.a. n.a. 26643.722 28.966538 -18.39287 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-26 08:30 r 21 50 49.02 -45 48 34.4 172.975896 6.088774 n.a. n.a. 1.015659945930 -4.3443182 0.00002019959829 -6.2562204 147.9221 /L 32.0763 149.4/ 2.9609 n.a. n.a. 15726.518 11.680906 -58.45828 2025-Jul-26 08:40 e 04 22 08.90 +69 08 34.7 23.208628 29.779560 n.a. n.a. 1.015636533191 -6.9869267 0.00001102457542 5.1964306 61.4190 /L 118.5809 72.4/ 2.9951 n.a. n.a. 39092.203 89.759608 44.926140 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-26 10:20 r 18 10 02.20 +00 02 26.0 259.327118 13.530754 n.a. n.a. 1.015641341319 -6.0248467 0.00001627298857 -2.9285425 142.1523 /T 37.8476 124.0/ 3.3459 n.a. n.a. 33810.420 338.36528 -23.76615 2025-Jul-26 10:30 e 12 20 24.60 +51 32 07.3 349.346218 0.404906 n.a. n.a. 1.015613499498 -7.4462628 0.00002396324001 5.0873823 56.0601 /T 123.9390 47.5/ 3.3813 n.a. n.a. 17664.603 249.65201 44.835190 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-27 07:20 e 03 06 45.39 +35 20 54.7 52.956729 10.496610 n.a. n.a. 1.015539096957 -6.9996557 0.00001770150745 2.9081137 70.9398 /L 109.0594 100.3/ 7.1536 n.a. n.a. 32038.378 55.214250 22.985211 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-27 09:00 r 20 30 41.56 -00 21 24.8 208.641336 48.300916 n.a. n.a. 1.015543513513 -6.0152244 0.00000819145528 -3.9398721 161.1308 /L 18.8699 148.2/ 7.6582 n.a. n.a. 62366.309 357.02159 -32.53725 2025-Jul-27 09:10 t 09 22 58.29 +53 22 07.2 4.730525 1.257977 n.a. n.a. 1.015515615357 -7.4836530 0.00002333969279 6.3245898 35.8870 /T 144.1124 46.0/ 7.7102 n.a. n.a. 13044.981 184.69797 59.804047 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-27 10:50 Ar 16 05 33.94 +37 19 26.3 312.158826 7.421583 n.a. n.a. 1.015521476981 -7.1161533 0.00001936755709 1.5852293 96.6173 /T 83.3820 78.1/ 8.2381 n.a. n.a. 30012.939 310.81453 12.714262 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Solar Elongation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-28 07:40 r 00 22 48.51 -00 33 23.8 110.893943 24.127885 n.a. n.a. 1.015440651837 -6.0015626 0.00001243761482 -2.4201744 120.0886 /L 59.9109 162.6/ 13.4080 n.a. n.a. 46437.596 27.835332 -19.11673 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-28 09:20 r 19 27 09.70 -37 44 14.3 211.019880 5.890671 n.a. n.a. 1.015442359538 -4.5472377 0.00002029182576 -5.8873492 156.7276 /T 23.2709 117.3/ 14.0428 n.a. n.a. 17712.728 354.78781 -53.57402 2025-Jul-28 09:30 e 14 17 28.56 +64 50 36.4 336.569314 22.441818 n.a. n.a. 1.015418239429 -7.1265827 0.00001292486241 4.6396569 71.5449 /T 108.4549 68.9/ 14.1084 n.a. n.a. 35929.984 280.25573 39.575004 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-29 06:20 r 01 01 08.21 -00 29 32.2 92.023672 2.036883 n.a. n.a. 1.015332947189 -5.9838165 0.00002278643410 -1.8134801 112.0113 /L 67.9876 163.5/ 20.3598 n.a. n.a. 26244.000 31.162183 -14.08146 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-29 08:00 r 22 09 45.11 -41 52 36.9 165.557661 8.586758 n.a. n.a. 1.015334240201 -4.5112468 0.00001871721476 -6.0820391 149.1882 /L 30.8104 129.7/ 21.0172 n.a. n.a. 18238.638 14.765315 -55.84289 2025-Jul-29 08:10 e 04 55 47.02 +62 50 51.2 25.574345 21.890196 n.a. n.a. 1.015310184669 -7.1317434 0.00001308931724 5.4079751 57.5572 /L 122.4426 98.9/ 21.0870 n.a. n.a. 31674.535 94.612297 47.177058 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-29 09:50 r 17 56 49.80 +07 04 14.5 264.264705 18.859086 n.a. n.a. 1.015314083230 -6.1857064 0.00001410639121 -2.2887840 133.4116 /T 46.5883 88.6/ 21.8163 n.a. n.a. 40481.372 336.70680 -18.34451 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-30 06:50 e 03 15 22.26 +36 01 40.9 48.832939 6.813543 n.a. n.a. 1.015197523291 -7.1316251 0.00001970221169 3.1509849 71.8034 /L 108.1958 134.3/ 28.9597 n.a. n.a. 28411.681 59.432809 24.968547 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-30 08:30 r 21 07 03.93 +14 00 28.6 191.887215 65.966127 n.a. n.a. 1.015201057611 -6.1663181 0.00000692345323 -2.5825800 146.7123 /L 33.2883 126.7/ 29.6665 n.a. n.a. 82040.623 3.6022349 -20.61221 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-30 10:20 e 15 21 41.96 +43 28 19.7 320.028771 8.169991 n.a. n.a. 1.015177578254 -7.2418401 0.00001892675459 2.5160865 84.9309 /T 95.0684 62.3/ 30.5312 n.a. n.a. 29531.642 302.54731 20.426637 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-31 07:10 r 00 43 56.90 +06 59 09.8 97.774461 21.433519 n.a. n.a. 1.015083654540 -6.1426540 0.00001322310280 -1.3371704 115.1414 /L 64.8582 168.6/ 38.1395 n.a. n.a. 45559.362 31.096662 -10.40311 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-31 08:50 r 19 34 17.51 -35 44 05.6 207.502905 10.099926 n.a. n.a. 1.015084545944 -4.7012127 0.00001788657179 -5.9301535 157.0000 /T 22.9987 83.8/ 38.8587 n.a. n.a. 19860.598 354.88959 -54.09147 2025-Jul-31 09:00 e 12 19 03.70 +68 37 54.1 347.284740 19.302837 n.a. n.a. 1.015059877128 -7.2387335 0.00001393738327 5.4099884 60.4228 /T 119.5769 82.7/ 38.9357 n.a. n.a. 29040.080 248.54557 47.876109 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2025-Jul-31 10:40 r 17 25 07.76 +08 48 56.5 279.405777 2.222831 n.a. n.a. 1.015063293654 -6.3370609 0.00002264015819 -1.9317589 124.3696 /T 55.6296 62.1/ 39.7490 n.a. n.a. 25425.561 332.84102 -15.51582 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Daylight Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< $$EOE *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** Column meaning: TIME Times PRIOR to 1962 are UT1, a mean-solar time closely related to the prior but now-deprecated GMT. Times AFTER 1962 are in UTC, the current civil or "wall-clock" time-scale. UTC is kept within 0.9 seconds of UT1 using integer leap-seconds for 1972 and later years. Conversion from the internal Barycentric Dynamical Time (TDB) of solar system dynamics to the non-uniform civil UT time-scale requested for output has not been determined for UTC times after the next July or January 1st. Therefore, the last known leap-second is used as a constant over future intervals. Time tags refer to the UT time-scale conversion from TDB on Earth regardless of observer location within the solar system, although clock rates may differ due to the local gravity field and no analog to "UT" may be defined for that location. Any 'b' symbol in the 1st-column denotes a B.C. date. First-column blank (" ") denotes an A.D. date. CALENDAR SYSTEM Mixed calendar mode was active such that calendar dates after AD 1582-Oct-15 (if any) are in the modern Gregorian system. Dates prior to 1582-Oct-5 (if any) are in the Julian calendar system, which is automatically extended for dates prior to its adoption on 45-Jan-1 BC. The Julian calendar is useful for matching historical dates. The Gregorian calendar more accurately corresponds to the Earth's orbital motion and seasons. A "Gregorian-only" calendar mode is available if such physical events are the primary interest. NOTE: "n.a." in output means quantity "not available" at the print-time. SOLAR PRESENCE (OBSERVING SITE) Time tag is followed by a blank, then a solar-presence condition code: '*' Daylight (refracted solar upper-limb on or above apparent horizon) 'C' Civil twilight/dawn 'N' Nautical twilight/dawn 'A' Astronomical twilight/dawn ' ' Night OR geocentric ephemeris LUNAR PRESENCE WITH TARGET RISE/TRANSIT/SET EVENT MARKER (OBSERVING SITE) The solar-presence code column is immediately followed by another marker: 'm' Refracted upper-limb of Moon on or above apparent horizon ' ' Refracted upper-limb of Moon below apparent horizon OR geocentric The lunar presence marker (an ongoing state) can be over-ridden by a target event marker if an event has occurred since the last output step: 'r' Rise (target body on or went above cut-off RTS elevation) 'e' Elevation max (target body maximum elevation angle has occurred) 't' Transit (target body at or passed through observer meridian) 's' Set (target body on or went below cut-off RTS elevation) RTS MARKERS (TVH) Rise and set are with respect to the reference ellipsoid true visual horizon defined by the elevation cut-off angle. Horizon dip and yellow-light refraction (Earth only) are considered. Accuracy is < or = to twice the requested search step-size. 'R.A._____(ICRF)_____DEC' = Astrometric right ascension and declination of the target center with respect to the observing site (coordinate origin) in the reference frame of the planetary ephemeris (ICRF). Compensated for down-leg light-time delay aberration. Units: RA in hours-minutes-seconds of time, HH MM SS.ff{ffff} DEC in degrees-minutes-seconds of arc, sDD MN SC.f{ffff} 'Azi____(a-app)___Elev' = Airless apparent azimuth and elevation of target center. Compensated for light-time, the gravitational deflection of light, stellar aberration, precession and nutation. Azimuth is measured clockwise from north: North(0) -> East(90) -> South(180) -> West(270) -> North (360) Elevation angle is with respect to a plane perpendicular to the reference surface local zenith direction. TOPOCENTRIC ONLY. Units: DEGREES 'APmag S-brt' = The targets' approximate apparent visual magnitude and surface brightness. For planets and natural satellites, output is restricted to solar phase angles covered by observational data. Outside the observed phase angle range, "n.a." may be output to avoid extrapolation beyond the limit of model validity. For Earth-based observers, the estimated dimming due to atmospheric absorption (extinction) is available as a separate, requestable quantity. Surface brightness is the average airless visual magnitude of a square-arcsecond of the illuminated portion of the apparent disk. It is computed only if the target radius is known. Units: MAGNITUDES & MAGNITUDES PER SQUARE ARCSECOND 'r rdot' = The Sun's apparent range ("r", light-time aberrated) and range-rate ("rdot") relative to the target center, as seen by the observer. A positive "rdot" means the target center was moving away from the Sun, negative means moving toward the Sun. Units: AU and KM/S 'delta deldot' = Apparent range ("delta", light-time aberrated) and range-rate ("delta-dot") of the target center relative to the observer. A positive "deldot" means the target center is moving away from the observer, negative indicates movement toward the observer. Units: AU and KM/S 'S-O-T /r' = Sun-Observer-Target apparent SOLAR ELONGATION ANGLE seen from the observers' location at print-time. The '/r' column provides a code indicating the targets' apparent position relative to the Sun in the observers' sky, as described below: Case A: For an observing location on the surface of a rotating body, that body rotational sense is considered: /T indicates target TRAILS Sun (evening sky: rises and sets AFTER Sun) /L indicates target LEADS Sun (morning sky: rises and sets BEFORE Sun) Case B: For an observing point that does not have a rotational model (such as a spacecraft), the "leading" and "trailing" condition is defined by the observers' heliocentric ORBITAL motion: * If continuing in the observers' current direction of heliocentric motion would encounter the targets' apparent longitude first, followed by the Sun's, the target LEADS the Sun as seen by the observer. * If the Sun's apparent longitude would be encountered first, followed by the targets', the target TRAILS the Sun. Two other codes can be output: /* indicates observer is Sun-centered (undefined) /? Target is aligned with Sun center (no lead or trail) The S-O-T solar elongation angle is numerically the minimum separation angle of the Sun and target in the sky in any direction. It does NOT indicate the amount of separation in the leading or trailing directions, which would be defined along the equator of a spherical coordinate system. Units: DEGREES 'S-T-O' = The Sun-Target-Observer angle; the interior vertex angle at target center formed by a vector from the target to the apparent center of the Sun (at reflection time on the target) and the apparent vector from target to the observer at print-time. Slightly different from true PHASE ANGLE (requestable separately) at the few arcsecond level in that it includes stellar aberration on the down-leg from target to observer. Units: DEGREES 'T-O-M/MN_Illu%' = Target-Observer-Moon LUNAR ELONGATION angle and illuminated percentage. The apparent lunar elongation angle between target body center and Moon center, seen from the observing site, along with fraction of the lunar disk illuminated by the Sun. A negative lunar elongation angle indicates the target center is behind the Moon. Units: DEGREES & PERCENT 'RA_3sigma DEC_3sigma' = Uncertainty in Right-Ascension and Declination. Output values are the formal +/- 3 standard-deviations (sigmas) around nominal position. Units: ARCSECONDS 'Sky_motion Sky_mot_PA RelVel-ANG' = Total apparent angular rate of the target in the plane-of-sky. "Sky_mot_PA" is the position angle of the target's direction of motion in the plane-of-sky, measured counter-clockwise from the apparent of-date north pole direction. "RelVel-ANG" is the flight path angle of the target's relative motion with respect to the observer's line-of-sight, in the range [-90,+90], where positive values indicate motion away from the observer, negative values are toward the observer: -90 = target is moving directly toward the observer 0 = target is moving at right angles to the observer's line-of-sight +90 = target is moving directly away from the observer UNITS: ARCSECONDS/MINUTE, DEGREES, DEGREES Computations by ... Solar System Dynamics Group, Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Pasadena, CA 91109 USA General site: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ Mailing list: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/email_list.html System news : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/news.html User Guide : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/manual.html Connect : browser https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/app.html#/x API https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/doc/horizons.html command-line telnet ssd.jpl.nasa.gov 6775 e-mail/batch https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/horizons_batch.txt scripts https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/SCRIPTS Inquiries : Jon.D.Giorgini@jpl.nasa.gov ***************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************