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Outer Planet Gravity Fields
The gravity field data below are used in the planetary satellite orbit determination model.
References are shown in square brackets (e.g. [1])
following the particular value.
| Parameters |
Jupiter |
Saturn |
Uranus |
Neptune |
GMsystem
(km3/s2) |
126712765. ± 2. | [4] |
37940585. ± 1. | [6] |
5794557. ± 5. | [7] |
6836527. ± 10. | [8] |
GMplanet
(km3/s2) |
126686535. ± 2. | [4] |
37931208. ± 1. | [6] |
5793964. ± 6. | [7] |
6835100. ± 10. | [8] |
| Radius (km) |
71492. | [4] |
60330. | [6] |
26200. | [7] |
25225. | [8] |
| J2 x 106 |
14696.43± 0.21 | [4] |
16290.71± 0.27 | [6] |
3341.29± 0.72 | [7] |
3408.43± 4.50 | [8] |
| J3 x 106 |
-0.64± 0.90 | [4] |
| |
| |
| |
| J4 x 106 |
-587.14± 1.68 | [4] |
-935.83± 2.77 | [6] |
-30.44± 1.02 | [7] |
-33.40± 2.90 | [8] |
| J6 x 106 |
34.25± 5.22 | [4] |
86.14± 9.64 | [6] |
| |
| |
| J8 x 106 |
| |
-10. | [5] |
| |
| |
| C22 x 106 |
0.006± 0.008 | [4] |
| |
| |
| |
| S22 x 106 |
-0.013± 0.009 | [4] |
| |
| |
| |
| RTA (deg) |
268.0566 a ± 0.0002 |
[4] |
40.58279b ± 0.00201 |
[6] |
77.3136 a ± 0.0025 |
[7] |
299.375 c ± 0.14 |
[8] |
| DEC (deg) |
64.4953 a ± 0.0001 |
[4] |
83.53763b ± 0.00021 |
[6] |
15.1745 a ± 0.0022 |
[7] |
42.949 c ± 0.03 |
[8] |
RTA rate
(deg/century) |
-0.00650a |
[4] |
-0.04229b |
[6] |
0.0 | [7] |
0.57978c |
[8] |
DEC rate
(deg/century) |
0.00243a |
[4] |
-0.00444b |
[6] |
0.0 | [7] |
-0.05702c |
[8] |
| a |
pole epoch: 1 January 2000 12:00:00 ET |
| b |
pole epoch: 12 November 1980 23:47:23 ET |
| c |
pole epoch: 25 August 1989 00:00:00 ET |
References
| 1. |
Jacobson, R. A., Riedel, J. E., and Taylor, A. H. 1991.
``The orbits of Triton and Nereid from spacecraft and Earthbased
observations'', Astronomy and Astrophysics 247,
565-575. |
| 2. |
Jacobson, R. A., Campbell, J. K., Taylor, A. H., and Synnott,
S. P. 1992. ``The masses of Uranus and its major satellites
from Voyager tracking data and Earth-based Uranian satellite
data'', Astronomical Journal 103, 2068-2078. |
| 3. |
French, R. G.: 1997, personal communication from ring orbit solutions
|
| 4. |
Jacobson, R.A.: 2003, JUP230 orbit solution |
| 5. |
Nicholson, P. D., and Porco, C. C.: 1988, ``A New Constraint on
Saturn's Zonal Gravity Harmonics from Voyager Observations of an Eccentric
Ringlet'', Journal of Geophysical Research 93,
10209. |
| 6. |
Jacobson, R. A., Antreasian, P. G., Bordi, J. J., Criddle, K. E.,
Ionasescu,R., Jones, J. B., Mackenzie, R. A., Pelletier, F. J., Owen Jr.,
W. M., Roth, D. C., and Stauch, J. R.: 2006 ``The gravity field of the
Saturnian system from satellite observations and spacecraft tracking
data'', Astronomical Journal 132, 6. |
| 7. |
Jacobson, R. A.: 2007 ``The Gravity Field of the Uranian System and the
Orbits of the Uranian Satellites and Rings'',
BAAS 39, 453. |
| 8. |
Jacobson, R. A.: 2009 ``The Orbits of the Neptunian Satellites and the
Orientation of the Pole of Neptune'',
Astronomical Journal 137,4322. |
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